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How to Rename Column Name in SQL
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Introduction We are surrounded by Data. We used to store information on paper in enormous file organizers. But eventually, we have come to store it online in what we call databases. This is where SQL comes into the picture.  It’s a language that speaks with databases. SQL stands for the structured query language, but it’s usually called SQL or Sequel. Essentially, it’s a language that helps us communicate with databases that store your data. On the off chance that you need to pull, alter, add data to an information base, you can utilize the language of SQL to do so. By altering data we mean, changing the table information that is created by us, like changing the row name, making change column name in SQL etc.  Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more If you’re about how it works, just think about a database as a warehouse, that’s how SQL works. Information tables act like file organizers and the actual information is like stored documents. Data is stored in this warehouse or database, and coding languages like C, C++, or Java are used to build warehouse databases. SQL is built to retrieve, manipulate, and access the data. Renaming a column name or table name is one of the most used commands on databases. SQL Server permits you to change the column whenever required. You need to rename column in SQL where the column name is meaningless or doesn’t meet its purpose. It should guarantee that ALTER permission is available on the object before you change column name in SQL. If you are wondering how to change column name in SQL server, you first need to be aware of the rules and restrictions.  Restrictions: Before you rename column in SQL, you must learn that SQL Server comes with certain restrictions. The reason is whenever you rename a column, all references to that column may not be renamed. So, you should manually change all objects belonging to the renamed column. Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp What is SQL?  SQL or structured query language is a programming language that stores and processes data in a relational database. This type of database is used for storing data in a tabular form, using columns and rows, representing the different data attributes as well as the different relations between the data values.  SQL statements can be used for storing, updating, removing, searching, and retrieving data from the database. This programming language can also be used for maintaining and optimizing the database performance.  Even though almost all database systems use SQL, most of these systems have additional extensions that can be only used for that particular system. However, standard commands like ‘insert’, ‘select’, ‘rename’, ‘change’, ‘drop’, ‘create’ etc can be used to accomplish several tasks.  The tables in SQL can be altered according to what you need. Among these, changing column name in SQL is a common practice. Later in this article, we will address how you can update column name in SQL with some of the keywords like ‘rename’ and ‘change’.  Let’s understand how to change column name in SQL with an example. Suppose you want to change a table’s column being referenced in a trigger. So, the trigger must be modified to show up the changes in the new column name too. Before changing the name, you can use the sys.sql_expression_dependencies to list the dependencies on the object.  RENAME is a crucial command that is one of the major parts of finding your answer to how to change the column name in SQL. Let’s get into a deeper understanding of how to use the RENAME command in SQL. Once you know about it, you will find out how to rename a column in SQL.  Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Check out upGrad: Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Learn Software Development Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Creating a table in SQL  Before we learn how to change column name in a table, let us first learn how to create a table in SQL. To create a table in SQL, we must use the CREATE command. Let us see the syntax and query for it:  Syntax:  Line 1: CREATE TABLE table_name ( Line 2:    Column 1 name data_type,  Line 3:    Column 2 name data_type,  Line 4: ); Query: Line 1: CREATE TABLE Students ( Line 2:     SID INT PRIMARY KEY,  Line 3:     SName VARCHAR (20) Line 4:     Marks INT,  Line 5: ); Let’s input some data into this table using the INSERT command:  Line 1: INSERT INTO Students (SID, SName, Marks) Line 2: VALUES  Line 3: (1, ‘Harry’, ‘70’), Line 4: (2, ‘Rick’, ‘50’), Line 5: (3, ‘Martha’,’80’), Line 6: (4, ‘Gwen’, ‘60’), Line 7: (5, ‘John’, ‘75’); On executing the above query, the result is:  Table name: Students SID SName Marks  1 Harry  70 2 Rick  50 3 Martha  80 4 Gwen  60 5 John  75 How to Rename Column Name in SQL?  Without causing any alterations to the datatype, you will be able to change name of column in SQL. Altering a column name can help in maintaining consistency, improving clarity, or including new data requirements.  In order to change column name in SQL, you will have to use the ALTER TABLE command. It will allow you to modify the structure of an existing table. The specific syntax might vary according to the DBMS in use.  General steps to change column name in SQL:  Step 1: Using the correct SQL command-line interface, connect to your database. Make sure that you can perform column name change in SQL existing table structure.  Step 2: Make sure that the table and column you want to rename are present.  Step 3: The ALTER TABLE command is used to change column name in SQL. To change a column name, you need to use the appropriate command specific to your database along with ALTER TABLE.  Step 4: Use the RENAME COLUMN or CHANGE command (according to your DBMS), to notify that you want to rename column name in SQL. Specify the current name of the column and the new name that you want. Step 5: Once the statement has been created, execute it to rename the column. Make sure that the statement is free of any errors and syntactically correct.  About the RENAME command in SQL What is RENAME command in SQL?  In often situations database administrators prefer changing the name of the table to the relevant one and here comes RENAME command. If you are wondering how to change column name in SQL server, this order is utilized to change the name of a column to another column name. It is likewise used to change the name of a table to another table name. Let us see how to utilize these keywords in various databases. Let us consider the below table to understand all the examples: Renaming Column Name in SQL The syntax to rename a column name in MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, and PostgreSQL is the same. 1. Renaming a column name using the ALTER keyword. Syntax: Line 1: ALTER TABLE TableName Line 2: RENAME COLUMN OldColumnName TO NewColumnName;         For Example: Write a query to rename the column name “SID” to “StudentsID”. Line 1: ALTER TABLE Students; Line 2: RENAME COLUMN SID TO StudentsID; On executing the above query, you will see the following output: Output: StudentsID SName Marks 1 Harry 70 2 Rick 50 3 Martha 80 4 Gwen 60 5 John 75  2. Renaming a column name using the CHANGE keyword. Syntax Line 1: ALTER TABLE TableName Line 2: CHANGE COLUMN OldColumnName NewColumnName Data Type; For Example: Write a query to rename the column name “SID” to “StudentsID”. Line 1: ALTER TABLE Students; Line 2: CHANGE COLUMN SID StudentsID INT; On executing this query, you will see the output the same as the above. Must Read: SQL Project Ideas Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript The Rename Column Name in MS SQL Server The technique to rename a section name in MS SQL Server is distinctive when contrasted with different databases. In MS SQL Server, you should utilize the stored procedure methodology called sp_rename. The technique to rename a section name in MS SQL Server is distinctive when contrasted with different databases. In MS SQL Server, you should utilize the stored procedure methodology called sp_rename. The standard stored procedure known as sp_rename modifies a user-created object’s name in the existing database. If you know how to rename column name in SQL server, also note that the user-created object can be a column, table, alias data type, index, etc. Stored procedures and scripts may be broken when we alter a certain part of an object’s name. It is recommended to drop the object and reform it using the new name instead of using this statement to alter the name of user-defined functions, triggers, views, stored procedures, etc. Syntax: Line 1: sp_rename ‘TableName.OldColumnName’, ‘New ColumnName’, ‘COLUMN’; For Example: Write a query to rename the column name “SID” to “StudentsID”. Line 1:  sp_rename ‘Students.SID’, ‘StudentsID’, ‘COLUMN’; Output: StudentsID SName Marks 1 Harry 70 2 Rick 50 3 Martha 80 4 Gwen 60 5 John 75 Renaming Multiple Columns in SQL  With MYSQL, you can rename column name in SQL with a single command. This can be done with the same RENAME TABLE and the CHANGE command.  Let us see the syntax for both:  Syntax for RENAME TABLE:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name Line 2: RENAME COLUMN old_column_name1 to new_column_name1, Line 3: RENAME COLUMN old_column_name2 to new_column_name2, Line 4: RENAME COLUMN old_column_name3 to new_column_name3; Syntax for CHANGE:  Line1: ALTER TABLE table_name Line 2: CHANGE old_column_name1 to new_column_name1, Line 3: CHANGE old_column_name2 to new_column_name2, Line 4: CHANGE old_column_name3 to new_column_name3; We will see an example of the same later in the blog. Now, that you know how to rename a column name in various databases, let us also understand how renaming a table name works. You can understand the practical implementation of how to rename column name in SQL server in the below ways: In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses What is the SELECT Command? The SELECT command in SQL is used for selecting data from a pre-existing table. Let us see the syntax and an example to understand.  Syntax:  Line 1: SELECT column_name FROM table_name; If you want to return all columns on a table, without having to mention every column’s name, you can use the SELECT* command.  Rename a table name To rename a table name in MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle databases, the RENAME command can used in SQL as: Syntax: Line 1: ALTER TABLE OldTableName Line 2: RENAME TO NewTableName; For Example: Line 1: ALTER TABLE Students Line 2: RENAME TO ListOfStudents; On executing the below SELECT query, you will get the complete details of the table ListOfStudents. Query: Line 1: SELECT * FROM ListOfStudents; Output: StudentsID SName Marks 1 Harry 70 2 Rick 50 3 Martha 80 4 Gwen 60 5 John 75 Also Read: SQL Interview Questions & Answers Here are several other methods to rename column name in SQL server:  Rename a column using Object Explorer Rename a column using Table Designer iii. Rename a column using Double click on the column name  Let’s understand each of them:  Rename a column using Object Explorer: Here are the steps to rename column name in SQL server using Object Explorer:  Step-1: Open the ‘Tables’ menu from ‘Databases’ and expand it. Step-2: Choose the specific table and expand it. Step-3: Choose the columns and expand them. Step-4: Now, right-click on the column name you want to modify and choose the ‘Rename’ option. Step-5: Give a new name to your selected column. Step-6: Refresh the table or database to complete the renaming steps. Step-7: Implement the SELECT statement to confirm the changed column name.  Steps to rename a column using Table Designer Here are the steps explaining how to change column name in SQL using Table Designer:  Step-1: Open the ‘Tables’ menu from ‘Databases’ and expand it. Step-2: Choose the specific table wherein you wish to modify the column name. Now you need to open the ‘Context’ menu and choose the ‘Design’ option. You will see the table in design mode. Step-3: Choose columns whose names you want to change. Give them a new name. Step-4: Click the ‘Close’ button and then the ‘Yes’ button in the pop-up window to save the changes you did in the design window. Note: You can also save the changes done in the design window. Open the ‘File’ menu, press CTRL+S on the keyboard, or click on the ‘Save table name’. Step-5: Implement the SELECT statement to confirm the changed column name.  iii. Steps to rename a column using Double click on the column name: Here are the steps explaining how to change column name in SQL by Double click on the column name:  Step-1: Follow this path: Databases > Tables > Columns. Step-2: Choose the column name you want to change and then double-click. Step-3: Give a name to your selected column. Step-4: Refresh the table or database to complete the renaming steps. Step-5: Implement the SELECT statement to confirm the changed column name. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? blogs Exceptions/Errors when renaming a column in SQL  If you are trying to update column name in SQL, certain errors or exceptions could arise while renaming a column. Let us take a look at some of them:  Duplicate name: When changing column name in SQL you need to make sure that there isn’t a column with the same name. If there is, SQL will show an exception.  Does not exist: If you rename column name in SQL which does not exist in the table, then SQL will show a does not exist exception.  Index constraints: If the column you are trying to rename is a part of an index, then there is going to be some problem in the operation. To surpass this issue, you need to drop the index, change column name, and recreate the index.  Permission exceptions: SQL will show an exception if you try to rename a column without having modification permission on the table/database.  Foreign key constraints: If the column you are trying to rename has some foreign key constraints, then the key needs to be first dropped and only then you can perform column name change in SQL.  Other Actions With ALTER TABLE Here are some other commands that you can execute with the ALTER TABLE command.  Adding a column in SQL  To add columns to an existing table, you can use the ALTER TABLE command, the name of the table, and the datatype. The syntax for adding a column is as follows:  Syntax:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name Line 2: ADD column_name datatype;  For example:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE ListOfStudents  Line 2: ADD Age INT;  Line 3: SELECT*FROM ListOfStudents; On executing this query, the output is:  Table name: ListOfStudents  SID SName Marks  Age 1 Harry  70 2 Rick  50 3 Martha  80 4 Gwen  60 5 John  75 Adding multiple columns in SQL Using the same syntax listed above, you can add multiple columns to your existing table:  Syntax:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name Line 2: ADD column_1_name datatype Line 3: ADD column_2_name datatype; Query:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE ListOfStudents  Line 2: ADD Age INT;  Line 3: ADD PhoneNumber VARCHAR (20),  Line 4: ADD Gender VARCHAR (1), Line 5: SELECT*FROM ListOfStudents; Output:  Table name: ListOfStudents SID SName Marks  Age PhoneNumber Gender  1 Harry  70 2 Rick  50 3 Martha  80 4 Gwen  60 5 John  75 Deleting columns in SQL  Now that you know how to add a column in SQL, you should also know how to delete any particular column. This is done with the help of the ALTER TABLE command and the DROP command. Let us understand the syntax:  Syntax:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name;  Line 2: DROP column_name;  Query:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE ListOfStudents Line 2: DROP COLUMN PhoneNumber Line 3: SELECT*FROM ListOfStudents; On executing this query, the output is as follows:  Output:  Table name: ListOfStudents SID SName Marks  Age Gender  1 Harry  70 2 Rick  50 3 Martha  80 4 Gwen  60 5 John  75 Alter the datatype in SQL  Apart from changing column name in SQL, you can also change the pre-existing datatype of a column in a table. Let us see the syntax to understand better:  Syntax:  For MS Access/SQL Server:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name  Line 2: ALTER COLUMN name_of_column datatype;  For Oracle (before 10G version)/My SQL:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name  Line 2: MODIFY COLUMN name_of_column datatype;  For Oracle 10G and next versions: Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name  Line 2: MODIFY name_of_column datatype;  Change Column Name in PostgreSQL  Just like you change name of column in SQL, in PostgreSQL, you need to do the same thing. For understanding, let us take another table for example:  Table name: Employees  Employee_ID  Name Age Gender Phone_Number 1 John  35 Male  1111111111 2 Luke  27 Male  2222222222 3 Sarah  31 Female  3333333333 4 Jennifer  25 Female  4444444444 5 Joe  39 Male  5555555555 6 Caroline 32 Female  6666666666 7  Teddy  29 Male 7777777777 Syntax:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE table_name  Line 2: RENAME COLUMN old_column_name to new_column_name  Query:  Line 1: ALTER TABLE Employees  Line 2: RENAME COLUMN Name TO Employee_Name  Line 3: SELECT*FROM Employee; On executing this query, the output is:  Table name: Employees  Employee_ID  Employee_Name Age Gender Phone_Number 1 John  35 Male  1111111111 2 Luke  27 Male  2222222222 3 Sarah  31 Female  3333333333 4 Jennifer  25 Female  4444444444 5 Joe  39 Male  5555555555 6 Caroline 32 Female  6666666666 7  Teddy  29 Male 7777777777 Conclusion With that, we conclude this article on the renaming of a column name in SQL. You will find these methods much more useful and simpler after more hands-on practice. If you wish to study MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, and PostgreSQL become more acquainted with this open-source social information base, take a look at upGrad courses that accompany genuine task insight. It will assist you with learning inside and out and help you master the subject. All in all, learning and getting hands-on practice on all the databases mentioned in this article will add to your experience. Go through the course overview, learning, and job opportunities involved with it—platforms like upGrad offer power-packed courses designed by the highly reputed institutes like IIIT-B in Full Stack Development. You get to be a part of an extensive network and meet a lot of people working in the same domain. Also, you are mentored by industry experts who resolve your doubts and support you every time. And one of the unique things you get is that at upGrad, you can opt for a No Cost EMI option and go easy on your pockets.
