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    DevOps Course Overview

    What Is DevOps?

    The term ‘DevOps’ does not have a specific academic definition. However, three researchers of computer science, namely Len Bass, Liming Zhu and Ingo Weber from the Software Engineering Institute and the CSIRO, defined DevOps as an assortment of practices aimed to shorten the timespan between making a change in a system and the change placed in normal production, while making sure that the quality remains. It is a combination of particular practices, tools and changes in culture.

    Why Is Devops Important?

    Simply put, DevOps is a culmination of development (Dev) teams and operations (Ops) teams. It is more like an organisational approach ensuring better and faster application development and easy maintenance of existing operations. DevOps builds stronger bonds between Development, Operations and various company stakeholders. Doing so promotes shorter, easy iterations to control by adopting good practices, new tools and automation. DevOps is not necessarily a technology if you want to give it a proper definition. It is more of a holistic umbrella that covers everything, from the organisation to the culture, the tooling and the processes. In the initial phase, the CI/CD, continuous integration and delivery, incident response systems, concurrent monitoring, and cooperative platforms are given the utmost priority.


    DevOps is an integral part of an organisation because of its approach to software development and operations, enabling quick development of new products and better maintenance of the deployments. In recent years, statistics and research have shown the rapid growth of DevOps. As per the IDC forecasts, the software market of DevOps worldwide is expected to reach around $6.6 billion in 2022, from $2.9 billion in the year 2017. DevOps adoption by companies depends entirely on the enterprise investment in software and software-driven innovations, adopting microservices-based architectures and related developmental procedures. It also increases investment in cooperative and automated development of applications and operational processes by CEOs and CTOs.

    How Does DevOps Work?

    Teams working on the development and operations under a DevOps model are no longer isolated. Often, these two teams are joined in one where engineers are responsible for working on the application lifecycle, covering end-to-end development operations.

    In many DevOps models, the quality and security teams are merged and closely integrated with the development and operations throughout the application's lifecycle. Where security is focused on by all DevOps team members, they are referred to as DevSecOps.

    These teams automate manual processes that are historically known to be slow. A DevOps team is trained to use technology stacks and tools for reliable development and eventual evolution. These tools are designed to aid engineers in accomplishing their tasks independently without seeking help from different teams, thereby increasing the team's velocity in the long run.

    The Advantages Of DevOps

    Advantages of devops

    The benefits of adopting DevOps as an organisational structure are undeniably huge. The reasons are listed below:-

    • Increases Productivity with Automation: DevOps in an organisation fuels business transformation by encompassing people, processes and change in culture. A DevOps comprises the best strategies required for influencing structural improvements for building the community. For a DevOps initiative to be successful, it should initiate a change in culture or mindset for greater collaboration between numerous teams and automation for achieving business goals.

    • Perfects the Whole Business: According to Patrick Debois, the DevOps initiative's creator, DevOps insights optimise the entire system of a running business and not just isolated sectors such as IT departments to adhere to the needs of the customer and the business.

    • Increases Stability and Speed of Software Deployment and Development: DevOps has reportedly contributed to the speed and stability of software development/deployment in organisations. It has also significantly impacted lead time in software development, deployment frequency, restoration time, and availability leading to better software performance and delivery.

    • Makes The Organisation More People-Oriented: People are more important in a DevOps initiative than tools that lead a company to success. For instance, a DevOps evangelist symbolises a persuasive captain and spokesperson responsible for DevOps endorsement, sharing details and erasing misconceptions around its use.

    Challenges Faced By DevOps

    Devops ChallengesDespite being one of the most rapidly adopted initiatives, DevOps has its own set of challenges. Below are some of the challenges faced in a DevOps initiative

    • Selecting the Right Metrics can be Challenging: Organisations adopting DevOps practices must use metrics for pinpointing the progress, documenting success, and unravelling areas needing improvement. 

    • Limited Funds: DevOps initiatives face obstacles like limited funds to combine previously isolated teams, altering and reallocating job roles and overall adjusting to this structure.

    • Complexity: Incorporating a DevOps model in an organisation can be quite complex.  For instance, IT leaders might find it difficult to narrate their business values to the primary executives. When it comes to governance, standardisation and centralisation might not lead to the desired results.

