Tutorial Playlist
200 Lessons1. Introduction to Python
2. Features of Python
3. How to install python in windows
4. How to Install Python on macOS
5. Install Python on Linux
6. Hello World Program in Python
7. Python Variables
8. Global Variable in Python
9. Python Keywords and Identifiers
10. Assert Keyword in Python
11. Comments in Python
12. Escape Sequence in Python
13. Print In Python
14. Python-if-else-statement
15. Python for Loop
16. Nested for loop in Python
17. While Loop in Python
18. Python’s do-while Loop
19. Break in Python
20. Break Pass and Continue Statement in Python
21. Python Try Except
22. Data Types in Python
23. Float in Python
24. String Methods Python
25. List in Python
26. List Methods in Python
27. Tuples in Python
28. Dictionary in Python
29. Set in Python
30. Operators in Python
31. Boolean Operators in Python
32. Arithmetic Operators in Python
33. Assignment Operator in Python
34. Bitwise operators in Python
35. Identity Operator in Python
36. Operator Precedence in Python
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37. Functions in Python
38. Lambda and Anonymous Function in Python
39. Range Function in Python
40. len() Function in Python
41. How to Use Lambda Functions in Python?
42. Random Function in Python
43. Python __init__() Function
44. String Split function in Python
45. Round function in Python
46. Find Function in Python
47. How to Call a Function in Python?
48. Python Functions Scope
49. Method Overloading in Python
50. Method Overriding in Python
51. Static Method in Python
52. Python List Index Method
53. Python Modules
54. Math Module in Python
55. Module and Package in Python
56. OS module in Python
57. Python Packages
58. OOPs Concepts in Python
59. Class in Python
60. Abstract Class in Python
61. Object in Python
62. Constructor in Python
63. Inheritance in Python
64. Multiple Inheritance in Python
65. Encapsulation in Python
66. Data Abstraction in Python
67. Opening and closing files in Python
68. How to open JSON file in Python
69. Read CSV Files in Python
70. How to Read a File in Python
71. How to Open a File in Python?
72. Python Write to File
73. JSON Python
74. Python JSON – How to Convert a String to JSON
75. Python JSON Encoding and Decoding
76. Exception Handling in Python
77. Recursion in Python
78. Python Decorators
79. Python Threading
80. Multithreading in Python
81. Multiprocеssing in Python
82. Python Regular Expressions
83. Enumerate() in Python
84. Map in Python
85. Filter in Python
86. Eval in Python
87. Difference Between List, Tuple, Set, and Dictionary in Python
88. List to String in Python
89. Linked List in Python
90. Length of list in Python
91. Reverse a List in Python
92. Python List remove() Method
93. How to Add Elements in a List in Python
94. How to Reverse a List in Python?
95. Difference Between List and Tuple in Python
96. List Slicing in Python
97. Sort in Python
98. Merge Sort in Python
99. Selection Sort in Python
100. Sort Array in Python
101. Sort Dictionary by Value in Python
102. Datetime Python
103. Random Number in Python
104. 2D Array in Python
105. Abs in Python
106. Advantages of Python
107. Anagram Program in Python
108. Append in Python
109. Applications of Python
110. Armstrong Number in Python
111. Assert in Python
112. Binary Search in Python
113. Binary to Decimal in Python
114. Bool in Python
115. Calculator Program in Python
116. chr in Python
117. Control Flow Statements in Python
118. Convert String to Datetime Python
119. Count in python
120. Counter in Python
121. Data Visualization in Python
122. Datetime in Python
123. Extend in Python
124. F-string in Python
125. Fibonacci Series in Python
126. Format in Python
127. GCD of Two Numbers in Python
128. How to Become a Python Developer
129. How to Run Python Program
130. In Which Year Was the Python Language Developed?
131. Indentation in Python
132. Index in Python
133. Interface in Python
134. Is Python Case Sensitive?
135. Isalpha in Python
136. Isinstance() in Python
137. Iterator in Python
138. Join in Python
139. Leap Year Program in Python
140. Lexicographical Order in Python
141. Literals in Python
142. Matplotlib
143. Matrix Multiplication in Python
144. Memory Management in Python
145. Modulus in Python
146. Mutable and Immutable in Python
147. Namespace and Scope in Python
148. OpenCV Python
149. Operator Overloading in Python
150. ord in Python
151. Palindrome in Python
152. Pass in Python
153. Pattern Program in Python
154. Perfect Number in Python
155. Permutation and Combination in Python
156. Prime Number Program in Python
157. Python Arrays
158. Python Automation Projects Ideas
159. Python Frameworks
160. Python Graphical User Interface GUI
161. Python IDE
162. Python input and output
163. Python Installation on Windows
164. Python Object-Oriented Programming
165. Python PIP
166. Python Seaborn
167. Python Slicing
168. type() function in Python
169. Queue in Python
170. Replace in Python
171. Reverse a Number in Python
172. Reverse a string in Python
173. Reverse String in Python
174. Stack in Python
175. scikit-learn
176. Selenium with Python
177. Self in Python
178. Sleep in Python
179. Speech Recognition in Python
180. Split in Python
181. Square Root in Python
182. String Comparison in Python
183. String Formatting in Python