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by Rohan Vats

04 Mar 2024

Android Developer Salary in India in 2024 [For Freshers & Experienced]
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Wondering what is the range of Android Developer Salary in India? Software engineering is one of the most sought after courses in India. It is a renowned field because a qualified, entry-level, software engineer can hope to earn in lakhs from the first year itself. But software engineering is a broad field, and students and professionals look for areas of specialization to achieve the goals they set for themselves. Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more The world is shifting from working at the office to working from home. Also, people across the world are now relying on apps for daily tasks like shopping, commuting, filing, paying bills, etc., as well as getting information and staying connected. Because of this reason, companies are not shying away from offering increased Android Developer salary in India. Did you know that more than 6000 apps are released on Google Play Store every day? It indicates the growing need for tech specialists who understand operating systems and can deliver fantastic UIs for the various apps is on the rise. One of the most commonly used operating systems by mobile phones and other devices is Android. So, the specialization that is set to grow exponentially is Android Development. Thus, if you have the required skillset and are ready to keep yourself updated, your career as a Android Developer is expected to keep growing onwards and upwards. This line stands true especially when we consider that a android developer salary in India is directly or indirectly dependent on how upskilled and updated they are. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. We are sure, this must-have sparked a will to become a Android Developer within you! Let’s take a look at who exactly is a Android Developer and what is a typical Android Developer salary in India? Check Out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp What is Android? It is an open-source operating system that is available to designers and developers involved in creating devices and software. Google developed the OS on the Linux Kernel. Designers and developers can modify and customize the open-source operating system to create unique graphical user interfaces and functionalities that meet the demands of the device or app they are building. Many people using Android devices are unaware that the OS on their phones comes with built-in applications and that these applications can support third-party programs. Who creates these Android-friendly apps and programs? It is the job of the Android Developers. Because of the demand, android developer salary in India is one of the highest. Android development is a branch of mobile development which deals with the creation of apps for smartphones and similar devices. While mobile development is a vast field, it is divided into sections according to the operating systems one works on. In the simplest terms possible, an operating system is where all of your phone’s functions, including calls, texts, and applications, reside. Android is neither a phone nor an application. Everything you type into your device is included into the operating system. The information is being processed by the operating system, which then formats it for human consumption. Code names are also used for versions of the Android operating system. Check Out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Cloud Computing Mobile development is a vast field and consists of many branches, including android development. These are: Native app development: Native apps are restricted to the device and are made specifically for the operating system. Android developers mainly focus on this branch of mobile development. HTML app development:  Many apps only exist on the web browser. They require the programmer to use HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Who is an Android Developer? An Android Developer is a specialized Software Developer who takes on the responsibility of developing and designing applications that are used for android-run devices. They create Android programs that are usually written in Java. The developer is responsible for building apps and its various functions which include the UI for the device and the understanding of how a user can interact with the device. Hence their primary responsibility in a given firm is to produce apps related to the projects they are working on. As a result, the term “Android developer” is used to refer to a key in the field of Android development. With significant growth in the software development industry dedicated to varying roles, the importance of android developers in India has grown expansively and the high offered android developer salary in reputed companies speaks for its growth! Read: Android SDK: A Detailed Tutorial for Beginners Is Android Development in Demand?  In the continually expanding universe of technology, mobile app development salary in India stands out as a sector with consistently strong demand, driven by the extensive usage of Android smartphones globally. The demand for Android app developer salary in India remains high for a variety of compelling reasons, reflecting both market realities and the ongoing advancement of mobile technology. Android Device Ubiquity The mobile app development salary in India is majorly dependant on this. Android, developed by Google, has established itself as the leading operating system for mobile devices. The widespread availability of Android-powered smartphones and tablets adds considerably to the ongoing need for Android development.  As of Statista, Android has a significant global market share, outpacing other operating systems from 2009-2023. The huge spectrum of Android-powered devices, from low-cost smartphones to high-end tablets, ensures a diverse user base, producing a big market. Global Reach and Diversity Android is available in many different countries and populations. This worldwide diversity enables developers to construct programs that address a wide range of user demands, preferences, and cultural situations. Businesses and developers realize the need for localized and customized solutions to successfully engage people internationally, which drives the need for talented Android developers who can traverse this complex terrain. Open Source Advantage The developer community benefits from Android’s open-source nature, which encourages creativity and teamwork. This openness not only encourages the development of different and feature-rich apps but also helps to foster a dynamic ecosystem in which developers may exploit common knowledge and resources.  The open-source advantage draws both developers and corporations, resulting in a dynamic and ever-expanding Android development community. Versatility in Application Types Android is not just for tablets and smartphones. The operating system runs a wide range of devices, including smart TVs, wearables, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The diversity of Android-powered devices broadens the scope of application creation.  Android developers are in high demand in a variety of industries, including entertainment, healthcare, home automation, and more, adding to the field’s diversity and sustainability. Google Play Store Ecosystem The Google Play Store is the principal distribution channel for Android apps. With millions of apps accessible, the Play Store is still a flourishing marketplace where developers can expose their work to a large audience. The possibility for visibility and income encourages developers to engage in Android application development. Evolving Technology Stack The Android development landscape is dynamic, changing with the introduction of new technologies and frameworks. Google’s dedication to remaining at the forefront of innovation is demonstrated by the constant release of new Android versions, development tools, and APIs.  This ongoing growth not only draws developers who want to work with cutting-edge technology, but it also guarantees that organizations hire experienced individuals to utilize the newest innovations in their applications. Enterprise Mobility Solutions The rising use of mobile solutions in workplace contexts adds to the need for Android development. Businesses realize mobile applications’ strategic relevance in increasing productivity, communication, and customer engagement.  Android’s versatility and agility make it a perfect choice for designing strong business mobility solutions, driving the demand for skilled developers who can deliver tailored solutions to meet business objectives. Job Opportunities and Career Development The strong demand for Android developers creates several career possibilities in the technology industry. Whether working for major IT businesses, startups, or as freelance developers, Android experts face a competitive employment market with the potential for high wages.  The Android ecosystem’s ongoing expansion also creates prospects for professional progression, with options to specialize in specialist areas such as AR/VR development, machine learning integration, or game creation. Advantages of Becoming an Android Developer in India  Becoming an Android developer in this country comes with various advantages. Given the growing technological ecosystem, rising smartphone adoption, and demand for mobile applications, even a fresher Android app developer salary in India is quite impressive.  In a country with a fast-expanding digital economy, Android developers play a critical role in creating the technological future. Here are some major benefits of pursuing a career as an Android developer in India: High Demand for Mobile Apps This is one of the primary focuses of the increase in Android developer India salary.  The utilization of smartphones in India has skyrocketed in recent years, thanks to low-cost handsets and broad internet connectivity. The rapid popularity of smartphones has resulted in a boom in demand for mobile applications. Android, being the main operating system in the Indian market, provides several options for developers to create creative and effective apps.  Booming IT Industry The salary of Android app developer in India is extremely influenced by these factors. India has established itself as a worldwide IT powerhouse, with the software development sector contributing significantly to the country’s economic growth.  The IT sector is always changing, and Android developers are in great demand to design applications for a variety of uses, including e-commerce, education, healthcare, entertainment, and more. Freelancing Opportunities Android development provides for more flexible work options. Many developers opt to work as freelancers, taking on projects for customers all around the world. This flexibility not only gives developers the option to work on a variety of projects but also allows them to create their own schedules and potentially make more money.  This exponentially increases the scope of mobile application developer salary in India to increase substantially.  Global Reach Android developers have the opportunity to develop applications for a worldwide audience. The Google Play Store, where Android apps are hosted, allows developers to access customers globally.  This worldwide reach increases the exposure of developers and their work, allowing them to demonstrate their abilities on a global scale. This factor directly impacts the salary of Android developer in India.  Community Support and Resources  The salary of Android developer in India is largely dependent on the existence of a dynamic community. The Android developer community is large and active. Developers may access a multitude of online forums, groups, and resources to seek assistance, share information, and keep current on the newest trends and technology. The community’s help is vital to both new and seasoned developers. Open Source Platform The average salary of Android developer in India is vastly dependent on this. Android is developed on an open-source platform, so developers may access the Android source code. This openness encourages innovation and enables developers to alter the operating system as required. It also offers a wide range of tools and frameworks that developers may use to improve their apps. Diverse Job Opportunities Android developer India salary majorly depends on this. Android developers have a diverse range of work prospects, including app development, UI/UX design, quality assurance, and project management. The flexibility of abilities necessary for Android programming gives up a variety of job opportunities in the technology industry. Attractive Salaries  The Android application developer salary in India are lucrative which makes new-age developers take opportunities in this sector. Because of the increasing demand for talented Android developers, wages in this industry are competitive.  Experienced developers with a good portfolio and extensive understanding of the latest technologies frequently earn more pay. Furthermore, technological improvements provide chances for skill upgrading, which can lead to professional progression and greater earning potential. Entrepreneurial Opportunities The average salary of Android developer in India is majorly dependent upon this factor. Android development provides a platform for individuals to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities. Developers can launch their own applications, start-ups, or technology corporations. The dynamic nature of the technology industry fosters innovation and the possibility to establish profitable firms. Continuous Learning and Growth  The mobile application developer salary in India is dependent upon Android programming. It is a topic that demands ongoing learning owing to the rapid change in technology and tools. This continuous learning curve guarantees that the developers stay engaged and challenged, fostering personal and professional growth. Mobile App Developer Salary in India: Deciding Factors  A mobile app developers salary in India is determined by several variables, including the dynamic nature of the technology business and the different skill sets necessary for app development. Here are some decisive criteria that greatly influence the compensation of a mobile app developer in India: Work experience influences pay; senior developers earn more. Proficiency in key technologies (Java, Kotlin) impacts compensation. Company size matters; startups may offer ownership in addition to pay. Location affects salaries; metropolitan areas and tech hubs usually pay more. Industries like banking, healthcare, and e-commerce often offer higher salaries. Relevant degree or mobile app development certification can boost earnings. A strong portfolio of successful projects enhances wage potential. Effective negotiation plays a crucial role in securing higher compensation. Android Developer Salary in India You may have done wonderfully well on your engineering examination, or you may have gathered experience in the field, but what is the salary that you can get? It would make you happy to know that a few factors will impact the salary you can ask for from a prospective company. In this blog post, we are providing insights into the typical Android Developer salary in India.  But, before we do that let us look at the rise in demand for these tech specialists.  In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses The Growing Demand for Android Developers The first thing we are going to do is look at the demand for Android Developers in India. A single search for Android Developer in India on LinkedIn shows more than 2000 results, for May 2020 alone!   But, if you were to compare this with an all-time search, the requirement is over 5000, then it is easy to conclude that more than 40% of the jobs were created in the last month. This indicates the exponential shift in the demand for Android Developers as more companies than ever before are now turning to Android-based applications to ensure their users are getting superior services and experiences.    Source Today, there are plenty of jobs available for Android Developers, but their salary is directly impacted by experience, location, company, and educational achievements. So, there are opportunities galore for android developers, and the indispensable nature of their jobs ensures that android developer salary in India is quite elevated.  The Median Salary for an Android Developer in India The demand for Android Developer is high but companies require individuals to have the correct skill sets. Additionally, the better the experience, the higher is the salary. The median salary, according to Payscale, is approximately Rs 4,00,000 per year, inclusive of bonuses and profit-sharing. Source Let us look at the breakup of the salary As the chart below shows, the basic salary can range from Rs. 1,51,000 to Rs. 9,41,000 per year. Starting bonus and profit-sharing are at Rs. 1,000 and Rs. 12,000, respectively. The vast difference is based on many factors which are discussed below. Source Factors Affecting Android Developer Salary in India There are diverse variables, including geography and expertise, that affect an Android developer’s pay. Though The four main factors affecting the Android Developer Salary in India are: Company – The company that you work for will have a direct impact on the salary you get. Established companies and renowned brands like Google, Amazon, Jio, etc. will pay higher salaries than an IT startup. Experience – Android developer salary is highly influenced by the level of experience a candidate owns. The more experience you have, the better is the ability to understand the roadblocks and provide quick solutions for bugs. A combination of experience and company will get salaries and positions that help create a mark. In India, the payscale may change depending on how many years of experience you have. An entry-level developer in India can make a minimum of 2.3 LPA, with the maximum earning potential depending on your skill set and subject-matter expertise. Location – In the coming years, location is all set to play a smaller role in the salary you can expect. But, even then, location will continue to have an impact on the salary you can ask for and get from a prospective employer. Skills – The important skills you have, the better is the ability to understand. Location is all set to play a vital role in deciding machine learning salary in India. Read more: Top 20 Trending Android Project Ideas & Topics For Beginners Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Android Developer Salary in India: Based On Company Here are some of the companies in India and their average Android developer jobs salaries: Google Google, the leading tech giant worldwide, offers competitive salaries to android developers. The average annual android developer salary at Google in India is around INR 28,00,000. Infosys Infosys, a renowned Indian multinational corporation specializing in IT services and consulting, provides lucrative career opportunities for android developers. The average salary for android developers at Infosys in India is around INR 7,40,000 per annum. TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) TCS, a subsidiary of the Tata Group, is one of the largest IT service providers in India. Android developer average salary in India at TCS is INR 5,60,000 yearly. Cognizant Cognizant, a major player in the Indian IT industry and business process outsourcing services, offers competitive salaries to android developers. The average salary for android developers at Wipro in India is INR 7,96,231 per annum. It is an accepted fact, the bigger the brand or company, the higher is the salary an individual can expect. Let us look at some of the highest pay packages – Jio, India’s leading telecom company, offers about Rs. 5.89,000 per annum as salary. It is followed by Tata Consultancy Services at Rs 4,21,000, Cognizant at Rs, 3,41,000 and Solution IT at Rs 2,82,000. Source Android Developer Salary in India: Based on Location Android development is a thriving industry in certain significant nations or continents around the world, and demand has been sharply rising as well. Geographically speaking, the pay for an Android developer varies, thus in India’s major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, and many more, the app developer salary in India gets a little on the higher side. Though Covid-19 may reduce the impact of location on salaries in the future, currently, location plays a crucial factor in determining Android developer salary in India. The Silicon Valley of India, Bangalore offers the highest salaries, with Android Developers in the city earning approximately 35% more than their counterparts in other cities. The comparison is done against the national average. Hyderabad, the other city competing for the Silicon Valley title, offers salaries that are 2% less than the national average.   Source Android Developer Salary in India: Based on Experience The more experience you have the higher your pay package will be. So, if you are a beginner and have only recently entered the industry, you will have to moderate your hopes accordingly. So, let us break down android developer salary in India, depending on how many years of experience you have in your bag – Let’s see how an android developer salary in India varies based on experience. Entry-Level Android Developer Salary in India The average entry-level android developer’s salary in India is ₹204,622. Mid-Level Android Developer Salary in India The average mid-level android developer’s salary in India is ₹820,884 Experienced Android Developer Salary in India The average experienced android developer’s salary in India is ₹1,316,973 A fresher can easily earn a starting salary of Rs. 1,90,000 per annum, which is a great package to start a career in the field. As the Andriod Developer builds on his or her experience, the salary package increases exponentially. Gain a minimum experience of 3-4 years, a person can increase their salary to Rs. 3,54,000 per annum. An Android Engineer with an experience of 5-9 years can hope to get approximately Rs. 8,19,516 per year. When they reach senior management positions, an Android Developer can easily demand a salary of Rs, 10,00,000.    Source Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Android Developer Salary in India: Based on Skills Let’s discuss how android developer salary in India increases with skillset. As we mentioned earlier, you have to possess an impressive set of skills to acquire the best-paid jobs in the highly competitive market for android developers. Creating design for the user interface and user experience is the focus of design applications. On the other hand, Some skills undoubtedly get you a higher paycheque compared to the usually offered app developer salary in India. So, try to invest in these skills. Here are the Android developer salaries based on skills. Android Software Developer with Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Skills Salary: ₹906,000 Android Software Developer salary with React Native Skills: INR 8,00,000 Average Android Software Developer with C Programming Language Skills Salary: INR 7,80,000 yearly. Average Android Software Developer salary with Git Skills: INR 7,74,000. Android Software Developer salary with Software Development Skills: INR 7,50,000 per year. Source Android Developer Salary in Other Countries Android developers salary in The US is $113,900 Source Android developers salary in The UK is £35,554. Source City-wise Average Android Developer Salary in India Here are the major cities in India and Android developer average salary in India in 2024: Bangalore Bangalore, the Silicon Valley of India, is a thriving tech hub with numerous opportunities for Android developers. The average salary for Android developers in Bangalore is around INR 7,00,000 per annum. Mumbai Mumbai, the financial capital of India, is home to several software development companies and startups. Android developers in Mumbai earn around INR 4,30,000 per year. Delhi/NCR The Delhi/NCR region, encompassing the national capital and its surrounding areas, offers a competitive job market for android developers. The average salary for android developers in this region is around 4,50,000 yearly. Hyderabad Hyderabad has a flourishing IT industry and provides ample opportunities for android developers. The average salary for android developers in Hyderabad is around INR 5,00,000 per annum. Chennai Chennai, a major IT and software development hub in South India, offers promising career prospects for android developers. The average salary for android developers in Chennai is around INR 4,97,000 annually. Android Developer Salaries In Comparison to Other Developers An innovative UI that captures the imagination of the user is a great way to increase usage and allow your company to resonate better with their customers. A backend code that allows organizations to deliver excellent experiences will create brand value. Though there are specialized developers for each role, a huge overlap between the tasks of various developers. So, some of the salaries like both the Web Developer Salary or Software Developer Salary have approximately the same salary range. Another interesting thing of note is that most entry-level positions have almost the same salary range, but it increases exponentially for team leads.  Major Roles and Responsibilities of Android Developers In order to design and create applications for Android products, an Android developer employs their analytical abilities and computer training to construct systems for Android devices utilising a wide range of tools. The development of apps and programs requires skill sets, but some companies do require a Bachelor’s Degree in software development. A diploma or degree in a related field is also enough to help an individual meet the key responsibilities of their jobs. In the starting positions, the experience is not required and hence, they are offered lower salaries. Also, technological advancements demand that software developers and engineers keep pace with the rapid development in their fields. Top Paying Industries for Android Developers in India Apart from job titles and factors like skills and experience, the industry in which an Android developer works can also determine their salary. Here are the top-paying industries for Android developers in India: IT Services The IT services industry in India is known for offering competitive salaries to Android developers. As the demand for software development and mobile applications continues to grow, IT companies are keen to pay higher salaries to draw and possess skilled developers. The IT developer average salary in India is around INR 4,00,000 annually. Banking and Finance The banking and finance sector in India is increasingly adopting mobile banking and payment solutions. Android developers who specialize in building secure and efficient banking applications are in high demand and can command higher salaries. The android developer average salary in India is INR 5,00,000. Healthcare The healthcare industry is leveraging mobile applications to improve patient care and streamline medical processes. Android developers working in healthcare can expect competitive salaries due to the critical nature of the applications they develop. The salary for a medical android developer in India is around INR 5,00,000. Media and Entertainment The media and entertainment industry in India relies heavily on mobile applications for content consumption and engagement. Android developers working in this industry can benefit from competitive salaries as companies strive to create innovative and user-friendly applications. The average media android developer jobs salary in India is INR 6,00,000 annually. Key responsibilities of an Android Developer Most Android Developers work with the development phase of the software while individuals who can work on all aspects from designing, developing, testing, and integrating are known as Full Stack Developers. Android Developers, therefore, have a more focused approach and are responsible for ensuring the quality and responsiveness of an application when it is put to use.  They are responsible for: Developing android applications for the android platform The primary responsibility of the Android Developer is to build the app’s functionality. They are required to build the User Interface with a clear path of how the end-user will interact with the app. Creating high-quality code for approved designs and wireframes The first step is creating the app’s architecture that should be well-thought-out. Writing clean code and building functionalities that meet the purpose are integral to an app’s success.   Identifying user needs and introducing new features Once the apps are functional, Developers should understand the demands made by the users. Improving the success of the app requires introducing new features. Staying updated with the industry trends For this purpose, they need to stay updated on trends related to mobile apps and evaluating new tools for their effectiveness. Android Developers judge is the new tool or requirement will integrate with their apps, and the path that needs to be adopted.   Troubleshoot to reduce and/or eliminate bugs Android Developers are responsible for analyzing possible bugs, ways to avoid them, and create troubleshooting solutions. The process is followed at the time of development and when the app is launched for users’ use. Work with external APIs Many times it is necessary for the Developers to work with external APIs and codes. Hence, the ability to read and understand another Developer’s code is also important. While the above is a must, if you want to capture the higher salary point, advanced skills as the ones mentioned below can help. Flexible working style Ability to adapt to the unique requirements of their clients Capacity to work in collaboration with different marketing, design and development teams Ability to solve complex issues and turn roadblocks into opportunities As you grow, the ability to handle work independently and manage teams to help deliver the requirement Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Skills of an Android Developer But, as an individual manages their roles and gains experience, it is equally important to keep upgrading skill sets. Ensure that the application is created and implemented in a manner which is advanced and offers an easy interface for users. As a result, when it is implemented properly, it will also be beneficial for long-term use, and in order to achieve that you must inherit exceptional development skills. Proficiency in Programming Languages like Kotlin and JavaScript Proficiency in MySQl Database Attention to detail for Mobile Application Development Knowledge of Integrated Development Environment Skills for Android OS Development Ability to individually manage the Software Development Kit Also Read: Software Engineer Salary in India Learn Software Engineering Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Conclusion The data captured from LinkedIn clearly shows that the demand for Android Developers is increasing. The demand for these engineers is always high. The list is endless. That’s the primary reason android developer salary in India is quite high. The ever increasing demand. Individuals with the right skill sets, qualifications, and experience have many options to choose from. But, while selecting the right job is important, it is equally important to keep the factors affecting the final pay in mind while negotiating an Android Developer salary in India. We hope you liked our article on Android developer salary in India. These numbers above are not set in stone. The real influencer of your salary is the skills you have,  the mastery you have attained over them, and how quickly you grow and make the company grow as well. If you’re interested to learn more about full-stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Program in Full-stack Software Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects, and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms. Refer to your Network! If you know someone, who would benefit from our specially curated programs? Kindly fill in this form to register their interest. We would assist them to upskill with the right program, and get them a highest possible pre-applied fee-waiver up to ₹70,000/- You earn referral incentives worth up to ₹80,000 for each friend that signs up for a paid programme! Read more about our referral incentives here.