    • Unrealistic Goals: Adopting DevOps comes with many initial challenges, and one such challenge is setting goals and expectations. Setting impractical or half-baked tracking metrics and expectations clashing with business goals is bound to lead to failure

    Why Do We Need DevOps?

    DevOps is experiencing undeniable growth as a largely adopted business initiative globally. It has taken off considerably, and as per the Global Market Insights report of 2020, DevOps’ market valuation by 2026 will reach $17 billion. As of now, it has proven its worth exponentially in promoting smaller spans for development life cycles, lesser failures in deployment, betterment of communication and reduced prices.


    Companies with automated DevOps structures have successfully handled themselves during the global disruption due to Covid-19, whereas those without any DevOps mechanism seemed to have considerably struggled. The Aftermath of Covid-19 enabled many companies to adopt the DevOps model by getting the right processes and tools to make it successful.


    DevOps promotes an ‘automating everything’ mindset that works as its selling point worldwide. Although we cannot automate everything, and many factors can lead to the DevOps model failure, it is undeniably an effective choice, perceiving its future potential.

    Tools Of DevOps

    Devops Tools
    DevOps
    Tools are applications designed to automate software development and primarily focus on communication and cooperation between teams. Some of the most widely used DevOps tools are listed below:-


    1. Slack:  This is one of the best communication tools for effective communication and cooperation between teams. It is mainly utilised by technical organisations to provide detailed insights to every team member on the workflow.


    2. Jenkins:  Jenkins is an open-source server specialising in continuous integration, automating the software development lifecycle. It offers a Pipeline feature to automatically archive code, run test cases, and get reports. This tool also provides instant feedback. 


    3. Docker: Docker provides secure packaging, running and deploying applications without depending on the running environment. It is the centre of containerisation, an IT trend adopted by many companies


    4. Phantom: Phantom ensures maximum security, one of the major concerns of DevOps teams. Developers widely use the Phantom tool for building a strong infrastructure with high levels of defence from the very first stage of SDLC, thereby mitigating any risks. 


    5. Nagios:  Nagios is a monitoring tool that helps monitor servers, applications and the business infrastructure. This tool is widely used in the backend by large organisations with a huge number of circuitry such as routers, switches, servers, etc. 


    6. Vagrant: This tool is mainly used for working with and managing virtual machines in one workflow. Team members using Vagrant can share an environment for running software and even test applications quicker, taking a very short time setting up and configuring.


    7. Ansible:  Ansible’s configuration management and IT orchestration tools are readily available in the market. Most importantly, Ansible has a softer user outlook and doesn’t take up many of the device’s resources. 


    8. GitHub:  GitHub has remained one of the best and most widely used DevOps tools for easier team collaboration. Developers use GitHub to make rapid changes to the code, as the platform delivers the notification of any changes to other team members, too.  


    9. Sentry:  Sentry is widely used by companies like Microsoft and Uber for bug or error detection. It is a free tool that supports many programming languages like IOS, Ruby, JavaScript, and the like. It continuously scans code line by line and sends notifications immediately when it detects an error.


    10. BitBucket:  This tool is similar to GitHub and helps project code management in the software development cycle. It is comparatively less costly and has an added feature of the private repository.

    DevOps Benefits


    DevOps Vs Agile Methodology

    Parameter

    DevOps

    Definition

    DevOps is a method of bringing the development (Dev) and the operation (Ops) teams.

    Purpose

    DevOps aims to manage engineering processes thoroughly.

    Task

    Focused on continuous testing and delivery.

    Team size

    The team size is large and includes all the stack holders.

    Team skillset

    Divides and divides the skills between the development team and the operation team.

    Implementation

    DevOps emphasises collaboration and therefore has no commonly accepted framework.

    Duration

    Aims to deliver code daily to production or within every few hours.

    Target areas

    Focus on fast delivery and end-to-end business solutions.

    Feedback

    The internal teel gives feedback.

    Shift Left Principle

    It supports both left and right variations.

    Focus

    Focused on business and operational readiness.

    Importance

    In DevOps, developing, testing, and implementing are all integral.

