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Step by Step Java Tutorial Con…
1. Introduction to Java
2. What is Java?
3. History of Java
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12 mins read
4. Java Tutorial for Beginners
5. How Do Java Programs Work?
6. JDK in Java
7. C++ Vs Java
8. Java vs. Python
9. Java vs. JavaScript
10. From Java Source Code to Executable
11. How to Install Java in Linux
12. How to Install Java in Windows 10
13. Java Hello World Program
14. Structure of Java Program and Java Syntax
15. Operators in Java
16. Java If-else
17. Switch Case In Java
18. Loops in Java
19. Infinite loop in Java
20. For Loop in Java
21. For Each Loop in Java
22. Constructor in Java
23. Constructor Overloading in Java
24. Copy Constructor in Java
25. Default Constructor in Java
26. Parameterized Constructors in Java
27. Constructor Chaining In Java
28. Finalize Method in Java
29. Static Method in Java
30. Equals Method in Java
31. Abstract Method in Java
32. toString() Method in Java
33. Difference between equals method in Java
34. Inheritance in Java
35. Multiple Inheritance in Java
36. Hierarchical Inheritance in Java
37. Java Classes and Objects
38. Scanner Class in java
39. All classes in java are inherited from which class
40. What is Nested Class in Java
41. POJO Class in Java
42. Anonymous Class in Java
43. Final Class in Java
44. Object Class in Java
45. Packages in Java
46. Access Modifiers in Java
47. Static Keyword In Java
48. Final Keyword in Java
49. Checked and Unchecked Exceptions in Java
50. User Defined Exception in Java
51. Error vs. Exception in Java
52. Java Collection
53. Collections in Java
54. Garbage Collection in Java
55. Generics In Java
56. Java Interfaces
57. Functional Interface in Java
58. Marker Interface in Java
59. Streams in Java
60. Byte stream in java
61. File Handling in Java
62. Thread in Java
63. Thread Lifecycle In Java
64. Daemon Thread in Java
65. Thread Priority in Java
66. Deadlock in Java
67. String Pool in Java
68. Java Database Connectivity(JDBC)
69. Design Patterns in Java
70. Functional Programming in Java
71. OOP vs Functional vs Procedural
72. Heap Memory and Stack Memory in Java
73. Applet in Java
74. Java Swing
75. Java Frameworks
76. Hibernate Framework
77. JUnit Testing
78. How to Install Eclipse IDE for Java?
79. Command line arguments in Java
80. Jar file in Java
81. Java Clean Code
82. OOPs Concepts in Java
83. Java OOPs Concepts
84. Overloading vs Overriding in Java
85. Java 8 features
86. String in Java
87. String to int in Java
88. Why String Is Immutable in Java?
89. Primitive Data Types in Java
90. Non-Primitive Data Types in Java
91. This and Super Keyword in Java
92. HashMap in Java
93. Comparable And Comparator in Java
94. Type Casting in Java
95. Arrays Sort in Java with Examples
96. Variable Hiding and Variable Shadowing in Java
97. Enum in Java
98. Substring in Java
99. Pattern Programs in Java
100. Hashcode in Java
101. What is ByteCode in Java?
102. How To Take Input From User in Java
103. GCD of Two Numbers in Java
104. Linked List in Java
105. Arithmetic Operators in Java
106. Conditional Operators in Java
107. Stack and Queue in Java
108. Array Length in Java
109. Number Pattern Program in Java
110. Split in java
111. Map In Java
112. Difference Between Throw and Throws in Java
113. Difference Between Data Hiding and Abstraction
114. HashSet in Java
115. String Length in Java
116. Factorial Using Recursion in Java
117. DateFormat in Java
118. StringBuilder Class in java
119. Instance variables in Java
120. Java List Size
121. Java APIs
122. Reverse an Array in Java
123. StringBuffer and StringBuilder Difference in Java
124. Java Program to Add Two Numbers
125. String to Array in Java
126. Regular Expressions in Java
127. Identifiers in Java
128. Data Structures in Java
129. Set in Java
130. Pass By Value and Call By Reference in Java
131. Try Catch in Java
132. Bubble Sort in Java
133. Caesar Cipher Program in Java
134. Queue in Java
135. Object Creation in Java
136. Multidimensional Array in Java
137. How to Read a File in Java
138. String Comparison in Java
139. Volatile Keyword in Java
140. Control Statements in Java
141. Jagged Array in Java
142. Two-Dimensional Array in Java
143. Java String Format
144. Replace in Java
145. charAt() in Java
146. CompareTo in Java
147. Matrix Multiplication in Java
148. Static Variable in Java
149. Event Handling in Java
150. parseInt in Java
151. Java ArrayList forEach
152. Abstraction in Java
153. String Input in Java
154. Logical Operators in Java
155. instanceof in Java
156. Math Floor in Java
157. Selection Sort Java
158. int to char in Java
159. Stringtokenizer in java
160. Implementing and Manipulating Abs in Java
161. Char array to string in java
162. Convert Double To String In Java
163. Deque in Java
164. Converting a List to an Array in Java