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by Rohan Vats

04 Mar 2024

7 Top Django Projects on Github [For Beginners & Experienced]
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One of the best ways to learn a skill is to use it, and what better way to do this than to work on projects? So in this article, we’re sharing the top Django projects Github that you can take inspiration from to work on your projects. We recommend completing multiple Django app Github projects to learn the different capabilities and functions of Django. We have shared Django app Github projects of various skill levels so you can choose one according to your expertise. Let’s get started.  Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript What is Django? Django is a Python web framework you can use to develop websites rapidly. It is open-source and facilitates the development of secure, pragmatic sites with exact designs. With Django, you can focus more on the development’s creative and technical aspects as the framework will handle the basics. This way, you get to speed up the development process and finish your projects much faster. Django is a powerful Python web framework that streamlines web development by offering a rich set of built-in features. Its automatic admin interface facilitates content management, while integrated tools for RSS feeds, user authentication, and site maps simplify the creation and maintenance of dynamic websites. b Django also strongly emphasizes on security, providing safeguards against common vulnerabilities. The framework’s object-relational mapping (ORM) system abstracts database interactions, and its middleware enables global processing of requests. With a supportive community and extensive documentation, Django proves advantageous for developers seeking efficiency, security, and scalability in their web development projects. Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more If you want to become a Python web developer, you should learn Django. It will make your job much more comfortable. It has many extra features to handle the tedious web development sections, such as content administration, RSS feeds, user authentication, site maps, etc. Another area where Django excels is security. By incorporating it into your web development processes, you can avoid many security errors during development.  Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in DevOps  Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses How Does Django Work? Introduced by Lawrence Journal-World in 2003, Django was specifically designed to meet newspapers’ deadlines and web developers’ demands. Fast forward to the year 2022, the latest version of Django is 4.0.3. It follows the Model View Template (MVP) design pattern.  Model The primary task of the model is to provide data from the database. In Django, a special technique named Object Relational Mapping is used, simplifying the process of working with the database. One of the most important advantages of using Django is that organizations no longer need to use SQL for extracting data. With the help of Django and ORM, communication with the database becomes much easier, and there is no longer the need to write complicated SQL statements.  View The primary function of the view is to take HTTP requests as arguments, import the necessary model/models and then find out the data that needs to be sent to the template.  Template Django traditionally uses HTML code to describe the layout of a web page and uses tags to add logic.  Why Django? Some of the incredible benefits that have made Django hugely popular in this tech-driven world are as follows Versatile Perhaps one of the biggest benefits of Django is that it can be used to build any type of website, spanning content management systems, news sites, and social media sites. It also bears the additional feature of delivering content in any format like HTML, XML, and JSON. Secure Yet another key feature of Django is that it enables developers to avoid common security issues that can cause great damage to a website. This highly engineered framework protects any website automatically. One example to substantiate this statement might include Django provides a secure way to supervise all user accounts and passwords. Furthermore, Django also security against some common vulnerabilities, like clickjacking, cross-site request forgery and cross-site scripting.  Scalability Last but not least, the component-based architecture of Django enables each part of the architecture to be easily modified or replaced according to the requirements. Because of this distinct separation among all the parts, it can easily scale for increased traffic by adding hardware as and when required. Instagram and Disqus are two of the most famous sites that have successfully scaled Django to meet their goals.  upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Top Django Projects Github Django is a web framework, and so you must be familiar with the primary web development languages: HTML and CSS before working on the following Django projects Github. HTML is crucial for building a web page (and website) structure while CSS is required for styling a page. That’s why it’s necessary to be familiar with these languages to work on the following Django app examples GitHub projects. You should also be familiar with the basics of Django to implement it effectively on advanced Django projects and create leading Django application Github. 1. A Django Blog Project One of the most popular Django project ideas is building a blog by using this framework. Being a high-level web framework, Django projects in Github emphasize efficiency and ease of use. It helps learners build a strong foundation in principles like “Don’t Repeat Yourself” (DRY) and “Convention over Configuration” (CoC).  Its Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) system simplifies database management, providing a more accessible entry point for beginners. The built-in admin interface offers a straightforward way to manage content, making it particularly learner-friendly for blog administration tasks. Django’s adherence to the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern aids in code organization and maintainability, crucial aspects for learners developing foundational skills. Blogs are simple in structure and usually have a page to show the posts and one page to show the blog (an about us page). Some blogs have a ‘Contact’ page, which lets visitors send a message through email to the blog’s author. Even though blogs seem simple, their development requires effort as you’ll have to create different web pages with different functions. The blog admin should have the option of adding a new post, modifying an existing post, and deleting any past ones. Your blog platform should also allow the admin to add media (images, videos, etc.) to the blog to make the content more engaging. To make this project more challenging, you can add comment sections to the blog where visitors can write their thoughts on a blog post. You can also make the blog more advanced to integrate it with other tools to add more functionality to it and elevate the entire interface of this, making it one of the most advanced Django projects. Building this Django project in GitHub involves creating a dynamic web application with essential features such as:- A homepage listing blog posts Detailed post views An about page A contact page for visitor messages.  The admin panel should offer authentication and authorization, enabling CRUD operations for posts, including media management. Advanced features can include a rich text editor for formatting, tagging and categorization, search functionality, an RSS feed, and user accounts for visitor engagement.  Integration with social media sharing, Google Analytics, Django REST Framework for APIs, and Django Channels for real-time updates can elevate the blog’s functionality. 2. Open Source Job Portal Another prominent project idea among Django developers is creating job portals. This Django project in GitHub is ideal for developers, combining practical web development skills with the opportunity to contribute to employment solutions. The platform’s core features involve allowing users to browse job listings from diverse companies, providing administrators with tools to organize jobs and manage user accounts, and granting recruiters the ability to add, remove, and share job posts on social media platforms.  Taking inspiration from existing open-source platforms can offer valuable insights into best practices and innovative features, contributing to the development of a robust, user-friendly job portal that caters to the needs of both job seekers and recruiters. The platform should allow users to browse various jobs from different companies. The admin would have the facility of organizing those jobs, managing user accounts, etc. Recruiters would have the option of adding or removing job posts and share their posts on social media platforms. To make this project more interesting, you can enable recruiters to use Google Maps for adding the location of the job. Users of the platform should create profiles and bookmark any job postings to review them later. You can add many functionalities to a job portal (connecting profiles with social media, letting users share job posts with other users). Here is an excellent open-source platform that you can take inspiration from for this project.  Read: Django Interview Questions & Answers 3. A File Sharing Web app in Django As more companies focus on ‘work from home‘ policies, file sharing tools are becoming more popular. This is a great time to build a file sharing app of your own! This is one of the most practical and rewarding Django projects in GitHub that allow developers to delve into various aspects of web development. The core features of this app include user authentication, file upload/download functionality, and user-specific file management. Users can register, log in, and upload files to the platform, with the app ensuring secure storage and retrieval.  You can use Django to create a platform where users can post files and share them with others. The platform should allow users to share documents, images, audio files, and videos. The admin should also be able to manage user accounts and oversee the overall system. To enhance the project, developers can implement features like file versioning, user-level access controls, and a clean user interface for easy navigation.  Other users should be able to access the shared files of others for collaboration. You’ll have to make the platform secure, so one user doesn’t find an unshared file from another user. Consider incorporating technologies like Django REST Framework to enable API functionality, allowing for potential integration with other applications. Implementing a secure and efficient file-sharing mechanism in Django not only reinforces skills in backend development but also addresses a practical need for users looking to share files seamlessly. Here is a Django project on Github that you can take inspiration from for this task.  4. A Fully Functional Polling App  This is another exciting entry in our Django projects GitHub list. You can create a Django polling app that allows users to enter their votes and see the poll results. A Fully Functional Polling App in Django, when well-executed, can stand out as one of the best Github Django projects by offering educational value, versatility, engaging features, and a foundation for collaboration within the Django development community. The admin of the platform should be able to add, edit, update, and delete polls. The admin should also have the feature of adding, modifying, and removing choices from polls. Users of the polling app should be able to vote on the polls. However, one user should only be allowed one vote per poll. You’d have to ensure that once a survey finishes, no user can enter a vote there.  Polls have become quite popular recently as social media platforms have added polls as an integral part of their posts. From Instagram stories to YouTube community posts, you can find polls everywhere. It is an excellent project for beginners. This simple Django project in Github has high educational value for developers, showcasing key concepts like user authentication and dynamic content rendering. Its versatility allows easy integration into various web applications, promoting codebase customization and reusability. Engaging features such as real-time results and social media sharing demonstrate Django’s potential for creating interactive applications, inspiring innovation within the development community. A well-documented and maintained repository enhances credibility, providing accessible insights for developers at different skill levels and fostering ongoing community collaboration. You can take inspiration from this Django polling app on Github.  5. An Advanced Django CMS  PyEditorial is an open-source CMS packed with numerous features. It’s free and is a great way to see how you can use Django in web development. The CMS has a podcast section where the user can make and edit a podcast, a videocast section for creating and editing videocasts, and a blog section to create and edit blogs. Apart from those features, it also has a skill section to make and edit skills and a CONSTANCE section for managing Django settings (such as blog title).  As your Django project, you can build a CMS with similar features. Have a podcast section where the admin can add audio files (podcasts) and descriptions, tags, and categories. Similarly, your CMS should have a videocast section for posting videos with similar pieces of information. CMS platforms are widely popular, and building one will help you become a more skilled web developer. WordPress, Joomla, Drupal are some of the most popular CMS platforms. Almost all the websites on the net are based on one of them. So, building a CMS will surely be useful in becoming a proficient web developer. For budding developers, this is one of the advanced Django projects Github has to offer. It is excellent learning resource for learners wanting to master advanced content management with Django. It boasts features like a modular plugin system and customizable templates, providing valuable insights into complex Django concepts.   It is highly adaptable, making it a versatile tool for diverse projects. Developers can easily customize and extend the CMS to fit various needs, such as integrating e-commerce features or advanced user permissions, making it a widely applicable solution. Moreover, the project banks on the best practices in code organization and security, with clean and maintainable code. A user-friendly interface for content creators adds to its appeal, highlighting the importance of thoughtful design in web development. Among both beginners and experts, this is one of those Django Github projects that has gained popularity because of its clear documentation which has ensured accessibility for developers of different skill levels.  Learn Software Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. 6. Bookkeeping through Django Django Ledger is a bookkeeping and financial analysis engine under development. It is based on Django, and its creators are focused on adding many features to it, such as: Supporting account charts Integrating bank accounts  Having multiple templates Support for QFX & OFX files Support for self-contained ledgers Apart from these features, the creators have many others in their minds to add to this Django example app GitHub. You can use Django to build a financial web app too. In this project, you can create a bookkeeping app based on Django, which lets users add their total transactions to keep track of their finances. You need to have some knowledge of ledgers and bookkeeping to work on this project. However, if you’re looking to use your technical skills in the financial sector, then this is the perfect project for you. The project can also be classified under the broader category of Python Django projects Github offers because of its core foundation on the Django framework. It showcases the application of Django’s features for building robust web applications, handling user authentication, managing database interactions, and incorporating various financial functionalities. This e-commerce Django project in Github also termed “Django Ledger” is an evolving bookkeeping and financial analysis engine built on the Django framework, designed to offer a robust set of features for effective financial management. It prioritizes inclusivity with features like supporting account charts, which helps users organize and categorize their financial transactions systematically. Django Ledger simplifies financial data import/export with QFX and OFX file support, ensuring seamless integration from various sources. This enhances the platform’s versatility, making it compatible with diverse financial institutions. Additionally, the support for self-contained ledgers offers a secure environment for managing financial records, emphasizing data integrity and privacy. This is one of the ideal Django projects with source code Github has for individuals and businesses seeking advanced financial management. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses   7. Organize Tests and Quizzes This is one of the most straightforward Django projects Github that can be used to create an easy Django application Github. It is a quiz website where users can take part in quizzes and tests. The developers have used Django and Bootstrap 4 to create this website. Using diverse Django example GitHub,  you can create a similar website that provides a simple interface for users to participate in quizzes. Quizzes on this project have the following features: All the questions are MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) Every user gets questions randomly (questions don’t appear in a set order) If a user refreshes the page or goes back to the previous page, a new quiz question will appear on the screen  If a user refreshes (or goes back), the site will count the problem as an attempt One problem appears only once for every user  After an answer’s submission, a message appears for the screen displaying if the answer was right or wrong.  As you can see, the mechanics of this website’s quiz are quite simple. If you haven’t worked on a Django project before, you can start with replicating this project and build a Quizzing webpage of your own or creating a Django example app GitHub. The website administrator would have to add questions, answer, and modify both of them until published on the site. The administrator should also have the feature of filtering questions according to if they are published or not.  This is one of the most common Python Django projects with source code in Github that can be highly valuable for both beginners and experts alike. Built with Django, it highlights the developer’s expertise in crafting robust and scalable web applications, using features like ORM and user authentication. Its modular structure enables easy customization, adapting well to diverse educational requirements for schools, colleges, and universities. Read: Django vs NodeJS: Difference Between Django and NodeJS Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Learn More About Django and Python  These were some of the most comprehensive and popular Django example GitHub. We hope that you liked our list of Django projects, Github. If you have any questions or suggestions on this article, please let us know through the comment section below. We’d love to hear your thoughts.  If you’re interested to learn more about Django, Django app examples GitHub and other full-stack developer languages and tools, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s PG Diploma in Full-stack Software Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Rohan Vats

04 Mar 2024

Salesforce Developer Salary in India in 2024 [For Freshers & Experienced]