184. String Slicing in Python
185. Strip in Python
186. Subprocess in Python
187. Substring in Python
188. Sum of Digits of a Number in Python
189. Sum of n Natural Numbers in Python
190. Sum of Prime Numbers in Python
191. Switch Case in Python
192. Python Program to Transpose a Matrix
193. Type Casting in Python
194. What are Lists in Python?
195. Ways to Define a Block of Code
196. What is Pygame
197. Why Python is Interpreted Language?
198. XOR in Python
199. Yield in Python
200. Zip in Python
Understanding operator precedence in Python is essential for anyone striving for proficiency in Python programming. Neglecting this crucial concept can lead to unexpected behaviors in your code. In this tutorial, we offer a detailed examination of this topic and provide you with the tools to code more efficiently.
Get ready to dive deep into the intricacies of operator precedence in Python. This tutorial showcases key principles, an informative table, the PEMDAS rule, and the associativity of operators in Python.
Operator precedence is a set of rules that govern the order in which operators are evaluated when performing an operation. It's essential to understand these rules to avoid ambiguity in expressions, which could lead to unexpected results. Let's say you have an expression like 3 + 4 * 2. Is it (3 + 4) * 2 or 3 + (4 * 2)? Operator precedence answers this by assigning priorities to operators.
In Python, operator precedence is not merely an academic topic; it's crucial for practical applications. Mistakes in understanding the precedence can lead to bugs that are difficult to diagnose. Unlike some other programming languages, Python has its own unique set of rules governing operator precedence. In machine learning algorithms, a wrong understanding of operator precedence could result in incorrect computations, ultimately affecting the model's efficiency and accuracy.
Python's rich set of operators includes arithmetic operators like +, -, *, /, comparison operators like ==, !=, >, <, and logical operators like and, or, not, among others. Each category has its own precedence levels, which are internally hardcoded into the Python interpreter.
Understanding the precedence of operators in Python is also beneficial when you're transitioning from another programming language. Every language has its own set of rules for operator precedence, and what holds in one language may not necessarily be true in Python. Mastering the rules of operator precedence in Python will not only make you a better programmer but also help you understand how to read and debug other people's code more effectively.
Understanding the precedence of operators in Python is a cornerstone for writing clear and effective code. Before diving deeper into the rules and guidelines, it is crucial to familiarize yourself with the hierarchy of Python operators through a precedence table.
The following table is an indispensable resource for anyone wanting to understand how Python operator precedence works:
Category | Operators |
Arithmetic Operators | **, *, /, +, - |
Comparison Operators | ==, !=, <=, >=, <, > |
Logical Operators | not, and, or |
Bitwise Operators | &, |, ^ |
Assignment Operators | =, +=, -= |
The order of precedence in Python is not just arbitrary; it's designed to minimize ambiguity in expressions, offering a clear path for execution, which becomes crucial in complex programming scenarios.
PEMDAS stands for Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, and Addition and Subtraction. This acronym serves as a useful mnemonic to remember the order of operations in Python. Understanding PEMDAS is a must for any Python programmer who wants to write error-free code. Let's look at each component:
Order | Rule Component | Operators |
1st | Parentheses | () |
2nd | Exponents | ** |
3rd | Multiplication and Division | *, / |
4th | Addition and Subtraction | +, - |
In Python, PEMDAS ensures that operations are executed in a specific sequence, minimizing errors and unexpected outputs in your code. When writing complex expressions, the PEMDAS rule helps to eliminate ambiguity. Therefore, it's vital for any professional aiming to advance their skills in Python, whether in data science, web development, or automation.
By grasping the Python Operators Precedence Rule, you align your programming logic closely with how Python is designed to interpret expressions, thereby reducing the chances of bugs and logical errors.
After internalizing the PEMDAS rule and operator precedence in Python, the next critical topic is associativity. This rule describes how Python resolves expressions when operators have the same precedence level. Associativity is particularly crucial when dealing with multiple operations that have the same level of priority, as it governs the direction in which these operations are evaluated—either from left-to-right or right-to-left.
Associativity Type | Operators |
Left-Associative Operators | +, -, *, / |
Right-Associative Operators | **, = |
The associativity rule is an indispensable part of understanding how Python evaluates expressions. Failure to understand this can lead to subtle, hard-to-catch errors in your code. It's crucial for a professional developer or data scientist to have a firm grip on these rules to write logical and error-free code effectively.