165. The Max function in java
166. Removing whitespace from string in java
167. String arrays in Java
168. Strings in Java Vs Strings in Cpp
169. Sum of digits of a number in Java
170. Art of Graphical User Interfaces
171. Trim in Java
172. RxJava
173. Recursion in Java
174. HashSet Java
175. Difference Between Java and Python
176. Square Root in Java
177. Reverse A String in Java
178. Even Odd Program in Java
179. Fibonacci Series in Java
180. Prime Number Program in Java
181. Java Program to Print Prime Numbers in a Given Range
182. Java Leap Year Program
183. Swapping of Two Numbers in Java
184. LCM of Two Numbers in Java
185. Math.sqrt() Function in Java
186. Area of Triangle in Java
187. Sort a String In Java
188. Factorial Program in Java
189. Javafx
190. Lambda expression in java
191. Setup Java Home and IDE on macOS
Welcome to the exciting world of Java! An enthusiast might not need an introduction to Java. It is more than just a programming language. Java is a platform for creating a diverse range of applications. From mobile apps to web services and games, Java offers tools to bring your digital vision to life.
First, let's demystify what Java is. Think of it as a set of instructions that tell computers what to do. It's like a recipe for your system, guiding it to execute tasks accurately and efficiently. Known for its 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' feature, Java code can work on various platforms without the need for recompilation. Continue reading this Java tutorial to learn more.
We'll be time-traveling to the '90s when a team from Sun Microsystems sparked a programming revolution. Meet the 'Green Team' - the dreamers and creators of Java.
They initially set out to craft a language for gadgets like televisions and phones. But destiny had grander plans! They gave birth to a programming language in 1995, making an introduction to Java, which shook the foundations of the programming universe.
Here's the real magic of Java: its 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' feature. It means a developer can whip up code just once, and it will run on any device.
But Java didn't rest on its laurels. It kept changing, morphing to fit the digital world's ever-evolving demands. Java went from breathing life into business servers to steering Android app development, making its mark everywhere.
Today, it stands tall as one of the most popular programming languages globally.
Programming languages are a lot like tools in a toolbox; each one has its own unique strength, and choosing the right one depends on your project. Today, we'll examine the characteristics of three popular languages: Java, C++, and Python.
Feature | Java | C++ | Python |
Syntax Simplicity | Moderately complex syntax | More complex syntax | Simple, English-like syntax |
Speed | Generally slower than C++, but faster than Python | Outperforms Java and Python | Relatively slower |
Memory Management | Automatic (Garbage collection) | Manual | Automatic |
Portability | Excellent (JVM) | Requires more care due to system-level access | Good, but dependent on Python interpreters |
Use | Enterprise-scale applications, Android development, web applications | Game development, real-time systems, high-performance applications | Data analysis, machine learning, web development, scripting |
Start by going to the official Oracle's Java download page at www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-jdk11-downloads.html
Depending on your operating system, choose the right Java Development Kit (JDK) download link. (In this example, we will proceed with the Windows OS)
Click on the download link next to your operating system. Accept the license agreement if required, and then the download should start.
As soon as your download is complete, you'll need to find the installer file. Double-click the installer to run it.
An installation wizard will guide you through the process. Just follow the instructions, which usually involve accepting the terms and conditions.
You will typically have the option to choose where you want the JDK installed. If you're unsure, just go with the default location that the installer suggests.
The installer will then copy the necessary files to your system.
Open a command prompt and type java -version. If Java is installed correctly, it will display the version.
If you installed Java with the default settings, the Java Development Kit (JDK) should be in a specific location on your computer based on your operating system. On Windows, it is typically under C:\Program Files\Java\jdk<version>.
You need to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to point to your JDK installation directory.
Windows:
This step allows you to run the Java command from any directory without having to type the full path of the command.