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Wondering what is the range of salesforce salary in India? Businesses thrive because of customers. It does not matter whether the operations are B2B or B2C. At the end of the line, there is a customer using your products and services. Knowing what your customer wants and delivering it efficiently is the hallmark of a good business. Hence, a platform to manage customer interaction is vital, and companies earlier depended on Customer Management Relationship (CMR). Because of this reason, companies are not shying away from offering increased salesforce salary in India. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. The high setup and maintenance cost did not make it a viable solution for many medium and small businesses. Advancements in technology created Salesforce, a highly effective customer management platform. You can also consider doing our Java Bootcamp course from upGrad to upskill your career. Thus, if you have the required skillset and are ready to keep yourself updated, your career as a Salesforce Developer is expected to keep growing onwards and upwards. This line stands true especially when we consider that a salesforce salary in India is directly or indirectly dependent on how upskilled and updated they are. Before we get into these details, let us begin with salesforce is and who is a salesforce  developer. This will be a great background for discussing salesforce developer salary in India and the responsibilities they are required to fulfill.  Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more What is Salesforce? And Salesforce is a cloud computing services-as-a-software (SaaS) that handles the CMR for companies. It can integrate with third-party applications making it ideal for businesses of all scales. The biggest advantage is that it easy to use, saving companies time and resources, which can be dedicated to ideas and strategy. Because of the demand, salesforce salary in India is one of the highest. The salesforce service market is projected to grow to 13 billion dollars by 2023 and is predicted to be expanded at the rate of 14%. Salesforce designs cloud-based software which is useful or businesses to grow. The salesforce CRM has features that are unmatchable by the other CRMs such as contact management, workflow, task creation, etc. These features facilitate the revenue generation process. Featured Program for you: Fullstack Development Bootcamp Course Who is a Salesforce Developer?  A Salesforce Developer works on the cloud to create systems for managing and enhancing customer relations. The Developer is responsible for designing, developing, and deploying cloud applications to effectively analyze and deliver client management data.  A Salesforce developer has a background in development and is given the responsibility to develop the software. Some of the responsibilities are listed below- Integrating the platform with other systems Customising the solution  Testing the application Customising the functioning of the salesforce environment There are various contributing skillsets behind salesforce developer salary being high- Data Modeling Programming skills Problem- Solving Analytical Security Management Reasons to Become a Salesforce Developer As someone freshly charting out a career path, you will surely at one point or another wonder “Is Salesforce developer a good career?” If you are seeking to carve a niche in the world of information technology then becoming a Salesforce developer may be the right career choice for you. The reasons why you should consider pursuing a career as a Salesforce developer are elucidated below: Dominate the IT world by becoming a Salesforce developer One of the foremost platforms of CRM is Salesforce. Reports suggest that there has been a development of almost 25% over the past four years, and will double in the next four years or so. Such an incredible development would entail the creation of millions of novel Salesforce job positions in the years to come. With the digital revolution encompassing the globe, the demand for cloud computing professionals is expected to skyrocket, and Salesforce developers will be recruited to meet the rising demand. Investing time and effort in learning Salesforce development today would make one a worthy professional in the IT sector. Become a part of an ever-evolving platform The platform of Salesforce rolls out updates and features every year. Even the toolkit is updated regularly to make sure that the Salesforce developer working with the toolkit is at the forefront of the latest technological developments and trends. The platform of Salesforce is religiously dedicated to customer satisfaction. Thus, every emerging technology, whether AI, or serverless computing, or even Blockchain technology, is incorporated into the platform. A Salesforce developer never has to struggle to be at the forefront when it comes to accessibility to cutting-edge technologies and technical advancements. Moreover, a Salesforce developer never needs to feel concerned about the underlying infrastructure as the codebase remains the same for all app development work. As a Salesforce developer, one only needs to embrace a business-driven approach and think outside the box to develop and launch the most creative software apps. Connect to a highly inclusive community of professionals The platform of Salesforce brings together a host of professionals from all over the world to collaborate and create in unison. The Salesforce community is renowned for a thriving community of in-house employees, clients and customers, partners, and freelancers. Salesforce platform fosters a healthy work culture for Salesforce developers. Salesforce not only embodies growth and innovation but also promotes financial security and job satisfaction. Indeed, the Salesforce developer salary package in India lies in the range of ₹5L – ₹10L as of today. At Salesforce, every developer is provided with ample guidance and a solid sense of kinship which helps the developer in climbing the ladder of success in no time. Dive into a plethora of job opportunities The demand for Salesforce developers has increased exponentially. The job market of Salesforce is currently teeming with exciting opportunities. Top business organizations are constantly competing to recruit Salesforce developers. Most Salesforce developers in India are offered lucrative packages from various companies. The average Salesforce salary in India is almost ₹2,054,507 per year which is a pretty huge sum.   Take advantage of an immense earning potential Salesforce developers, all over the world and especially in India, enjoy a vast earning potential in the industry. The constant pull and push of supply and demand in the industry is driving up wages to new highs. Today, in 2024, the Salesforce salary in India stands at almost ₹ 1,700,000 per year. The Salesforce developer salary for freshers is about ₹ 1,031,117 per year, whereas the Salesforce developer salary India is around ₹ 3,000,000 per year for experienced workers. Career path of a Salesforce developer At the beginning of the career path, a fresher begins his career as a Junior developer and earns a lucrative Salesforce developer fresher salary in India. A junior Salesforce developer primarily focuses on understanding the concepts of Salesforce architecture and undertaking basic project work under the guidance of a supervisor. A Salesforce developer must be skilled at Apex Coding, Workflow Automation, Data Modelling, and Lightning Component Development. Software engineering graduates can apply for the position of junior Salesforce developer and rake in a lucrative Salesforce software engineer salary of ₹15,80,871 annually. If you seek to climb the ladder of success quickly as a Salesforce developer then you may consider moving to Bangalore, the software hub of India, to work at prestigious IT companies and earn a huge Salesforce developer salary Bangalore. A junior Salesforce developer climbs up to the mid-level of his career path after 2-3 years of experience as a Salesforce developer. At this level, the Salesforce developer is required to manage small projects and be more hands-on at work. A mid-level Salesforce developer is skilled at advanced Apex coding, full stack, advanced data modeling and data analytics, and rudimentary project management. On average, the Salesforce Full Stack developer salary in India is almost 31 lakhs per annum for a Salesforce Fullstack developer. After the mid-level stage, comes the senior level in the career path of a Salesforce developer. A senior Salesforce developer possesses an exhaustive knowledge of Apex Coding and Visualforce, Salesforce Integrations, and API development. Senior Salesforce developers play the role of a project manager, engage in critical decision-making, and shoulder the responsibility of team management.   Salesforce Developer Salary in India Salesforce has a wide range of domains to choose from, including Community Cloud, Commerce Cloud, Analytics Cloud, App Cloud, IoT Cloud, and Health Cloud. The software first started as a SaaS CMR platform, and it now hosts solutions for developers to build and manage custom software.  upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   The Demand for Salesforce Developer in India There are various industries that are searching for salesforce developers. This is also one of the reasons behind salesforce software engineer salary being high. The industries that are demanding the salesforce developers are  IT Marketing Sales Finance Education  Healthcare Real Estate Entertainment Salesforce has been on the rise since its inception, but the introduction and growing dependency on cloud technologies has made it essential for companies. It is estimated that by 2020, the worldwide spending on public cloud software will be $216 billion, and by 2024, it shall climb to $418 billion. It is also estimated that by 2024, Salesforce and its ecosystem can enable the creation of 4.2 million jobs worldwide! From 2013 to 2019, Salesforce was continuously awarded the number 1 CRM provider for six consecutive years, and it seems to be the same for 2020 as well. Because of these reasons, salesforce salary in India is never slowing down. A quick search on Naukri.com shows that there are 62000 jobs for a Salesforce Developer. Source Many businesses realize the importance of customer management on a Cloud platform like Salesforce. So, whether you want to pick up a job with a company or offer your services as a freelancer, there are many opportunities for you.  The Average Salesforce Developer Salary in India According to PayScale, the average Salesforce developer salary in India is more than Rs 500,000 per annum. The image clearly shows that the salary is inclusive of both the bonus and profit-sharing.   Source The average or median salary is impressive, and as the image below shows, it also takes into account several factors.   Source The countries that are recruiting the salesforce developer highly are situated in North America, Europe, India, etc. How to Earn a Lucrative Salesforce Developer Salary in 2024? Keep the following pointers in mind for boosting the earning potential as a Salesforce developer: One of the best ways in which you can earn more than the average salary for Salesforce developer in India is by participating in various Salesforce events. Working on innovative Salesforce projects also helps in earning more than the Salesforce average salary in India. Switching to a new job is one of the easiest ways of obtaining a salary hike. Build a solid network with expert Salesforce developers for keeping tabs on the latest Salesforce developer job opportunities in the market. The Deloitte Salesforce developer salary is pretty high and with the right contacts, you may land a job at Deloitte and earn a handsome package any day. The Salesforce developer fresher salary is quite high. But if you seek to earn higher Salesforce Salary in India then pursuing Salesforce developer certification courses would be an ideal option for you. Employers prefer to hire candidates who hold Salesforce developer certificates authenticating their expertise. Factors Affecting Salesforce Salary in India The four main factors affecting Salesforce Salary in India are: Company – A bigger company or brand means a bigger customer base. Hence, the bigger companies will have their own salesforce app or software. They are willing to pay the highest salaries possible in such cases.  Experience – Experience does matter when it comes to salary. The higher your experience, the higher is the salary you can expect.  Location – The location of the company will have a direct impact on the Salesforce Developer role. Remember one thing, the bigger the city, the higher is the cost of living.  Skill – The important skills you have, the better is the ability to understand. Location is all set to play a vital role in deciding the Salesforce developer salary in India. Read: Cloud Engineer Salary in India  Salesforce Salary in India: Based on Company We have already mentioned above, the bigger the company, the higher is the salary you can expect. The image shows that UST Global Inc, the digital technology solutions company, pays about Rs 10,00,000 per annum for its salesforce developers. Cognizant and Deloitte, two of the biggest IT companies in the world, pay above Rs 6,00,000 per year. The salaries compete with some of the other developer roles!  Source Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Salesforce Salary in India: Based on Experience Let us break down salesforce salary in India, depending on how many years of experience you have in your bag – An entry-level developer with less than one year of experience can expect somewhere around Rs 3,00,000. Once you gain about 2-5 years of experience can be getting a total compensation of close to Rs 5,00,000. However, if you have around 5-9 years of experience, you may be getting a hefty paycheck of close to Rs 10,00,000 per year. Also visit upGrad’s Degree Counselling page for all undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Entry-Level Salesforce Developer Salary in India The average entry-level Salesforce Developer salary in India is ₹300,079. The Salesforce developer salary for freshers in India per month is around Rs 21.7k. Mid-Level Salesforce Developer Salary in India The average mid-level Salesforce Developer salary in India is ₹938,962. Experienced Salesforce Developer Salary in India The average experienced Salesforce Developer salary in India is ₹1,410,000. Source Salesforce Salary in India: Based on Job Role The average salesforce developer salaries in India varies based on the job role. The kind of salary reflects basis various factors, such as experience, city, education, job role, etc. The difference in salaries based on the job role differs due to different responsibilities and seniority.  For example, a senior salesforce developer salary would be higher than the junior’s Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Salesforce Salary in India: Based on Location Your pay grade may also depend on your location. Here is data captured for different cities by PayScale.  The image below shows that IT cities Bangalore and Hyderabad offer salaries that are 18% higher than the national average. It is clear that Chennai in the South and Noida, a satellite town of Delhi, offer salaries that are far below the national average.  Source The salesforce developer salary in India city-wise also varies. The salary difference has both social and economic factors behind them. The metropolitan cities see high salary figures as compared to the others. The Salesforce developer salary in India in some top cities is as follows: Bangalore: Rs 6.4 lakhs per annum Chennai: Rs 5.5 lakhs per annum Hyderabad: Rs 6.0 lakhs per annum Noida: Rs 6.1 lakhs per annum Pune: Rs 5.6 lakhs per annum Salesforce Salary in India: Based on Skills Most developers, as well as Salesforce developers, are required to have an undergraduate degree, preferably Computer Science, or at least some sort of background in Computer Science. Of course, you need to have good programming and analytical skills with knowledge about Object-Oriented Programming, .NET programming, and Model-View-Controller design pattern. The image below illustrates that skills in Salesforce, Apex, and VisualForce are a must. JavaScript and Software Development is not as valued, but knowledge of these can never be undermined.   Source According to Salesforce official website, the general skills that recruiters look for in a developer are: Salesforce Platform and how you handle it Lightning Web components and its elements Knowledge and fluency in JavaScript Application life cycle management – designing, developing, maintaining, and tracking. Object-Oriented programming Apex System Integration SOQL(Salesforce Object Query Language)/SOSL Salesforce Object Search Web Services Source In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Salesforce Developer Salary in Other Countries Salesforce Developer Salary in The US: $83,568. Source Salesforce Developer Salary in The UK: £47,589. Source US state-wise salesforce software engineer salary Roles and Responsibilities of a Salesforce Developer Customer relationship management can make or break a company’s image. There are many examples of companies losing customers and goodwill because of technical glitches, bugs, and inconsistencies in systems. It should, therefore, come as no surprise that you have to develop the basic and advanced skillsets to fulfill your roles and responsibilities.  Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Key responsibilities of a Salesforce Developer Salesforce is a cloud-based platform, and hence knowledge and expertise in SaaS and PaaS are essential. Here are some of the key responsibilities that you need to develop: Developing various Salesforce applications across various PaaS (Platform as a Service) Designing and building Salesforce apps for the hiring party or even customizing the existing services for the user’s needs. Dealing with inconsistencies in the quality of data and keeping track of any system deficiencies  Interacting with various stakeholders to understand the expectation for the Salesforce operations Managing and maintaining the existing applications for any possibility of bug or misbehavior Proficiency in full life cycle development methodologies (Agile/Scrum) and building AppExchange products Data migration using SFDC import and export utilities Performing fit-gap analysis and providing the best fit solution in accordance with the requirement and optimized for performance and User experience Source Requirements of a Salesforce Developer Bachelor’s degree in Computer science/ Software Engineering Work Experience in software development/ application development Experience of working on either Salesforce CRM or other CRM platforms Web Technologies including HTML5, Javascript, and jQuery Apex, VisualForce, SOQL, Java, JSF, SQL, REST&SOAP,  Extra certifications Communication Testing Problem- Solving Critical thinking Also Read: Software Engineer Salary in India Top Skills Required to Become a Salesforce Developer The ever-evolving platform of Salesforce requires the Salesforce developer to possess both technical and business expertise. A Salesforce developer should not only be adept at coding but also be capable of driving business value. To flourish as a Salesforce developer in the IT sector, one needs to nurture technical skills, cooperative soft skills, and problem-solving tactics.  If you want to enjoy a high Salesforce developer salary, you should be acquainted with all the required skills. Some top skills required to increase your Salesforce salary in India are as follows: Understanding of the Salesforce Platform The Salesforce salary for freshers is particularly dependent on their knowledge of the platform. You should be aware of the key features and elements of the Salesforce platform, including sales cloud, marketing cloud, service cloud, and more. You should also familiarize yourself with the objects, fields., workflows, and security models in Salesforce. Moreover, you need to understand declarative development to create applications without writing any code.  Apex and Visualforce Apex is a programming language designed specifically for modifying and enhancing Salesforce. If you want the right Salesforce developer salary for 2 years of experience, you must gain a firm understanding of Apex. You should be aware of the best practices for the syntax, data types, control structures, and other components of Apex programming. Apex is crucial for creating unique business automation solutions and logic on the Salesforce platform.  Apart from Apex, you should become familiar with Visualforce to get a high Salesforce developer salary in India. It is a markup language valuable for creating distinctive user experiences within Salesforce. Your ability to design custom solutions and improve the functionality of Salesforce apps will increase as you become more adept at Apex and Visualforce. Integration and APIs A key component of Salesforce development is integration. Businesses frequently use Salesforce to interact with external systems, including payment processors, ERP systems, and social media sites. You must have a solid grasp of integration ideas and be an expert user of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) to achieve these requirements. Learn about authentication and authorization processes as well as REST and SOAP APIs. Investigate integration options that enhance your capabilities, such as Salesforce Connect and Heroku. If you have strong integration skills, you can link Salesforce with external systems easily, facilitating data flow and system compatibility. Lighting Component Framework Salesforce Lightning is a cutting-edge, dynamic framework for programmers to create easy to understand user interfaces. Lightning Components can be assembled to produce seamless user interfaces because of their reusable and modular nature. Learning how to create Lightning Components utilizing the Aura framework and Lightning Web Components (LWC) is crucial for earning the Salesforce developer average salary in India.  You should gather about the Lightning Components’ architecture, events, and data-binding techniques. You may create aesthetically pleasing and highly interactive interfaces by understanding the Lightning Component Framework. Ultimately, it will increase user pleasure and productivity and help you earn the average salary of a Salesforce developer in India within a short span. Get Software Development Course from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Database Management and Analytics The Salesforce developer scope in India is huge for DBMS experts. It is crucial for a Salesforce developer to possess the ability to handle data within the Salesforce platform. The management of data in the Salesforce platform necessitates a thorough understanding of data governance and data storage technologies and practices. A Salesforce developer who specializes in database management and analytics earns a lucrative Salesforce developer salary in India.  Shareholder management and communication The Salesforce salary for freshers may not be as high as expected. However, one can easily strive to earn more than the average salary of Salesforce developer in India by honing the critical skill of communication. A Salesforce developer must be skilled in communication to interact effectively with stakeholders. The different stakeholders generally include project supervisors, clients, and business analysts. A Salesforce developer must also be proficient at managing client expectations, negotiating solutions, and catering to the business objectives of an organization. Proficiency in emerging technologies Freshers can pursue certification courses in emerging technologies to become eligible for hikes in the Salesforce salary for freshers. In 2024, the emerging technologies include Internet of Things, blockchain technology, and artificial intelligence. Incorporation of such cutting-edge technologies to build state-of-the-art Salesforce solutions can make the Salesforce developer attain new heights in their career. Data modeling technologies One of the most underrated skills that a Salesforce developer needs to possess is the skill of data modeling technologies. Awareness about data modeling is essential for ensuring the high performance and scalability of the developed Salesforce apps. Salesforce developers who attain mastery in data modeling can design systems that can successfully manage intricate data relationships. Being well aware of data modeling technologies can make one earn more than the average salary of Salesforce developer in India.  Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Conclusion Customer management requires effective management 24x7x365. The easy and unhindered access to virtual platforms for queries or shopping requires companies to have systems that function smoothly at all times. Understandably, the demand for qualified individuals is high. Companies are willing to pay the highest salaries to individuals with the right mix of expertise and experience.  We hope you liked our article on salesforce salary in India. These numbers above are not set in stone. The real influencer of your salary is the skills you have,  the mastery you have attained over them, and how quickly you grow and make the company grow as well. As mentioned, you need to develop your technical skills. You can use the upGrad online courses to build the right skill sets and get the best Salesforce Developer Salary in India. If you’re interested to learn more about full-stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Program in Full-stack Software Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects, and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms. Refer to your Network! If you know someone, who would benefit from our specially curated programs? Kindly fill in this form to register their interest. We would assist them to upskill with the right program, and get them a highest possible pre-applied fee-waiver up to ₹70,000/- You earn referral incentives worth up to ₹80,000 for each friend that signs up for a paid programme! Read more about our referral incentives here.