    Quality

    DevOps leads to improve quality with automation and quick bug removal. Developers need to use coding and good architectural practices to maintain quality.

    Tools

    Puppet, AWS, Chef,  team City OpenStack and Ansible have widely used DevOps tools.

    Automation

    DevOps’ primary purpose is to automate everything. Its principle is based on maximising efficiency during software deployment.

    Communication

    DevOps communication includes specs and design documents. The operational team needs to fully understand the software release and the network implications for the smooth running of the deployment process.

    Documentation

    Process documentation is primary because it sends the software to an operational team for deployment. Automation lessens the impact of inadequate documentation. However, transferring all the required knowledge can be quite difficult in developing complex software.


    Parameter

    Agile

    Definition

    Agile is more like a continuous repetitive approach based on collaboration, small and rapid releases and customer feedback.

    Purpose

    Agile aims to only manage complicated projects.

    Task

    Focused on continuous changes.

    Team size

    The team size is small. The smaller the team, the faster is their movement.

    Team skillset

    Agile focuses on training every team member to have a variety of equal or similar skills.

    Implementation

    Agile can be implemented in a range of strategic frameworks like scrum, safe, and sprint.

    Duration

    Management of development is done in units of sprints, making the time less than one month for one sprint.

    Target areas

    Focuses on software development.

    Feedback

    In Agile, feedback comes directly from the customer.

    Shift Left Principle

    It supports shift left only.

    Focus

    Focused on non-functional and functional readiness.

    Importance

    Agile focuses primarily on developing software.

    Quality

    Agile provides better applications suited to the desired requirements. It is adaptable to the changes made on time within the project life cycle.

    Tools

    Kanboard, Bugzilla, and JIRA are some of the widely used Agile tools.

    Automation

    Agile does not focus on automation.

    Communication

    Scrum is the most widely used method of implementing agile software development. Scrum meetings are carried out every day.

    Documentation

    Agile prioritises the working system rather than the complete documentation and requires you to be responsive and flexible. However, it can be harmful while changing over to another team for deployment.


    How To Start DevOps?

    how to start devopsThere are seven key steps for successfully starting DevOps ranging from strategic and systematic planning, selection of appropriate tools, automation, continuous opportunities for learning and pilot projects. They are elucidated below:-


    1. Make a transformation guideline for DevOps:  Before adopting DevOps, always keep a roadmap in hand. In this plan, map out the initial DevOps stages step by step to strategise its actions in real-time. Publish this roadmap and the related documentation in one location where the team members have direct access to the content at their convenience. Ensure the added details are comprehensible. Stakeholders can see the guidelines and ask questions, whereas the IT teams can view the next steps in transformation. 


    2. Choose the right DevOps toolchain: Before starting DevOps, choosing a toolchain is a mandate. DevOps cannot be physically bought; therefore, manual tool selection is essential to take the developers' requirements, technology stacks and integrations into account. This process also includes security and licensing exercises. For cloud-based toolchains, organisations need to make a model of the spending distribution. DevOps toolchains can also be a vector for middleman attacks. For implementing new toolchain phases, you need to consult the security team as well. 


    3. Incorporate strategies and tools for cultural transformation: A few challenges come with the initial adoption of DevOps as an initiative. To counter these challenges, companies must have the proper tools and strategies to initiate a business transformation successfully. 


    4. Automate processes:  Setting automation goals according to priority is better than automating all processes in one go. This approach also helps IT admins collaborate with the different teams directly to help them feel comfortable with the changes brought about by the automation of their tasks. 


    5. Emphasise data analytics:  With the help of modern DevOps tools, IT teams manage large actionable data sets generated via toolchains. Harness the DevOps data to enhance communication between the IT teams, stakeholders and members of the various departments. One good practice is to set up a dashboard that reports to the stakeholders. This reduces project leads' workload because they are no longer required to generate management reports manually.


    6. Try with a small pilot project first:  In the initial stage of introducing a DevOps setting in the company, it is always advisable to run it with a pilot project to try out new tools and reduce the risks drawn by a malfunction in the large project.


    7. Prepare for continuous learning and development:  The DevOps process traditionally has no last step. DevOps processes and tools have a continuous delivery process. Teams are required consistently to take lessons and upskill.