Windows:
4. Verify the Setup
Start with the official Eclipse download page at www.eclipse.org/downloads
Click on the "Download Packages" link if you prefer a specific version like "Eclipse IDE for Java Developers" or "Eclipse IDE for Enterprise Java Developers". If you're not sure, you can download the "Eclipse Installer," which will provide you with options later.
Ensure you're downloading the right version for your operating system.
Click on the download link, and it should start automatically.
Locate the installer file and double-click to run it.
If you downloaded the "Eclipse Installer," you will see a selection of different packages to install, such as "Eclipse IDE for Java Developers" or "Eclipse IDE for Enterprise Java Developers." Choose the one that you need.
Choose the location where you want Eclipse to be installed.
The installer will then copy the necessary files to your system. When it's finished, it will tell you that Eclipse has been successfully installed.
You can now run Eclipse from the start menu or the shortcut created on your desktop.
You can verify the installation by launching Eclipse and creating a new project to make sure everything works as expected.
Remember, Eclipse requires a compatible version of Java JDK installed on your computer.
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development environment. It is used for developing Java applications and applets. It is an official development package released by Oracle Corporation and includes the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), an interpreter/loader (Java), a compiler (javac), an archiver (jar), a documentation generator (javadoc), among other tools needed in Java development.
Getting started with the Eclipse IDE involves many steps, from creating a new project to writing and running your first Java program. Here's a step-by-step guide:
Start Eclipse. Upon launch, it will ask you to select a workspace, which is a folder where your projects and their files will be stored. Choose a directory that's easy for you to access.
Go to the 'File' menu, choose 'New', and then select 'Java Project'. A window will open where you can name your project. Fill in your desired project name, tick the "Use default location" checkbox, and click 'Finish.'
In the 'Package Explorer' on the left side of the IDE, you should now see your new project. Right-click on 'src' under your project, go to 'New', and select 'Class.' Provide a name for your class as per Java naming conventions and check the 'public static void main(String[] args)' option. This tells Eclipse to create a main method in your class, which is the entry point for any Java application. Click 'Finish.'
In Java, Strings are objects that represent sequences of characters. The ‘java.lang.String’ class creates and manipulates strings.
There are two ways to create Strings in Java:
Here, 'Hello' is a string literal. The String object s is being assigned to hold 'Hello.' In this case, Java will use an existing "Hello" string from the "String Constant Pool" or create a new one there if it doesn't exist.
Here, a new String object s is created in the heap memory with the value 'Hello'.
The String class comes with numerous methods for manipulating strings. Here are a few examples:
Here's a simple example of using some of these methods:
This code will output:
Strings in Java are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed once created. A new String object is created every time you perform an operation on a string.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) | JIT (Just-In-Time Compiler) | |
Definition | JVM is a virtual machine that provides a runtime environment to execute Java bytecode. It's part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). | JIT is a part of JVM that improves the performance of Java applications by compiling bytecodes into machine language at runtime. |
Function | Main function is to interpret the compiled Java binary code (.class file) line by line and execute the program. | JIT compiles parts of the bytecode that have similar functionality and reduces the amount of time needed for compilation. |
Platform | It is platform-dependent, which means a separate JVM is needed for each operating system. | JIT is a part of JVM and is thus is also platform-dependent. |
Performance | Due to its interpretive nature, the JVM is generally slower in execution. | JIT significantly improves the performance of Java applications by reducing the amount of time needed for compilation. |
Compilation | JVM interprets bytecode into machine code at runtime. | JIT compiles bytecode into machine code at runtime but does so more efficiently by compiling similar parts of bytecode at the same time. |
Memory | JVM uses more memory | It generally uses less memory than JVM. |
Java achieves platform independence through its use of bytecode and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM):
Java source code is compiled to platform-independent bytecode rather than platform-specific machine code.
The JVM, which is platform-dependent, interprets the bytecode and translates it to machine code that's specific to the underlying hardware and operating system. This allows the same Java program to run on any device equipped with a JVM, making Java "write once, run anywhere."
"Introduction to Java" is crucial for aspiring developers as it lays the foundation for understanding Java, one of the most widely-used programming languages. It equips them with key concepts like object-oriented programming and Java's syntax, aiding in developing robust applications. Furthermore, it provides the groundwork for grasping more complex Java frameworks and technologies.
The career opportunities for Java experts include Java Web Developer, Java Android Developer, Software Developer, Solutions Architect, Systems Analyst, etc.
Java is often the top pick for newbies because it's an object-oriented language. It helps you grasp key concepts used in many other languages. Its syntax has a lot in common with other popular languages, so once you've mastered Java, you'll find other languages a breeze.
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