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by Rohan Vats

04 Mar 2024

15 Must-Know Spring MVC Interview Questions
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Spring has become one of the most used Java frameworks for the development of web-applications. All the new Java applications are by default using Spring core and Spring MVC frameworks. Thanks to its growing popularity, recruiters all over the globe are looking for candidates hands-on with the Spring framework. If you’re appearing for an interview for a Java developer role, Spring MVC is one of the first things that you should brush up your knowledge on Spring framework interview questions – irrespective of whether you’re a fresher or someone with experience. Also, check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. After all, the Spring MVC framework is the most commonly used Java frameworks, and you are bound to get asked questions in and around the same, in any Java (or any related interview) interview you sit for. If you didn’t know, Spring MVC is a robust Java-based framework that helps build web applications. As the name suggests, it uses an MVC architecture – Model, View, Controller. Spring MVC provides an elegant way of using Spring with the MVC framework. Released in 2002, the Spring framework’s is an open-sourced framework, that means developers all around the world can contribute to the development and further releases of the framework. Check out Advanced Certification in DevOps Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript That also means that there is an ever-active community of developers out there to help you with your queries. Being open-sourced also adds to the plethora of benefits that the Spring framework offers. Especially if you’re beginning with your career in Java, you’d require guidance, and the diverse community of Java developers ensures you don’t lack any guidance when it comes to working with Spring MVC. Check Out Advanced Certification in Cloud Computing It is important to understand the flow of Spring MVC to gain an in-depth knowledge of Java.  With so many benefits to offer, there shouldn’t be an iota of doubt as to why Spring MVC is an interview’s favorite topic to question you on. In this article, we’ll be talking about 15 such Spring MVC must-know questions which you can expect to encounter in any interview you sit for. Let’s learn about the interview questions on Spring MVC for freshers and other Spring MVC interview questions and answers for experienced candidates, which will help you ace your interview.  1. What is the Spring framework? To start off our list of interview questions on Spring MVC, let us start with the basics of what Spring MVC stands for.  Spring is an open-source framework that was built to simplify application development. It has a layered structure which allows the developer to be selective about the components they use. It has three main components – Spring Core, Spring AOP, and Spring MVC. Further, you can talk about your experience with Spring, if any. That’ll add a lot of weight to your answer. Why Companies are Looking to Hire Full Stack Developers 2. What are the main features of Spring framework? Spring framework offers a lot of features to make the developer’s life easy. Some of them are: Lightweight: Spring is extremely lightweight, the basic version is around 1MB, with negligible processing overheads. Inversion of Control (IoC): Dependency Injection or Inversion of Control is one of the most important features of Spring. Using IoC, the developers don’t need to create a complete environment for the object and its dependencies; they can simply create and test the object they are handling at the given point in time. Object dependencies will be included or called upon when the need arises. It majorly creates a window in the case of configuration management. The container, therefore, consists of different assembler codes that solely exist for configuration management.   Aspect-Oriented Programming: Spring supports Aspect-Oriented Programming. AOP isolates secondary functions from the programmer’s business logic. This not only provides modularity but also makes the code maintainable. MVC architecture: Spring comes with an MVC framework for web-applications. This framework is highly configurable using various technologies like JSP, Tiles, iText, and POI. JDBC exception handling: Spring comes with a predefined JDBC abstraction layer which simplifies the overall exception handling process. Spring MVC network is also the basis of power for other Spring-based projects like Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, and SpringGraph QL.  Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   3. Explain a bit more about Dependency Injection. Spring MVC questions like these check your test your clarity on basic concepts. Dependency injection is the fundamental aspect of Spring frameworks which theoretically injects objects with dependencies that helps in responsibly managing the components that already exist in the container. Inversion of Control or Dependency Injection aims to simplify the process of object creation by following a simple concept – don’t create objects, just describe how they should be created. Using IoC, the objects are given their dependencies at build-time by an external entity that is responsible for coordinating each object in the system. In essence, we’re injecting dependencies into objects using IOC or Dependency Injection. For example, if class One needs to operate an object which is possessed by class Two, which instantiates or operates a particular method, then it can be concluded that in this case, class One depends on Class Two.  This particular example, however, is only possible theoretically and not in the real world because it can lead to several problems in the module, like system failure and other important issues. This can also lead to loose coupling, which can be possible because of two classes being intertwined for common functionality.  Make sure you offer such clarity in your Spring MVC questions. This also marks one of the most important Spring MVC interview questions for experienced candidates.  4. Explain the different types of Dependency Injections in Spring? When to use which? Spring provides the developers with the following two types of dependency injections: Constructor-based DI: Constructor-based DI is accomplished by passing a number of arguments (each of which represents a dependency on other class) to a class’s constructor. Simply, dependencies are given in the form of constructor parameters. CDI is declared as the <constructor-arg> tag in the configuration bean file in this particular parameter.  Setter-based DI: When you are working with a no-argument constructor, you will set values by passing arguments through setter function to instantiate the bean under consideration, this is called setter-based dependency injection. For example, a class GFG can use Setter Dependency Injection (SDI) to set the property tag in the bean- configuration file.  When will you use which one of these, boils down to your requirements. However, it is recommended to use Setter-based DI for optional dependencies and Constructor-based DI for mandatory dependencies. Interview with Farooq Adam, Co-Founder, Fynd 5. What is the Spring MVC framework? Spring MVC is one of the core components of the Spring framework. It comes with ready to use components and elements that help developers build flexible and robust web applications. As the name suggests, the MVC architecture separates the different aspects of the application – input logic, business logic, and UI logic. It also provides a loose coupling between the M, V, and C of the application. These are classified further into:  Model (M): This contains the application data with a single object and a collection of objects.  View (V): A view requires provided information in a specific format. Generally, in this case, JSP+ JSTL uses this way to create a view page. This consists of components of various technologies like Apache Velocity, Thymeleaf, and FreeMarker.  Controller ( C): This contains the business logic of an application. The annotation of the @controller is used as a mark to class the controller in the program.  This question is a fine example of Spring MVC interview questions for experienced.  In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses 6. What are some benefits of Spring MVC framework over other MVC frameworks? The Spring MVC framework has some clear benefits over other frameworks. Some of the benefits are: Clear separation of roles –  There is a specialised object for every role, thus providing a clear separation of roles. Reusable business code – With Spring MVC, you don’t need to duplicate your code. You can use your existing objects as commands instead of mirroring them in order to extend a particular framework base class. Customizable binding and validation- This helps in rewriting the code from scratch and also taking up the previous codes at times for a proper binding and validation following the function. It is very feasible and one of a kind.  Customizable locale and theme resolution- One of the important components of Spring MVC is the customizable theme resolution. The developer can surely change these based on the needs provided by the organization or the required programming clientele.  Customizable locale and theme resolution Customizable handler mapping and view resolution From Spring 2.0 onwards, the framework comes with a JSP form tag library which makes writing forms in JSP pages much easier. 7. What is DispatcherServlet? Spring MVC framework is request-driven and is designed around a central Servlet that handles all the HTTP requests and responses. The DispatcherServlet, however, does a lot more than just that. It seamlessly integrates with the IoC container and allows you to use each feature of Spring. On receiving an HTTP request, the DispatcherServlet consults HandlerMapping (these are the configuration files) to call the appropriate Controller. Then, the controller calls appropriate service methods to set the Model data. It also returns the view name to DispatcherServlet. DispatcherServlet, with the help of ViewResolver, picks up the defined view for the request. Once the view is finalized, the DispatcherServlet passes the Model data to View – where it is finally rendered on the browser. What is Test-driven Development: A Newbie’s Guide 8. What is the front controller class of the Spring MVC? A front controller is a controller which handles all requests for a Web application. When it comes to Spring MVC, DispatcherServlet is that front controller. When a web request is sent to a Spring MVC application, the DIspatcherServlet takes care of everything. First, it takes the request. Then, it organizes the different components like request handlers, controllers, view resolvers, and such – all needed to handle the request. And finally, it renders the content on the browser. 9. What is a Viewresolver pattern and how does it work in MVC? View Resolver is a J2EE pattern which allows the applications to dynamically choose technology for rendering the data on the browser (View). Any technology like HTML, JSP, Tapestry, XSLT, JSF, or any other such technology can be used for View. The View Resolver pattern holds the mapping of different views. The Controller returns the name of the View which is then passed to View Resolver for selecting the appropriate technology. 10. How does Spring MVC provide validation support? Spring primarily supports two types of validations: Using JSR-303 Annotations and any reference implementation, for example, Hibernate Validator, or Implementing org.springframework.validation.Validator interface. 11. A user gets a validation error in other fields on checking a checkbox, after which, he unchecks it. What would be the current selection status in command object of the Spring MVC? How will you fix this issue? This is one of the trickier questions to answer if you aren’t aware of the HTTP Post behaviour in Spring MVC. During HTTP Post, if you uncheck the checkbox, then HTTP does not include a request parameter for the checkbox – which means the updated selection won’t be picked up. To fix that, you can use hidden form field which starts with ‘_’. This is one of the toughest Spring MVC interview questions.  How to Succeed in Your First Software Development Job 12. How will you compare the MVC framework to the three-tier architecture? A Three-tier architecture is an architecture style whereas MVC is a design pattern. Having said that, in larger applications, MVC forms the presentation tier of a three-tier architecture. The Model, View, and Controller are concerned only with the presentation – they use the middle tier to populate their models. 13. How should we use JDBC in Spring to optimize the performance? Spring provides a template class called as JDBCTemplate. Using JDBC with this template gives manifolds better performance. This, therefore, helps in providing accurate results and finally makes programming easier for the developer.  14. What do you mean by a “Bean” in the context of Spring framework? Any class that is initialized by the IoC container is known as a bean in Spring. The lifecycle of a Spring Bean is managed by Spring IoC Container. Bean helps provide accuracy in the overall Spring MVC framework giving optimal results.  Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? 15. What is a “Scope” in reference to Spring Beans? Spring Beans comes with following five scopes: Prototype: Whenever there’s a request for a bean, a separate prototype is created each time. Request: It is like the previous scope, but only for web-based applications. For each HTTP request, Spring creates a new bean instance. Singleton: There’s only one bean created for every container, and it acts as the default scope of that bean. In all these instances, the beans cannot use a shared instance variable as it can lead to data-inconsistency. Session: A bean is created for every HTTP session Global-session: Global session is created for Portlet applications. The Spring framework is extendable, that is, you can create your own scope as well. The “scope” attribute of the bean element is used to define the scope. How to Become a Full Stack Developer 16. What are the different types of AutoWire?  This is one of the most common Spring MVC interview questions. Spring’s autowiring feature allows the framework to automatically inject dependencies into Spring beans. Spring supports a variety of auto-wiring modes: No auto-wiring (by default): In this mode, auto-wiring is disabled, and dependencies must be explicitly defined using the components in the bean configuration. Autowiring by Type (autowire=”byType”): Spring wires a property if its type is the same as one of the beans declared in the container. If there is more than one matched bean, an error is returned. Autowiring by Name (autowire=”byName”): In this mode, Spring searches for a bean that shares the same name as the property being authored. If the dependence is discovered, it is injected; otherwise, an error is returned. Autowiring by Constructor (autowire=”constructor”): Spring matches and injects dependencies depending on the constructor arguments. This style is very handy for working with several constructors or intricate dependents. Autowiring by Qualifier (@Qualifier annotation): When combined with @Autowired, @Qualifier allows you to define the precise bean name that will be injected when the container contains numerous beans of the same type. 17. What are Spring Interceptors?  This is a commonly asked Spring MVC interview questions for experienced. Spring interceptors are components that enable developers to pre-handle, post-handle, or alter requests and answers within a Spring MVC application. They allow you to inject custom behaviour into the request processing lifecycle. Interceptors are very useful for cross-cutting issues like logging, security, authentication, and altering the model before it reaches the view. To answer this Spring MVC interview questions, talk about ways to use interceptors in a Spring MVC application and how they must be specified in the application context or through Java configuration.  Spring interceptors are an effective tool for expanding the functionality of a Spring MVC application in a modular and reusable manner. They contribute to cleaner code by isolating concerns and encouraging the reuse of certain portions of request processing logic across different areas of the application. In a Spring MVC application, interceptors are created by implementing the HandlerInterceptor interface. This interface contains three methods: preHandle(): Called before the actual handler function is run. It may be used for a variety of functions, including request pre-processing, authentication checks, and logging. postHandle(): Runs after the handler procedure but before the view is rendered. This function allows developers to conduct actions on the model or alter the ModelAndView. afterCompletion(): Called after the entire request has been processed, including displaying the view. It is useful for operations like cleaning and resource release. 18. What is a Spring Configuration File?  This is one of the most anticipated Spring MVC interview questions for 10 year experience.  The Spring Configuration File is an XML or Java-based configuration file that is used to create and configure Spring beans. These configuration files are critical to the Inversion of Control (IoC) container, which governs the Spring beans’ lifespan. There are two major types of Spring configuration files: XML-based Configuration: Beans and their dependencies are defined by developers using XML markup in this configuration style. The configuration file normally contains a <beans> element as the root, followed by individual <bean> elements that specify the beans, their attributes, dependencies, and other configurations. Java-based Configuration: With the introduction of Java configuration in Spring, developers may now create beans and their connections using simple Java classes annotated with @Configuration. These classes frequently use @Bean annotations to define individual beans, as well as other annotations such as @ComponentScan or @Import to describe scanning packages or import other configuration classes. 19. When is Autowiring used?  This is also one of the most crucial interview questions on Spring MVC. To answer Spring MVC framework interview questions like this, start by mentioning that autowiring may not be appropriate for all scenarios.  Developers should think carefully about the ramifications of autowiring, such as the possibility of ambiguity when numerous candidates exist. Furthermore, it is critical to understand the many autowiring options available in Spring (byType, byName, constructor, etc.) and select the one that best meets the application’s needs. Reducing Configuration Boilerplate: Autowiring reduces the amount of boilerplate code necessary to configure dependencies. Rather than manually describing each dependency in the configuration file, Spring may identify and inject them based on predefined criteria. Maintaining Loose Coupling: Autowiring facilitates loose coupling among components. By relying on the container to automatically wire dependencies, components are not directly aware of one another, making the system more modular and maintainable. Simplifying Dependency Injection: Autowiring can make it easier to configure a bean with several dependencies. Developers do not need to explicitly wire each dependency; Spring resolves and injects them based on the autowiring option selected. Easier Maintenance and Refactoring: Autowiring simplifies code maintenance and refactoring. When new dependencies are introduced or old ones are adjusted, the configuration file does not need to be explicitly updated; Spring can react to changes automatically. Promoting Convention Over Configuration: Autowiring is consistent with the Spring idea of “convention over configuration.” It encourages developers to utilise naming conventions or particular annotations, which allow Spring to infer dependencies and wire them appropriately. 20. What is a Spring IoC Container?  The Spring IoC (Inversion of Control) Container is a core component of the Spring Framework that manages the lifespan of Java objects, generally known as beans. Traditional Java programmes frequently delegate responsibilities for creating and managing objects (beans) to the application code. However, the Spring IoC Container reverses this control by taking over the task of producing and maintaining beans. The Spring IoC Container, has the following key properties and functionalities: Bean Definition: Bean definitions are metadata that explains how to construct and configure a bean. They are the foundation of the IoC Container. These bean definitions can be defined in XML files, Java configuration classes, or a combination of the two. Bean Lifespan Management: The container handles the whole lifespan of beans, including instantiation, dependency injection, initialization, and destruction. This enables developers to concentrate on building business logic while the container tackles infrastructural issues. Dependency Injection (DI): The IoC Container supports Dependency Injection, which is a crucial Spring Framework concept. Dependencies between beans are injected at runtime, eliminating tight coupling and improving application modularity and maintainability. Inversion of Control: Unlike traditional programming, the control flow in Internet of Things applications is inverted. Instead of the application code directing the execution flow, the IoC Container manages bean creation and wiring. Configuration Options: The IoC Container enables developers to configure beans via XML-based configuration files, Java-based configuration classes, or a mix of the two. This flexibility allows developers to select the configuration approach that best meets their needs and preferences. This also falls under one ofthe top-asked interview questions on Spring MVC. Hence, it is important to prepare Spring MVC framework interview questions when you’re preparing solo or even preparing a one-on-one mock interview with your friend.  21. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Spring MVC framework?  This is one of the popularly asked Java MVC interview questions. Additionally, knowing the advantages and disadvantages of the Spring Framework is extremely important while simultaneously preparing for Spring MVC interview questions for 5 years experience, as well as Spring boot MVC interview questions.  Advantages  Modular and Flexible: The design of Spring MVC is modular and flexible, enabling programmers to arrange their code in a logical and manageable way. It encourages the separation of issues, making it easier to handle various areas of the app. Loose Coupling: The framework promotes loose coupling between components, making it easier to replace or alter individual modules without impacting the overall system. This improves maintainability and encourages proper software design practices. Integration with Other Spring Technologies: Spring MVC works smoothly with other Spring Framework components including the Spring IoC container, Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming), and Spring Security. This allows for the creation of extensive and well-structured applications. Disadvantages Learning Curve: Spring MVC has a learning curve, particularly for developers new to the Spring Framework. Understanding concepts like inversion of control, dependency injection, and the MVC architecture might take time. Configuration Complexity: While Spring MVC provides configuration flexibility, some developers, particularly those working on bigger projects, may find XML-based configuration files or Java configuration classes to be complicated. This complexity can be reduced by good documentation and training. Annotation Overhead: While annotations can make code more succinct, using too many annotations might result in code that is difficult to read and comprehend. It is critical to find a balance between utilising annotations for convenience and ensuring code readability.  Wrapping Up This was all about the must-know Spring interview questions and answers revolving around the Spring framework – and Spring MVC, to be precise. If you’re a Java developer looking to get started with Spring, there couldn’t be a better time! Read more if you are looking for Java interview questions. Spend some of your precious time to get your hands on Java Spring interview questions and you will be good to go. Organizations are on a look-out for developers having strong command on this framework – thanks to the features it has to offer. The above questions have provided you with great insights about interview questions for Spring MVC freshers, Spring MVC interview questions and answers for experienced alike, accompanied with other scrutinizing details for this particular subject matter.  Enroll in Software Engineering Courses from the World’s top Universities. 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by Arjun Mathur

04 Mar 2024

Front End Developer Salary in India in 2023 [For Freshers & Experienced]
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Wondering what is the range of front end developer salary in India? Do you know what front end developers do and the salary they earn? Do you know why companies are not shying away from offering good front end developer salary in India ? Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more Thus, if you have the required skillset and are ready to keep yourself updated, your career as a Front End Developer is expected to keep growing onwards and upwards. This line stands true especially when we consider that a front end developer salary in India is directly or indirectly dependent on how upskilled and updated they are. The following article will give you a detailed insight into the front end developer salary in India and shed some light on what exactly front-end development is, its importance, and the roles and responsibilities of front-end developers.  Before we get into these details, let us begin with what front end development exactly is and who is a front end developer. This will be a great background for discussing front end developer salary in India and the responsibilities they are required to fulfill.  Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Check front end developer courses free at upGrad What is Front End Development? Simply put, front end development is what you would refer to as the client-side of development. Front end development is all about analyzing designs and codes as well as debugging applications. The objective of the front end or client-side development is to provide your users with a seamless experience of using a website. Front-end development is the process of developing websites, user interfaces, buttons, and UX (user experience) features. The front end aims to integrate user requirements while ensuring a positive user experience. Front-end application development comprises optimizing various interactive elements like navigation menus, survey forms, and site maps. Developing user-friendly and interactive navigation menus is an integral skill that front-end developers must have.  One of the significant trends in recent years is the growth of smartphones and smart devices, with users accessing the websites from their mobile phones. The sites have to be optimized by front-end developers for a consistent, clear, and high-quality user experience across all devices.   An upcoming front-end technology is the application of micro-front ends. This approach breaks down front-end applications into micro-manageable pieces for better maintenance and scalability.  It is all about managing and making better what users would see first in their web browsers. In other words, front end development is responsible for managing the design as well as the look and feel of a website. Because of the demand, front end developer salary in India is better. Benefits of Front-End Development The importance of front-end development is beyond the website’s aesthetics, look, and feel. It has substantial potential to affect a business’s ROI in many ways. Here are some benefits of high-quality front-end development. User Experience Front-end development plays an integral role in enhancing the website’s appeal. Websites that are highly functional and user-friendly tend to attract and retain more visitors. User-friendly navigation and interaction encourage users to explore your website, thereby increasing the conversion rates.  For example, websites with substandard front-end design may be difficult for mobile users to view, thereby leading to a high bounce rate. High-quality front-end development enables the site to fit seamlessly into the mobile screen, providing an interactive and comfortable user experience.  Maintenance Costs Organizations need to maintain different versions of the website that are optimized for mobile and desktop users, increasing maintenance costs. However, with assistance from modern front-end development techniques, one can develop websites optimized for mobile devices and desktop screens.  High-Speed Web Pages High speed is considered to be optimal. Users want individual web pages to load swiftly, and slower loading rates can lead to a high bounce rate, with users being disinterested in the content of your website. Faster loading speeds improve the search engine ranking as the former is a critical factor in ranking your website.  Conversion Rates Robust front-end development might lead to higher conversion rates. With users admiring the website’s look and easy navigation between the pages, they are likely to be converted to paying customers. For example, studies suggest that websites with robust web development can be indexed easily and facilitate better analysis.  