    DevOps In the IT Industry And Its Future

    Needless to say, DevOps has a bright future in the field of business. IT professionals and developers are constantly looking for means to increase the IT infrastructure, develop new capabilities for new technology, reduce costs, and avoid issues with cloud vendors. Without a proper traffic strategy, the health of the IT infrastructure, data centres and customer experiences are fated to downfall.


    With the multi-cloud global environment integration, the need to create more applications native to this cloud is increasing. Teams are constantly under pressure to develop and deploy services, which is where the DevOps structure comes in handy. DevOps’ main purpose was to connect IT professionals and developers with end consumers. People working in the DevOps industry can easily detect technological flaws and rectify mistakes quickly. What makes the DevOps teams different is that a DevOps professional collaborates with people from all across the stakeholder’s path.


    Hence, when the prospect of potential technological breakthroughs with DevOps is brought up, the first thing considered is multi-cloud environment integration. The idea will enable teams to pursue innovative ideas in a supportive and lucrative space. Newer tools and platforms are constantly cropping up and will keep coming in the near future, aiming to tackle the mundanity of the current ones. These developmental changes, paired with automation, AI, and other innovations, are bound to make DevOps a lucrative and exciting field to pursue. 

    Why It’s Important For A Career?

    why is devops important for career
    The future of
    DevOps looks quite promising and lucrative as companies are steadily accepting this methodology and adopting it as their own. DevOps methodologies, tools and technologies are also subject to change. It has revolutionised the industry and is a great career choice for enthusiasts in this field. Here’s why!

    • DevOps in the security field: The field of security faces a problem with automation. The more the automation is integrated, the greater the chances of facing problems related to automating. Therefore, more research and innovation are being done in this field, making it a potentially lucrative field for the future. There is enormous scope in the security field for integrating the DevOps philosophy.

    • AI/ML in DevOps: The software development lifecycle was revolutionised with the DevOps initiative, microservices architecture and cloud-native approach. It has simplified testing and production environments, where developers get to see the problems before deploying the applications. Integrating ML and AI into the DevOps pipelines allows running builds and automation with better control and ease.

    • Automation for all companies: A large number of companies are transforming into IT companies with certain services necessary for DevOps initiation. The software is one of the most valuable elements in a company responsible for bringing in sales and taking the business further. Therefore, software deployment and infrastructure automation are the keys to successful modern businesses. 

    • Container Technology: Container technology is another integral element of the rapidly evolving technology sector, emerging faster with time. Containers are used in numerous ways to reap unending opportunities for user security improvement, performing user analytics and system security. 

    • Platform as a Service (PaaS): Platform as a service, often called PaaS, is a rapidly advancing field with many applications adhering to DevOps concepts without building a whole infrastructure.

    • Job as a code: The development-to-operations process is still manual and monotonous. However, it is expected that the DevOps philosophy will emphasise “jobs-as-code”, especially in the software delivery lifecycle. This potential instrumentation for coding automation could shorten the time gap between development and operations

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    Frequently Asked Questions about DevOps

    What are the primary components of DevOps?

    A successfully operating DevOps framework includes the following mandatory components:-

    • Management of source control
    • Framework for CI/CD
    • Framework for testing codes
    • Building tools of automation

    What are the five main pillars of DevOps?

    Fundamentally, DevOps is a culmination of cultural methodologies and practices that directly influence automation processes related to software development for building, testing, deploying, and managing business operations. DevOps can be broken into five key pillars that support it:-

    • Automation
    • Cloud-Native
    • Culture
    • Security
    • Observability

    Is DevOps a methodology?

    DevOps is ideally a methodology or a collection of cultural methodologies aimed to improve work processes in the life cycle of software development. The DevOps process is a never-ending loop comprising the following steps in order:-

    •  Plan
    • Code
    • Build
    • Test
    • Release
    • Deploy
    • Operate
    • Monitor 
    • Receive feedback and plan to reset the loop.

    What are the key benefits of DevOps?

    DevOps practice allows fast and competent product deliveries with shorter development cycles, high deployment frequency and more reliable releases per corporate goals.

    What is the DevOps toolchain?