Understanding both operator precedence and associativity allows you to write expressions in Python that are not only syntactically correct but also logically sound. These rules ensure that your Python code behaves as expected, which is especially crucial when working with complex mathematical and logical operations. So, the next time you come across a complex expression, you'll know exactly how Python will interpret it, making debugging and problem-solving significantly easier.
x = 5
y = 10
# Equality
result1 = x == y # False
# Inequality
result2 = x != y # True
# Less than
result3 = x < y # True
# Greater than or equal to
result4 = x >= y # False
x = True
y = False
# Logical AND
result1 = x and y # False
# Logical OR
result2 = x or y # True
# Logical NOT
result3 = not x # False
a = 10
b = 3
# Addition
addition_result = a + b # 13
# Subtraction
subtraction_result = a - b # 7
# Multiplication
multiplication_result = a * b # 30
# Division
division_result = a / b # 3.3333333333333335
# Modulus
modulus_result = a % b # 1
# Exponentiation
exponentiation_result = a ** b # 1000
# Floor Division
floor_division_result = a // b # 3
x = 5 # 0b101 (binary representation)
y = 3 # 0b011 (binary representation)
# Bitwise AND
bitwise_and_result = x & y # 1 (binary: 0b001)
# Bitwise OR
bitwise_or_result = x | y # 7 (binary: 0b111)
# Bitwise XOR
bitwise_xor_result = x ^ y # 6 (binary: 0b110)
# Bitwise NOT (inverts all bits)
bitwise_not_result = ~x # -6 (binary: 0b11111111111111111111111111111010)
# Left Shift
left_shift_result = x << 2 # 20 (binary: 0b10100)
# Right Shift
right_shift_result = x >> 1 # 2 (binary: 0b10)
x = 10
# Addition Assignment
x += 5 # Equivalent to x = x + 5, x is now 15
# Subtraction Assignment
x -= 3 # Equivalent to x = x - 3, x is now 12
# Multiplication Assignment
x *= 2 # Equivalent to x = x * 2, x is now 24
# Division Assignment
x /= 4 # Equivalent to x = x / 4, x is now 6.0
# Modulus Assignment
x %= 5 # Equivalent to x = x % 5, x is now 1.0
# Exponentiation Assignment
x **= 3 # Equivalent to x = x ** 3, x is now 1.0
# Floor Division Assignment
x //= 2 # Equivalent to x = x // 2, x is now 0.0
In Python, operators have different precedence levels. The precedence determines the order in which these operators are evaluated in complex expressions. For example, the general precedence for logical operators from highest to lowest is:
1. not
2. and
3. or
You can use parentheses to control the order of evaluation if needed.
Here is an example:
Code:
x = True
y = False
z = True
result = x or y and not z # Equivalent to: x or (y and (not z))
In this example, not has the highest precedence, followed by and, and then or. Therefore, y and not z is evaluated first, and then the result is combined with x using or.
Using parentheses allows us to explicitly specify the order of evaluation and helps in retaining operator precedence. This is especially useful in complex expressions to ensure the desired behavior.
Here is another example:
x = True
y = False
z = True
result1 = (x or y) and not z # Equivalent to: (x or y) and (not z)
result2 = x or (y and not z) # Equivalent to: x or (y and (not z))
In this example as well, parentheses are again used to clarify the order of evaluation for the logical operators, ensuring that the desired precedence is retained.
Mastering operator precedence in Python will significantly enhance your coding skills and reduce bugs in your programs. For those keen on mastering Python and taking their skills to the next level, upGrad has a range of courses tailored to the needs of professionals. Take your next step in becoming an expert Python programmer by enrolling in one of these comprehensive courses.
1. What is the Order of Precedence in Python?
Python's built-in rules define the order, as detailed in our Python operator precedence Table.
2. Is operator precedence in Python different from other languages?
Yes, Python has unique rules, unlike languages like C++ or Java.
3. How does PEMDAS work in Python?
PEMDAS is a rule set for remembering the order of operations in Python.
4. What is the associativity rule in Python?
Associativity rules dictate the sequence in which operators with the same precedence level are evaluated.
5. Are there advanced Python courses?
Absolutely, upGrad offers a variety of advanced Python courses designed for professionals.
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Director of Engineering
Director of Engineering @ upGrad. Motivated to leverage technology to solve problems. Seasoned leader for startups and fast moving orgs. Working …Read More
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upGrad does not grant credit; credits are granted, accepted or transferred at the sole discretion of the relevant educational institution offering the diploma or degree. We advise you to enquire further regarding the suitability of this program for your academic, professional requirements and job prospects before enr...