Continuous Improvement Front-end developers are involved in continuously improving and refining the website by analyzing user behavior and examining the data submitted in survey forms. They monitor website performance by identifying areas of improvement to deliver an optimal user experience.   Accessibility Front-end developers focus on designing a website that is optimized for all users, especially those with disabilities. They follow guidelines like including an alternative text for images, easy navigation, and proper heading structure. Why Is It Important? Now that you have a basic understanding of what exactly is front end development, let’s take a look at the reason behind its growing importance, before moving further into the average salary of front end developer in India. Front-end development connects two crucial factors which are the website design and the back-end development. Website design basically refers to the vision, look and personality of your website, whereas back-end development refers to the content and the management areas of your site. Front-end development is actually responsible for the management of the user’s experience. It helps to create building blocks that are actually responsible for the way any user interacts with the website, which includes reading the content or even the actions that they are taking on your site. A good front end with a good design not only helps to create an easily accessible website but also lowers the risks of confusion. This is one of the main reasons behind the increasing demand for front-developers in India, and the lucrative front end web developer salary that comes along with it. With that said, let’s check out the average salary of front end developer in India that are listed below. It also includes the front end web developer salary in various states, as well as UI developer salary offered by various companies situated in India.  Check Out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp What languages are used in front end development?  The programming languages that are commonly used in front end development include JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. JQuery used to be preferred by front end developers. Still, it has lately lost its significance due to the inherent qualities of modern web browsers that provide them with the capabilities of doing the same work that JQuery can but much more quickly. Front end development also has a lot to do with grid systems, responsive designs, layouts, and typography, amongst other things. Front end development involves projects that are related to redesigning existing websites and building new ones from scratch. So if you want to be a front end developer and work with a top firm, you will need to ensure that you have what it takes to work on any of these project types. The basic purpose of front end development is to provide every user, who opens a website, all the information they need in an easy-to-consume format. While this looks easy, it isn’t when you consider all the different types of devices that people use to collect the information they need. So front end development is also about keeping into consideration different sizes and types of devices that users will be using to access a website’s information. Needless to say, a website to be the preferred choice of a particular category of users needs to be compatible with different browsers, devices, and operating systems. Now let us turn our attention to who a front end developer is before moving onto front end salary in India.  Check Out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Java Script  A popular programming language for web development, it enables users to add dynamic and interactive features. While Java is influenced by JavaScript, its formulation is similar to that of C programming language. JavaScript was developed by NetScape. It enables you to control multimedia, dynamically update content and animate images.  HTML  HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. The term hypertext refers to links. A text based framework that is in a file that has .htm or .html extension. The .htm and .html is used to store codes and enables file sharing between users. This language enables web developers to embed images, develop games and interact with other user’s operating systems. JQuery A Javascript Library that helps developers add functionality and interaction to a website. The framework comes with in-built functionality of modifying the document object model (DOM) tree of a web page. Some of the inbuilt functions in JQuery include ease in and ease out animations. You just need to call the inbuilt functions to implement them.  CSS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a programming language used to modify or add a layout in a web page. CSS can change the color, font, margin on a web page. This allows developers to create websites optimized for smartphones and tablets.  upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Who is a Front End Developer? A front end developer is a professional that is responsible for the coding of the client-side of a website. People often confuse between front end development and website design. A front end developer implements a website design on the web.  A front end developer makes sense of the different layers of a website and how they combine to deliver users a better experience. These layers include data, functionality, structure, content, and design. Front end developers take all of these layers and put them into a user-facing website in a way that they don’t face any trouble in navigating the website and experiencing the best things that a website has to offer. They integrate all the different elements of a website and create an environment that users can easily interact with. No wonder front end developers are so important and so much in demand. Because of these reasons, front end developer salary in India is never slowing down. So what salary do front end developers earn in India? Let’s see. Read more: Front-end Developer Resume: Complete Guide & Samples Front End Developer Salary in India The salary of a front end developer in India or for that matter any other country depends on several factors. Your skills in and knowledge of front end development can land you a job that can pay you well. However, if you want to earn more than the basic salary, you need to check a few boxes. Your experience as a front end developer is very important. The more experienced you are the better salary you will earn. Working at a top company also has its incentives. Your location of employment, the city you are working in, will also impact your salary as a front end developer. Additional skills can also play a very important role in helping you earn more. Let us now talk about the figures. Read: Full Stack Developer Salary in India Average Salary of a Front-end Developer The average front end developer salary in India is around Rs. 5,33,000 per annum. This figure can go up to a maximum of Rs. 1,126,000 per annum and come down to as low as Rs. 2,57,000 per annum depending on different factors that we have mentioned above. If you are looking to make the most of your skills and experience, make sure that you first look for jobs in top companies and at locations that pay well. What do different metro cities in India pay front end developers? Let’s find out. Front end developer salary breakdown Source Salary: ₹1,95,000 – ₹1,000,000 Bonus: ₹10,000 – ₹1,99,000 Profit Sharing: ₹10,000 – ₹5,46,000 Total Pay: ₹1,98,000 – ₹1,000,000 Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Factors Affecting Front End Developer Salary in India There can be multiple factors that actually affect the front end developer salary in India. It can even sometimes result in huge differences. The four main factors affecting the Front End Developer Salary in India are: Company – The company that you work for will have a direct impact on the salary you get. Experience – The more experience you have, the better is the ability to understand the roadblocks and provide quick solutions for bugs. A combination of experience and company will get salaries and positions that help create a mark. Front end developer salary per month is dependent on several factors. It is highly dependent on factors like industry, skills and experience.  For instance, the front end developer pay   according to the experience is stated below –  The average salary of front end developer in India amounts to 1.2 Lakhs. This is applicable for the average front end developer salary for freshers where as a  senior front end developer salary can range between  3.6 Lakhs to 24 Lakhs with an average annual salary  of 8.4 Lakhs P.A. Location – In the coming years, location is all set to play a smaller role in the salary you can expect. But, even then, location will continue to have an impact on the salary you can ask for and get from a prospective employer. Skill – The important skills you have, the better is the ability to understand. Location is all set to play a vital role in deciding the Front End Developer salary in India. Front End Developer Salary in India: Based on Company Let us now see what top companies pay their front end developers. The Sapient Corporation is at the top of the list. It pays its front end developers somewhere around Rs. 9,83,000 per annum. HCL Technologies and Capgemini make the top three. Source They pay salaries in the range of Rs. 7,50,000 per annum and Rs. 7,40,000 per annum respectively. The salary of a front end developer at Freshdesk is around Rs. 6,95,000 per annum. Companies that pay the lowest salaries to front end developers include Accenture (3,60,000 per annum), Cognizant (5,00,000 per annum), and Tata Consultancy Services Limited (5,90,000 per annum).  Front End Developer Salary in India: Based on Experience The industry has specific criteria for determining the salary range of applicants at different experience levels. The range of expected CTC for fresher front-end developers would differ from that of a senior front-end developer’s salary. Let us break down front end developer salary in India, depending on how many years of experience you have in your bag – If you are just entering the job market and have little to no experience, you can expect to earn around Rs. 3,00,000 per annum including bonuses and incentives. A front end developer with 1-4 years of experience receives around 4,50,000 per annum as compensation. With an experience of 5-9 years, you can easily make around Rs. 8,44,000 per annum. A veteran in the field with Rs. 10-19 years of experience expectedly earns around 1,375,000 per annum. Source So as you can your compensation increases significantly with your experience. Front end developers with great experience can earn nearly 182% more than their inexperienced counterparts. Mid-level developers also earn a salary, which is over 70% more than the average base salary. It is clear from this discussion the impact that your experience has on your salary.  Entry-Level Front End Developer Salary in India The average entry-level Front End Developer salary in India is ₹301,326. Source Mid-Level Front End Developer Salary in India The average mid-level Front End Developer salary in India is ₹840,856. Source Experienced Front End Developer Salary in India The average experienced Front End Developer salary in India is ₹1,374,736. Source In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Front End Developer Salary in India: Based on Location The average salary of a front end developer in the National Capital is Rs. 6,08,000 per annum. Let’s look at what do front end developers earn on an average in the neighboring Gurgaon. It’s the same as New Delhi – Rs. 6,08,000 per annum. This figure takes a significant dip in Mumbai. A front end developer earns Rs. 4,86,000 per annum on an average in the Financial Capital of India. Source In Bangalore, the average salary is Rs. 6,45,000 per annum, better than all the three cities that we discussed so far. A front end developer makes around 5,80,000 per annum in Hyderabad. The salary in Chennai is Rs. 5,62,000 per annum, very close to the national average. Pune is also close to its neighbour Mumbai at Rs. 4,92,000 per annum.  Learn about: Front End Project Ideas & Topics For Beginners Front End Developer Salary in India: Based on Skills  The salary of a front-end web developer is around Rs. 3,00,000 per annum. If you are proficient in JavaScript as a front end developer, you can expect to make around 5,06,000 per annum on average. React.js is another skill that can help you earn a higher salary than others. If you have this skill, you will be paid around 5,98,000 per annum. Other skills include HTML5 (4,63,000 per annum), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) (4,53,000 per annum), and Angular.js (4,98,000 per annum).  Popular skills for front end developers Source Let us see the percentage change in your salary when you have these skills. So a front end developer skilled in React.js is generally paid 23% more than those that don’t have this skill. Similarly, proficiency in Node.js can help you earn a salary that is 22% higher than usual. Other skills that can help increase your salary as a front end developer include web development (15%), JavaScript (4%), Angular.js (2%), and jQuery (1%). Other skills that may not have too much of an effect include Bootstrap, HTML, and CSS.  Salaries of Related Jobs Source Now let us pay our attention to the salaries of professionals with related skill sets. The salary of a software engineer is around Rs. 2,55,000-1,000,000 per annum depending on experience and other factors. A Senior Software Engineer earns in the range of Rs. 4,78,000-2,000,000 per annum. Other job salaries include web developer (Rs. 1,23,000-7,75,000 per annum), software developer (Rs. 2,07,000-1,000,000 per annum), PHP developer (Rs. 1,19,000-6,11,000 per annum), web designer (Rs. 1,18,000-6,22,000 per annum), UI developer (Rs. 2,01,000-1,000,000 per annum), and IT Team Leader (Rs. 5,86,000-2,000,000 per annum).  These figures are an approximation of what you can expect to earn as a front end developer in India. There could be variations in these numbers too. And a lot of those variations would depend on your individual abilities. Your qualification and experience can only get you so far. It is more about how you use those skills in a practical environment. Your coordination with other members of your team is also very important. Finally, how well you are able to showcase your skills and experience and how well you exhibit your unique qualities during your interview would determine the salary you are offered.  Source Front End Developer Salary in Other Countries Front End Developer salary in The US: $76,929. Source Front End Developer salary in The UK: £31,722. Source Let us now see what you would be required to do as a front end developer. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? What Does a Front End Developer Do? The roles and responsibilities of front-end developers may vary across different companies. However, some of the most common or basic responsibilities of front end developers are listed below. This will help you have a better understanding of some of the factors that drive the front end web developer salary.  A front end developer is responsible for everything that a user sees and does on the website -From clicking to inputting or retrieving information. Let us list down a few more responsibilities that a front end developer is required to fulfill: Use JavaScript, HTML, or CSS to turn an idea into reality Ensuring exceptional user experience Produce and maintain user interfaces of web applications and websites Making websites more interactive for users in different browsers Taking care of mobile site design Managing software workflow Site testing and bug fixing Job Opportunities for a Front-End Developer The industry has a recurring need for skilled engineers to maintain web plugins. The types of front-end jobs available to apply for are enlisted below: 1. JavaScript Developer The primary function is to develop custom-based web applications using Javascript, HTML, and CSS skills. Javascript jobs for freshers require them to collaborate and design API protocols by being a part of cross-functional teams. A senior-level web developer would be expected to conduct performance analysis and provide real-time solutions to clients. 2. Web Developer In addition to the above skills, a web developer is required to excel in React, AngularJS, MySQL, WordPress, and Adobe Photoshop to establish an interactive user interface. It is necessary that the website developed operates seamlessly across every gadget. 3. Web Designer The role of a Web Designer is to develop websites using professional design skills to create an interactive output. Visual Design and Interaction Designs like graphics and videos help communicate better with the end-user, along with the usage of HTML and CSS. 4. CSS/HTML Developer An engineer interested in HTML and CSS exclusively without a background in Javascript can apply to this role. He would be responsible for building front-end applications using computer science skills. 5. SEO Expert This role demands knowledge of Search Engine Optimization tactics and user engagement monitoring. An engineer should have an extensive skill set in developing technologies with respect to SEO strategies.     6. UI Designer Front end developers transitioning to UI designers shouldn’t be difficult. UI designers implement the look and feel for the website by integrating a visual design that includes colorful fonts, textures, patterns and user interactive buttons. UI designers collaborate with UX designers for user testing websites.  7. Mobile Developer  As front-end developers work on enhancing the visual appeal of the websites transitioning to working as a Mobile Developer should be easy. Mobile developers must tinker around with Android operating systems and Apple iOs by developing programming languages that work well on smartphones and Apple devices.    8. Front-end Architect Front end architects are responsible for implementing front end architecture of web applications. They analyze requirements, design technical specifications and guide the front-end developers to implement scalable solutions. Their role also involves examining whether code standards and style guides are being followed.  Front End Developer Skills Improvement Till now, we have learnt about UI developer salary, across various states and companies in India. But what are the skill sets that every UI developer is expected to have? There are a few skills that every front end developer needs to master in order to land a high paying job. The first of these skills is coding.  1. So, if you are not good at JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, then you aren’t good enough for this role. But one thing that every front end developer needs to realize is that coding is not all about the quality of the code. There are other things at play as well. Your code can be as well-maintained and clean as possible but if you are not able to provide a great experience to the users, there is no point in having that quality code. The quality of the code matter but the experience trumps everything else. Experienced developers don’t focus too much on code quality. They work towards the experience first. You need to strike the right balance. 2. Design is also an important skill to have. And it’s both interactive and visual design that we are talking about here. Front end developers should know how the web works to determine what they can and cannot do when it comes to the design of a website. You also need to keep yourself updated about the web is used by different people. As we alluded to earlier, front end developers are different from designers. However, we can safely say that they both complement each other.  3. Communication is also very important. Developers aren’t usually too friendly; however, they need to be. You can sit behind your computers the entire day, work on your code, and not talk to anyone. But if there is a need, you should be able to talk to people. It could be a designer, another developer, your project manager, or a user. You need to be able to communicate with all these people and more to grow in your career.  Node.js- The most important responsibility of a front end developer is enabling a pleasant user experience. This means that you need to make sure that your website is free of any kinds of unnecessary waits or delays, so that it can be accessed easily by thousands or sometimes even millions of users. As a front end developer, it is therefore very important that you know the in and outs of Node.js and use the same as a runtime environment for JavaScript, in order to avoid delays, and process a high quantity of requests. This will guarantee a smooth experience for every user.  Currently, Node.js is considered to be one of the most popular technologies used in back end development. However, the excellent framework provided by this technology is not just limited to the back end users. It offers both useful minimalism and speed, the two key ingredients required for an exceptional user experience. Most of the technologies that are used by front-end developers like bundlers or task runners are typically built on JavaScript and then executed by Node.js. Infact, many CSS transformation tools, or scripting languages are based on JavaScript. PostCSS is a brilliant example of the same.  React is mainly used by many front end developers to build user interfaces. It is almost similar to HTML, however contrary to HTML, React gives you the power to display dynamic changing data. Although there are multiple JavaScript technologies that are available in the market, React by far is one of the most popular ones. It possesses the ability to use JavaScript for creating HTML, instead of enhancing or refining HTML that already exists. Furthermore, React allows fast, user-friendly, and dynamic adaptations that are totally based on the way a user interacts with te website. How it does the same is by automatically updating the DOM and responding to the user’s request accordingly. In certain scenarios such as while developing applications that live on the web but have functionalities like full-featured desktop programs, React can be extremely helpful. Websites with single-page applications are often dependent on React to ensure a smooth user experience and elicit fast seamless responses.  Java –Although Java might sound very similar to JavaScript, it is not at all so. Infact, Java and JavaScript are two completely different languages, that serve different purposes. One example to help you better understand might include, JavaScript is used by front end developers for making any website more interactive and responsive, thus enabling a pleasant user experience. Java, on the other hand, is used by back end developers. There are several reasons behind the huge popularity of Java. Some of them include: It is ubiquitous- Any Java-based program can be run on any computer that has Java Runtime Environment installed. This includes Window, Linux, Macintosh, and quite a few mobile operations as well. Therefore, Java is considered to be one the best programming languages for developing mobile apps and web enterprise services.  Design- The second factor that contributes to the huge demand for Java is its object-oriented design. Java is basically an object-oriented programming language that uses programming ‘objects’ for defining behavior in both abstract concepts and real-life objects.  Both these skills are undoubtedly very useful both for back end developers and frontend developer salary in India.  Web Performance Optimization is the process of increasing website speed. Faster loading can ensure high visitor retention rates and can improve user experience. This holds good on mobile devices when the user particularly has a slow internet connection.   Graphic Design plays an integral skill set for a web developer. Websites need to be visually appealing and engage the user. They are more than just a series of texts.  Figma, Photoshop, Illustrator are some of the design packages used by the developers. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a process of ensuring that your website is accessible by search engine bots. SEO is a dedicated domain of its own but as a front-end developer it will be rewarding in terms of salary and scope. Developers are mostly in-charge of on-page SEO. Internal linking,  breadcrumb navigation (navigation aid that helps the user make sense of the location) are some of the on-page SEO practices.  With this, we come to an end of the various skills and responsibilities that drive such lucrative frontend developer salary in India.  Also read: Software Developer Salary in India Get Software Development Course from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Apart from these technical skills, a Front End Developer’s salary depends on certain non-technical skills he/she possesses: 1. Group Dynamics It is important for a web developer to consider the strengths and weaknesses of every team member to reap the best productive result. Every member of the team would specialize in either coding or designing. Operating in a time crunch with effective user solutions would be possible only when the team is well-knit. 2. Smooth Accessibility The website built and maintained needs to be designed to operate across individuals, including those who have been impaired. Designers should be collaborative and inclusive in their approach to visual elements and graphical representations. 3. Adaptability A developer needs to be prepared for change. He should accept criticism constructively and ensure that requisite changes are made to captivate the user. This would increase the chances of website visibility. Users appreciate companies who incorporate changes to deliver effective output.  4. Brainstorming The role of a developer requires creativity in troubleshooting problem areas. He must be able to dissect complex goals into clustered groups to provide effective solutions. This must be done without interrupting the ongoing website accessibility.  Communication Teams collaborate on various projects to discuss, design and develop a product. The hiring managers will take account of a candidate’s ability to communicate clearly and fluently. A skilled developer must be a good listener and communicate clearly with team members in team meetings. They should respond quickly to a junior member’s feedback and suggestions.  Problem Solving Skills While developing a robust software, it is essential to address problems and come up with solutions. Having a problem solving skill requires a lot of experience and practice. Many developers are misguided by the problem and create more bugs in the application, which is why a web developer needs to learn basic and advanced problem solving skills.  Time Management Time Management is one of the key aspects of developing software as a developer is tasked with multiple projects. Time management is challenging but by creating a schedule and most importantly, sticking to it will increase your productivity at work.  Now, as we have a fair idea about front end developer salary in India, different job titles,  key responsibilities, the technical and soft skills required to assume the role of a front end developer, let’s look at the scope. Front End Developer Scope The prospect of working as a front-end developer looks promising with exciting opportunities on-board. As technology undergoes a lot of changes, front-end development witnesses a lot of transformations. Some of the noticeable trends in front-end development are – Evolving Technologies and Tools Front-end development is undergoing a lot of changes with the advent of technologies and tools. From evolution in front-end frameworks and libraries to rapid changes in web design tools and methodologies, the future is bright with cutting edge technologies that will enhance front-end developer’s technical capabilities.  Demand for interactive and user friendly websites Experience of the visitors is a critical factor for the success of a website. As demand for user-friendly websites increases, front end developers will play a major role in enhancing the appeal of the website by integrating icons, buttons, interactive pop-ups, navigational menus and other interactive elements that enhance the overall experience of the users.  Conclusion Front end developers will always be in demand. If you know how the web works and how users want it to work, you could be a great fit. Front end development is a great opportunity to have a stable, high paying job.  We hope you liked our article on front end developer salary in India. These numbers above are not set in stone. The real influencer of your salary is the skills you have,  the mastery you have attained over them, and how quickly you grow and make the company grow as well. If you’re interested to learn more about full-stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Program in Full-stack Software Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects, and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms. Refer to your Network! If you know someone, who would benefit from our specially curated programs? Kindly fill in this form to register their interest. We would assist them to upskill with the right program, and get them a highest possible pre-applied fee-waiver up to ₹70,000/- You earn referral incentives worth up to ₹80,000 for each friend that signs up for a paid programme! Read more about our referral incentives here.