    The efficient "DevOps toolchain" consists of major components such as Code, Build, Test, Package, Release, Configure, and Monitor. Continuous Integration and Infrastructure as a Code are also important components.

    What are the goals of DevOps?

    The DevOps delivery pipeline guarantees a higher mean recovery time, a reduced failure rate for new releases, and a faster deployment frequency. DevOps seeks to accelerate development and deployment cycles for increased dependability and security through continuous testing, quality testing, feature development, and maintenance releases.

    What is the difference between DevOps and DevSecOps?

    DevOps is the collaboration of Development and Operations teams, dismantling the silos. DevSecOps is an extension of DevOps that emphasises security, with security being incorporated throughout the entire process chain. DevSecOps addressed the security issues that the DevOps culture encountered.

    Does DevOps require coding?

    Yes. Usually. Applications carry out the instructions provided by the code. There is no application without code. That code must be written and revised in order for the program to adapt to new requirements. Perhaps something could be delivered by purchased software. However, there is a difference between configuring software and coding.

    Is learning DevOps hard?

    Compared to any other new approach to working, it is neither tough nor easy. Even when you want to change, there are behaviour patterns, attitudes, and habits which you need to adjust. This all requires time and deliberate effort, which is why most people find change difficult. Therefore, transitioning to a DevOps culture will feel different, which can be challenging for some. DevOps will take adjustment if you are accustomed to working alone, to being evaluated independently rather than as a team, and especially if you have viewed your coworkers as rivals for promotion. But if you succeed, the effort will be worthwhile because most people's lives will be made easier by the friendly environment you create at work.

    Is DevOps simple to learn?

    DevOps is simple to learn, but it can take some time to grasp because it requires a change in mindset and behaviour. You can become familiar with the technical terms, such as three ways, agile manifesto, etc. and the technical practices such as continuous integration, delivery, release, deployment, monitoring, and configuration management tools. This will all help, and this would be a breeze for freshers from college.

    Can I learn DevOps online?

    Yes, it is most likely the most effective approach right now. Online training is available from all of the top training providers. There are many options available if you simply conduct an online search. Consider what, when, and how you want to study as you would with any course to begin to focus your search. The price and availability vary just like the languages.

    Are DevOps and Agile the same?

    Agile is not equal to DevOps, no. Agile can, however, is incorporated into DevOps. Here are a few features that set them apart.

    Agile is a method for creating software. The agile team doesn't worry about the performance of the software once it has been produced and released; instead, they move on to the next sprint.

    DevOps is all about software development, planning its release, and its deployment. Software development in DevOps doesn't have to follow the agile methodology. It might also employ the waterfall development process.

    What is TOSCA in DevOps?

    TOSCA in DevOps refers to Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications. This article addresses a gap in continuous testing hosted on cloud-based apps and services. The objectives of TOSCA include a decrease in bugs that escape detection, a decrease in the cost of rework, and a quicker feedback cycle.

    What are DevOps's top continuous integration (CI) tools?

    The top 6 open source CI server tools are Jenkins, Buildbot, Travis CI, Strider, Go and Integrity.

    What is the use of Jenkins in DevOps?

    Jenkins is a software development tool for continuous integration. It has become the open source standard in the development side of the DevOps methodology – right from managing source codes to delivering the code to the operations team. It aids in accelerating development while simultaneously enhancing quality.

    How difficult is AWS DevOps certification?

    A thorough understanding of the AWS infrastructure and tools is necessary to pass this challenging exam. Although it is entirely focused on the AWS platform, individuals who pass it are generally thought to have spent their time, money, and pain well. It is undoubtedly a benefit for individuals working in the AWS DevOps environment and should be within the capabilities of an experienced engineer.

    Is DevOps technical?

    Though it shouldn't, this is often the case in organisations. Although DevOps is more than just automation, it is dependent on and ineffective without it. Therefore, technical expertise and abilities are required to get the most out of reliable automated software products.

    DevOps is an IT strategy focusing on developing and maintaining applications that benefit the business. This always involves writing IT code or, at the very least, ensuring that code works and provides the desired results. Once more, this entails some technical dependence and the consequent requirement for technical understanding. Once an engine is built, an engineer is required.