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by Rohan Vats

04 Mar 2024

Method Overloading in Java [With Examples]
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Java is a versatile language that follows the concepts of Object-Oriented Programming. Many features of object-oriented programming make the code modular, reusable, flexible, and easy to debug. There are many features of Object-oriented programming, such as inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction. In this article, we will discuss method overloading in Java which is the type of polymorphism. The article also contains some unique examples to help you get a better understanding.  Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Polymorphism Polymorphism means the ability to appear in different forms. It allows the same method to show different behaviors using different methods. There are two types of Polymorphism: Method Overloading and Method Overriding. Method overloading means multiple methods are having the same name but different arguments. Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more Method Overriding means the child class can have a method with the same name as the parent class but with a different implementation. We will discuss Method Overloading in more detail in this article. For Method Overriding, you can visit upGrad and get insights. Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Method Overloading in Java Method Overloading in Java is one of the most useful features of an Object-Oriented Language. It allows a class to have multiple methods with the same name. The only difference that these methods have is the different list of parameters that are passed through these methods. It can be understood in simple terms with a simple example. A class addition has two methods named add(), one method has parameters int a and int b, while the other has three integer parameters, i.e., int a, int b, and int c. Therefore, the add() method is said to be overloaded. Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) The method which will be executed will depend upon the number of parameters passed in the method calling statement. To illustrate, add(20,30) will call the add() method having two parameters, and add(10,20,30) will call the add method with three parameters. For example, a class may include two various “add” methods. One of them accepts two double values, i.e., “add(double a double b),” and another accepts the two integer values with the syntax: “add(int a, int b).” This important method overloading example implies that the computer automatically determines which method to call at run-time depending on the variable types passed to the method. upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Different Ways to Overload a Method Method overloading in Java can be achieved in different ways. As we have understood that it is the list of parameters that differentiate the two methods with the same name in Java. The different ways of method overloading in Java can be achieved by varying parameters list in one of the below way. Here are some of the different ways of method overloading in Java, along with example of method overloading in Java:  Number of parameters The data type of parameters The sequence of Data type of parameters The Number of Parameters As it is clear from the name that there will be a different number of parameters in the overloaded methods which will decide which method to execute seeing the method call statement. Below is the method overloading in Java, where the number of parameters varies. Method1: add(int, int) Method2: add(int, int, int) Method calling statement add(20,30) will execute the method1 and Method calling statement add(10,20,30) will execute the method2. Method Overloading by changing the number of parameters (or arguments):  Multiply()    (This method overloading in java example is without parameter) Multiply(int a, int b)    (This overload method multiplies with two parameters) Multiply(int a, int b, int c)    (This overload method multiplies with three parameters)  These three examples change the number of parameters in the Multiply () method. Likewise, you can add more parameters to overload more Multiply() methods in the same class. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses The Data Type of Parameters In this type of method overloading in Java, the two java methods of a class have the same name, and the number of parameters can be the same or different, but the data type of parameters will differ. Method1: add(int, int) Method2: add(int, float) Method3: add(float, float) In the above methods, the method name is the same, but the data type of the parameters is different. So, method calling statement add(2, 5.5) will execute the method2. Similarly, add(7.5, 10.25) will execute the method3. Method Overloading by changing the data type of any single or all parameters: Multiply(int x, int y)    (This method overloading in java example has same data type for both the parameters.) Multiply(int x, float y)    (In this overload method, the second parameter has a different data type.)   Multiply(int x, int y, float z)    (In this overload method, the third parameter has a different data type.) -The last two examples of method overloading show different data types of parameters. You can make such combinations to overload a Java method ‘multiply’. Get Software Engineering degrees from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. The Sequence of the Data Type of Parameters In this type of method overloading in Java, both the method name and the number of parameters is the same, but the difference lies in the sequence of data types of these parameters. Below is the example of overloaded methods: Method1: add(int, float) Method2: add(float, int) Here, calling the statement to add(100, 75.5) will call the method1 to execute, and add(55.25, 150) will execute method2. Therefore, it is the parameters in the calling statement that decide which overloaded method will be executed. Read: Method Overloading in Java Example of method overriding In the realm of Java programming, method overloading emerges as a powerful tool, empowering you to enhance code flexibility and achieve code reuse by defining multiple methods within the same class that share the same name but possess distinct parameter lists. This construct explains method overloading in java, allows you to tailor method behavior based on the provided arguments, streamlining development and promoting well-structured code. Delving into the Mechanism: The magic of method overloading unfolds at compile time, where the appropriate method variant is selected based on the number and types of arguments you provide when calling the method. This compile-time binding ensures that the correct implementation is invoked, ensuring predictable and reliable code execution. Crafting a Compelling Example – Real TimeExample of method overloading program in Java: To illustrate the essence of method overloading, consider the following scenario: Java class Animal { void sound() { System.out.println(“Animal makes a sound”); } } class Dog extends Animal { @Override void sound() { System.out.println(“Dog barks”); } void sound(String message) { System.out.println(“Dog says: ” + message); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Animal animal = new Dog(); // Upcasting animal.sound(); // Calls the overridden method in Dog class (no arguments) Dog dog = new Dog(); dog.sound(); // Calls the overridden method in Dog class (no arguments) dog.sound(“Hello!”); // Calls the overloaded method with String argument } } In this example, the Dog class extends the Animal class and: Overrides the sound() method to provide its specific implementation (no arguments). Overloads the sound() method by adding a new variant that accepts a String argument, allowing more specific behavior. Advantages of Method Overloading in Java: Enhanced Readability: Overloading allows using meaningful method names that reflect the operation performed, depending on the argument types and count. Improved Code Organization: It enables grouping related methods within a class, simplifying code structure and making it easier to manage. Increased Flexibility: Developers can implement methods that perform similar functions but with different input parameters, offering flexibility in method usage. Code Reuse: By overloading methods, code duplication is minimized, promoting reuse and making the codebase more maintainable. Exploring Method Overriding in Java: An integral complement to method overloading is method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass. This technique is pivotal for achieving runtime polymorphism and enhancing flexibility in how objects of different classes are treated. For instance, in a scenario where multiple classes inherit from a common superclass, each subclass can override a generic method defined in the superclass to exhibit behavior that’s specific to the subclass. Example of Method Overriding in Java: Consider a class Vehicle with a method move(). A subclass Car can override this method to provide a specific implementation, such as System.out.println(“Car drives on the road”);, while a Boat subclass might implement it as System.out.println(“Boat sails on the water”);. This illustrates how method overriding allows subclasses to tailor inherited methods to their specific needs, ensuring that the correct version of a method is called based on the object’s runtime type, not its compile-time type. Essential Best Practices: While method overloading offers immense benefits, adhering to key best practices is crucial: Meaningful Method Names: Opt for descriptive names that elucidate the purpose of each overloaded method, enhancing code readability and maintainability. Balance over Excess: While overloading promotes flexibility, avoid creating numerous methods with similar functionality. Strive for a balance to prevent code clutter and confusion. Distinct Parameter Signatures: When designing overloaded methods, carefully consider the types and order of parameters to establish clear and intuitive signatures. This mitigates ambiguity and unexpected behavior. Comprehensive Documentation: Provide clear and concise documentation for each overloaded method, including details about parameters, return values, and intended use. This aids understanding and reduces potential misuse. Rigorous Testing: Conduct thorough testing with diverse input values to ensure each overloaded method operates as expected. This guarantees code reliability and robustness. Why Do We Need Method Overloading in Java? Now that you have learned the different ways, as well as different method overloading example in Java, let’s take a look at the importance of method overloading in Java.  If the programmer has created a method in Java to perform some action, but later as part of the requirement the programmer wants the same method to act on different parameters, then the coder can simply use the feature of method overloading in Java. This will allow the programmer to create the methods of performing similar functions with the same name so that they do not have to remember the names later. After understanding what is method overloading in java, the next crucial thing is to know what its need is. Overloading is very useful in Java. It allows you to overload methods as long as the number of parameters (arguments) or type varies for each method. You may want to perform a complex mathematical operation. but occasionally want to do it using two or three numbers. In those cases, function overloading in java proves useful. If the programmer has created a method in Java to perform some action, but later as part of the requirement the programmer wants the same method to act on different parameters, then the coder can simply use the feature of method overloading in Java. This will allow the programmer to create the methods of performing similar functions with the same name so that they do not have to remember the names later. In overloading, a class can accept multiple methods with the same name, distinguished by the number and type of arguments passed in the method. A method overloading example can be used to simplify your calls through the method with the minimum possible numbers of arguments whenever all defaults are acceptable. Alternatively, you can also use it when there are multiple ways to identify the same thing, i.e., name (using String data type) and ID (using Long data type).  In the discussed examples, after the overloaded methods achieve initialization, irrespective of the task, it can be done through a common method. Moreover, method overloading affects the methods at the runtime. When understanding what is method overloading in java, you also need to know what method binding is. Because the method overloading is static polymorphism, the methods are bound in the compilation process. Methods’ binding occurs at compile time. Hence, many processes like checking or binding are unnecessary during run time. If you only alter the method’s return, it is not considered method overloading. It leads to ambiguity errors. Note that the order of arguments, number of arguments, and type of arguments are subsets of the actual method overloading. Let’s know about the advantages of performing method overloading in Java. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Advantages of Performing Method Overloading in Java Below are some of the advantages of method overloading in Java: It improves the readability of the written code. It adds cleanliness to the code written. It can be used on constructors also so that we can create different objects by passing different data. It gives the programmers the flexibility of calling different methods with similar names. Overloaded methods can have different return types. Method overloading properties in Java In function overloading in java, methods are bound in the compilation process known as static binding. The compiler bind method calls the actual method. The overloaded methods work quickly because they are bonded during compile time, and no binding or check is needed during runtime. Two overloaded methods should have a unique signature. Below points explain the properties of a method signature in Java The numbers of arguments and the type of argument to a method are parts of the method signature. The return type of method is not a part of the method signature. Order of arguments is also part of the method signature, but they should be of a different type. Must Read: Career in Java Rules for Method Overloading in Java The first rule is to change the method signature. Method signature refers to the number of arguments, the sequence of parameters, and the data type of parameters. If we only change the return type of the method keeping the method name and arguments the same, then this will not be the method overloading but will give rise to a compilation error. It is also important to note that the name of the method and the overloaded methods should be the same. Features Of Method Overloading In Java Mentioned below are some of the top features of method overloading in Java: Method overloading is static polymorphism, meaning the methods are bound during compilation. One of the common misconceptions is that only changing the return of the method can account for method overloading. However, that is not at all true and can result in ambiguity error.  The type of arguments, order of arguments as well as number of arguments comprise the actual method overloading. Binding of methods is done at compile time, whereas overloading affects the run-time. This means many processes like binding or checking are not required during the run time.  What is Function Overloading In Java? Function overloading is mainly used to increase the efficiency of a program and reduce the complexities. It does so by involving more segregated functions that can be used to distinguish between each other according to their individual functionalities. Function overloading in Java basically occurs when functions with the same name can have different parameters passed to them. Overloaded functions are related to static polymorphism or compile time. They can further be used to calculate various mathematical or logical operations that is present within the number of assigned variables in the method.  One of the biggest advantages of function overloading is that you no longer need to create methods that have the same thing as work that is done inside a respective function. This not only provides a solution to the problem of conflicting names but also helps to increase the readability of the program.  Important Points about Method Overloading in Java Any code written in Java cannot have methods with the same name. If we create 2 methods with the same name in Java, it will throw a compilation error. This can be achieved through method overloading. Method overloading allows programmers to write two or more than two methods with the same name, but different parameter lists. Method overloading in Java is similar to constructor overloading. The only difference is method overloading occurs for the methods defined in the class while constructor overloading is for the constructor methods of the class. In method overloading in Java, the overloaded methods have a different list of parameters. It has nothing to do with the return type of the method. As an example; if two methods are having the same name and same list of parameters, but different return types, then this is not method overloading in Java, but is an invalid case. Method 1: int Add (float, float) Method 2: float Add (float, float) This is the invalid case of method overloading as both the Add() methods have the same name and same list of parameters. Below is the code that explains the Method Overloading in Java: Class sum{                private int a;                private int b;                private int c;                private int d;                int public add(int a, int b){                                int c;                                c=a+b;                                return c;                }                int public add(int a, float b){                                int c;                                c=a+b;                                return c;                }                int public add(float a, float b){                                int c;                                c=a+b;                                return c;                }                int public add(float a, int b, int c){                                int d;                                d=a+b+c;                                return d;                }   } Public static void main (String[]args) {                // Creating object of the class in main method                sum obj1 = new sum();                sum1=obj1.add(10,20);                sum2=obj1.add(10,55.5);                sum3=obj1.add(110.5,25.5);                sum4=obj1.add(10,20,30); } Also Read: Pattern Programs in Java What is not method overloading in Java? Till now, we have looked at some of the basic method overloading example in Java, The following examples help you to know what is not considered method overloading in Java.  Example:1 public void multiply(int c, int d) public void multiply(int m, int n)  Example:2 public void multiply(int a, int b, float c) public void multiply(int m, int n, float p)  Example:3 public void multiply(int d, float e, int f) public int multiply(int p, float q, int r) Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Conclusion In this article, the Method Overloading in Java was discussed in detail, explaining its types, rules, and advantages. The topic was explained in-depth with the help of examples. Let us know in the comments if you have any doubt regarding overloading in Java.   If you’re interested to learn more about Java, full-stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s PG Diploma in Full-stack Software Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects, and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms. [sc_fs_multi_faq headline-0=”h2″ question-0=”What are the benefits of Java?” answer-0=”Java has a number of features that set it apart from other languages and environments, making it ideal for almost every programming task. To begin with, Java is simple to learn because it was created to be simple to use, making it easier to write, build, debug, and learn than other programming languages. Second, it is object-oriented, allowing you to write modular applications and code that can be reused. Finally, Java is platform-agnostic, which is one of its most major advantages since it can simply shift from one computer system to another, something that other programming languages can’t accomplish. Java has become a language of choice for offering multinational Internet solutions because of its durability, simplicity of use, cross-platform flexibility, and security features.
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by Rohan Vats

27 Feb 2024

50 Most Asked Javascript Interview Questions & Answers [2024]
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Javascript Interview Question and Answers In this article, we have compiled the most frequently asked JavaScript Interview Questions. These questions will give you an acquaintance with the type of questions that an interviewer might ask you during your interview. JavaScript is a scripting language that is extremely useful in web development. Brendan Eich developed JavaScript back in 1995 and it is used by giants like Facebook and Google. It is quite impossible to fathom the versatility of JavaScript. Interviewers are always trying to gauge the knowledge of a prospective employee before handing them the appointment letter. So, it’s essential to brush up on your JavaScript knowledge. Here are some of the Javascript interview questions that an interviewer can ask you if you are going for an interview. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. The javascript interview questions and answers have been divided into three categories: Beginner Level Intermediate Level Advanced Level Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Javascript interview questions and answers – Beginner Level Q1. How are JavaScript and Java different from each other? Javascript is Object-oriented programming or OOP scripting language. Java is Object-oriented programming or OOP programming language JavaScript can be run only on a browser. Java helps in creating applications that can be run on a browser or a virtual machine. JS is presented in textual form. Java requires compilation.  Refer to the below-mentioned table to understand the differences between the two-   JavaScript Java It is interpreted. It is compiled. Executed along with HTML. Independent language, executed using JVM (Java Virtual Machine). It can be coded using any code editor. Need specific JDK (Java Development KIT) and specific IDEs to code in Java. Used for front-end Used for back-end Dynamic type checking  Static type checking  Executed in browser Executed in JVM.   This constitutes one of the most asked javascript interview questions. Make sure to prepare well for these questions.  Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Q2. What is JavaScript? JavaScript is a lightweight and interpreted programming language with object-oriented capacity. It helps you to develop interactivity into static HTML pages. Benefits of JavaScript include- It is speedy Simple to work with Adapted widely, making it popular. Interoperable Extended functionality Efficient performance Rich interface Less server interaction This is among the javascript interview questions for freshers 2024; you may expect a question like such in your interview. Make sure to elaborate your answer a little more by mentioning the advantages of the technology. This will add depth to your answer.  Q3. What data types do JavaScript support? There are a few data types that JavaScript supports, which are: Boolean Null String Undefined Symbol Object Number Q4. What are the different features of JavaScript? Javascript is a lightweight and interpreted programming language. It has been designed to create applications which are network-centric. It is complementary to Java and integrated with it. JavaScript is a cross-platform and open scripting language Scripting language Statement loopings Ability to perform Light-weight and delicate Interpreter centred Client edge technology  Validation of user’s input  This question can be expected in javascript interview questions 2024.  Q5. Is JavaScript case-sensitive? Yes , JavaScript is case-sensitive. Q6. What advantages does JavaScript have? Some advantages are: Lower interaction with the server: With the help of JavaScript, you will be able to validate any user-based input before you send off the page to the server.  Instant feedback to visitors: Visitors can immediately find out if they forgot to enter anything even before the page reloads.  Increase in Interactivity: With JavaScript, you can create different interfaces which can react once the user hovers the mouse over them or uses the keyboard to activate them. Faster: It is an interpreting language, thus reducing the time required by other languages.  Simple: It is easy to understand and learn. The structure is simple for the users and the developers.  Popular: All modern browsers support JavaScript; it has become popular and is adopted by various organisations and developers. Interoperable: It works very efficiently with other programming languages. Interface: It provides various interfaces to the users to develop the browsers.  Versatile: It is capable of handling front-end and back-end development.  Less Overhead: JavaScript improves browsers, webpages, and websites by reducing the code length.  Javascript interview questions for freshers like these must be well structured while answering. It will bring more clarity to your answer and help establish a positive impression on your recruiter. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Q7: How can one create an object using JavaScript? Since JavaScript is an Object-oriented programming scripting language, it supports the concept of Object. By using Object literal, you can create an object.  Q8. How can one use JavaScript to create an Array? If you want to define arrays in JavaScript, you can do so by using an array literal. Example: var x = []; var y = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; Q9. What is the name function in JavaScript and how can you define it? A named function in JavaScript declares a name once it gets defined. Example: function named(){ // write code here } Q10. Can one assign an anonymous function to a variable and then pass it as an argument to another function? With Javascript, it is possible to assign an anonymous function to a variable and pass it as an argument in another function. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Q11. In JavaScript, what is an argument object, and how can you get argument types passed to a function? Variable arguments in JavaScript represent arguments that are passed to a function. You can use the typeof operator to get the type of arguments.  Q12. In JavaScript, what are the scopes of a variable? Scope of a variable means the region of your program within which it is defined. There are two scopes: Global Variables: A global variable has a global scope meaning that it will be visible everywhere within your code. Local Variables: Local variables will only be visible within the function in which it has been defined. Refer to the below-mentioned table- Local Variables Global variables Defined within functions Defined outside functions. Have local scope Have global scope Can be only used within functions that define them. Can be used by any function without passing to the function as parameters.  Q13. What does the ‘This’ operator in JavaScript do? The ‘This’ keyword used in JavaScript talks about the object to which it belongs. It has many different values, and it depends on where it is used.  Some of the ‘this’ keyword uses are mentioned below- Refers to an object. Refers to objects depending upon how it is used.  Allows reusing functions in different execution contexts. Q14. What is referred to a ‘Callback’? A callback is a JavaScript function passed to some method as an option or an argument. The Callback is a function that needs to be executed after another function has finished executing. Some of the properties of a callback include the following- It is a function passed as an argument to another function. Allows a function to call another function.  It is to be executed when after another function has been executed.  Javascript interview questions and answers must be answered mentioning properties. This allows for establishing a good understanding and reputation in front of the recruiters.  Q15. Define Closure. Closure is developed when a specific variable is defined outside the current scope, and  is accessed from within with some inner scope.  Properties of closure in javascript- Makes it possible to have ‘private’ variables.  Has access to the parent scope, even if the parent function has closed.  Gives access to the outer function’s scope from an inner function.  In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Q16. What are some of the built-in methods in JavaScript and what are the values returned by them? Some of the built-in methods and the values returned by them are: Concat() helps to join two or more than two strings CharAt() helps to return the character at the specific index forEach() helps to call a function for each element present in the array length() helps to return the length of the string indexOf() helps in returning the index within the calling String object of the first occurrence of the specific value push() helps to add one or more than one element to the end of an array and then return the new length of that array pop() helps to remove the last element from an array and return that element reverse() helps to reverse the order of elements of an array Q17. What are a few conventions of naming variables in JavaScript? A few rules are: One should not use any JavaScript reserved keyword as the variable name.  Variable names in JavaScript cannot start with a numerical that is within 0-9.  Variable names in JavaScript are case sensitive.  Q18.  What is the work of the TypeOf Operator? The typeof operator can be used to get the datatype of its operand. The specified operand can be a data structure or a literal such as a function, object or a variable. The properties of TypeofOperator- Returns a string indicating the type of operand’s value. It is used for type checking. The operand can be of any variable. Q19. How can you create a cookie with the help of JavaScript? You can create a cookie in JavaScript simply by assigning a string value to the document.cookie object.  The syntax: document.cookie = “key1 = value1; key2 = value2; expires = date”; Q20. How can you use JavaScript to read a cookie? You can read a cookie as simply as creating a cookie in JavaScript as it is actually the value of the document.cookie object. If you want to access that specific cookie, you can use this string any time.  By using the document.cookie string, you can keep a list of name – value pairs which are separated by semicolons, where the name is actually the name of a cookie and the value is the string value. You can also make use of strings’ split() function to break the string into values and keys. Q21. How can you use JavaScript to delete a cookie? If you wish to delete a cookie so that any subsequent attempts made to read the cookie will not return anything, then, you have to set an expiration date of the cookie to a past time.  Questions till here mentioned javascript interview questions freshers. Let’s move forward to more intermediate level javascript interview questions which will really test your JavaScript knowledge. Javascript interview questions and answers – Intermediate Level Q22. How are Attributes different from Property? Attribute provides more details of an element like type, id, value, etc. It is the initial state when rendered in DOM. Property is the specific value assigned to the property. For example, value = ‘Name’, type = “text”, etc. It is the current state. Q23. Give a list of the various ways using which an HTML element can be accessed within a JavaScript code? A few ways are: getElementById(‘idname’): Using this method, you can get an element by the ID name of the element. getElementsByClass(‘classname’): Using this method, you can get all elements which have a given classname. getElementsByTagName(‘tagname’): Using this method, you can get all elements which have a given tag name. querySelector(): The querySelector() function takes the css style selector and returns the first selected element. Q24. What are the different ways a JavaScript code can be involved within an HTML file? The three different ways: Inline External Internal The JavaScript function known as the inline function is assigned to a variable that is created at runtime. On the other hand, if you require a JavaScript for function, you can integrate the script on the page on which you are working or you can place it as a separate file which can be called, when needed. This essentially, becomes the difference between external and internal script. External CSS: The files constitute a cleaner structure and that are in smaller size.  The same .css files can be used for multiple pages.  Inline CSS: The rules can be easily inserted CSS rules to an HTML page.  This method is used for testing or previewing pages.  Useful for performing quick- fixes to the website.  Internal CSS: There is no need to upload multiple files. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Q25. What are the different ways in which you can define a JavaScript variable? There are 3 ways: Var – The JavaScript variable statement helps to declare a variable. Alternatively, it can also be used to initialize the value of that specific variable.  Const: The const functions are used so as to not allow the modification of the object on which it is called. So, when a function is said to be const, the function can be called on any object type. Let: Let is used as a signal that shows that a variable can be reassigned, like a counter in a loop or that value swap within an algorithm.  Some of the rules for these types of variables- Use const as much, unless there is a need to redeclare or hoist a variable. Use let while working with loops. Use var while working with legacy codes. Q26. What is typed language? In Typed Language, values are associated with values alone. They are not associated with variables. There are two types of Typed Language: Dynamically: For Dynamically Typed language, the variable can hold several types.  Do not require any pre-defined data type of variable. Interpreters assign the data type to the variable at the runtime. Statically: In Statically Typed languages, the variable is capable of holding only one type.  The data type of a variable is known at the compile time.  Have to pre-define the return type of function. Q27. How is Local Storage different from Session Storage? Local Storage – In local storage, the data will not be returned to the server at every HTTP request (images, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc). It helps to reduce the traffic between server and client.   Session Storage – Session Storage is quite similar to the local storage. However, unlike data storage in local systems which has an expiry time, data stored using session storage gets cleared once the page session ends.  Refer to the below-mentioned table-   Local Storage Session Storage Provide access to the document’s local storage. Objects can be accesed using session storage read-only property.  The data is stored across the browser sessions. The data is cleared when the page session ends. Data is cleared when the last tab of a browser is closed. A new session is created each time a tab or a window is opened. It has four methods- setItem() Method  getItem() Method removeItem() Method clear() Method  It has four methods- setItem() Method getIteam() Method  removeItem() Method clear() Method    These types of questions comes under top javascript interview questions 2024. They are going to be relevant in coming times and must be well prepared before appearing for an interview. Q28. What are the differences between operator ‘==’ and ‘===’? The difference between operator “==” and operator ‘===’ is that the former compares the variable by making a type correction. So, if you were to compare a number with a string with numeric literal, such comparison can be made using ‘==’ but not ‘===’. ‘===’ checks the value and the type of two variables.  Refer to the below-mentioned table-   == === Does the type conversion of the operands before comparison.  Compares values as well as the data types of the operands. Converts the variable values to the same type before comparison. Does not do any type conversion. Q29. How are null and undefined differences? Undefined refers to a variable which has been declared but the value assignment of the data has not been conducted. However, null is itself an assignment value.  Refer to the below-mentioned table-     Null Undefined Intentional absence of value. Value does not exist in the compiler. One of the primitive values of javascript. Global object. Its syntax is a null ECMAScript1 (ES1) feature. Supported browsers are Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc. Variables have not been declared at all.   Q30.  How are undeclared and undefined different? Undeclared variables are those kinds of variables which do not exist in a program and hence, are not declared. If the program attempts to read it, there will be a runtime error. Undefined variables are variables which are declared but there has been no value given to them.  Refer to the below-mentioned table-   Undeclared Undefined Do not exist in the memory heap. Exist in the memory heap. Considered undeclared as the programmer does not write with var, let, const. Considered undefined because assigned by javascript. Javascript throw a reference error if tried to access in the code execution phase. If tried to be accesed, get undefined as value.   Q31. Name a few JavaScript Frameworks? JavaScript frameworks mean an application framework which has been written in JavaScript. A few common ones are: React Angular Vue This question is considered among one of the most most asked javascript interview questions, so try to be well prepared with your answer before hand. Q32. How are the JavaScript window and JavaScript document different from one another? Window is a global object and it holds functions, variables, location and history. Document is a part of the window and is deemed as a property of the Javascript window. Refer to the below-mentioned table- Javascript window Javascript document Represents the loaded document seen in the window or browser. Represents browser window in which the content is being seen. Related properties are stored in the window object. Related properties are stored in a document object. Object of browser. Object of window Q33. How are innerText and innerHTML different? innerText – innerText does not process an HTML tag if it is found within a string. innerHTML – innerHTML processes an HTML tag if it is found within a string. Q34. In JavaScript, what is known as event bubbling? Event bubbling refers to a specific way of event propagation in HTML DOM API. This happens when an event occurs within an element inside of another element and when both elements have a handle registered for the said event. When it comes to bubbling, the event which is first captured by the innermost element is eventually relayed to the outer elements. Once the execution begins from one event, it goes out to the parent element. After that, the execution passes on to the parent element and this continues till the body element. Q35. In JavaScript, what is NaN? NaN stands for Not a Number. NaN is always used to compare unequal to any number, which includes NaN itself. Hence, it is generally used to bring out an error condition for any function that can return a valid number. When a string, for example, is converted into a number and if it cannot be done, then the NaN shows up. Q36. How are JavaScript primitive/object types passed through functions? Primitive data types are passed By Value while Objects are passed By Reference. By Value means that it develops a copy of the genuine or original sd if it is a twin. By Reference means that it creates an ALIAS of the genuine or original. You can compare it with common nicknames. Q37. How to convert string of any base to an integer using JavaScript? By using the parseInt() function, you can transform numbers among different bases.  Q38. In JavaScript, what will be the result of the problem: 2+5+“3”? Since 2 and 5 are integers, normal addition will be executed. 3 however is a string and hence, there will be concatenation. “” represents a string. Q39. What are imports and exports? Imports and exports are useful to write modular JavaScript code. It can be split up further into multiple files. You are already mastering some of the tough javascript interview questions. Now, it’s time to dive deep and go for some advanced javascript interview questions and answers. Javascript interview questions and answers – Advanced Level Q40. What is known as the Strict mode and how can you enable it? The Strict mode helps you to check errors in your code. When you are using strict mode, you will not be able to use implicitly declared variables nor can you assign any value to read-only property.   If you want to enable the strict mode, all you have to do is add “use strict” at the start of a program, function or file. Q41. In JavaScript, what is the use of the prompt box? The prompt box in JavaScript helps the user to input with the help of a text box. The prompt() method helps to display the dialog box which prompts the visitor to provide an input.  It is used when the user wants to input a value before entering a page. The user would have to click ‘OK’ or ‘Cancel’ to proceed after entering a value. On being clicked OK, the box returns the input value. This type of question is considered among one the most asked javascript interview questions and answers for freshers. Make sure to elaborate and structure your answer while responding. It will add depth to your answers. Q42. What outcome will come out of this code: var Y = 1; if (function F(){}) { y += Typeof F;</span> } console.log(y); 1undefined will be the output. This is because the if condition statement will evaluate using ‘eval’ and hence, eval(function f(){}) will return function f(){} (true). So, inside this if statement, one would execute the typeof f which will return undefined since the if statement code is executed at run time. Thus, the statement present inside the if condition is going to be evaluated during the run time. Q43. State the difference between Apply and Call? The call() method helps to call a function which has a given ‘this’ value and the arguments which are individually provided. The syntax is: fun.call(thisArg[, arg1[, arg2[, …]]]) The apply() method is used to call a function which has a given ‘this’ value but the arguments are presented as an array. The syntax is: fun.apply(thisArg, [argsArray]) Q44.In JavaScript, how can you empty an Array? There are a few methods to empty an array. They are: Method 1: arrayList = [] If you do not have any references to the original array arrayList, this method is recommended. However, if you have previously referenced this array from a different variable, then the original reference array will be kept unchanged. Method 2: arrayList.length = 0; By using this code, you are setting the array length to 0 thus emptying it of all updates of reference variables, going back to the original array.  Method 3: arrayList.splice(0, arrayList.length); This method can also be used to empty all the array including updates of all the references back to the original array. Method 4: while(arrayList.length) { arrayList.pop(); } This is also a great way to empty arrays but it is not a recommended method. Q45. What output will this code present: var Output = (function(x) { Delete X; return X; } )(0); console.log(output); Delete operator helps to delete the properties from an object. In this code, x is not used as an object but a local variable. Delete operators do not have any effect on local variables. Q46. What output will this code present: var X = { Foo : 1}; var Output = (function() { delete X.foo; return X.foo; } )(); console.log(output); Undefined output. Delete operator helps to delete the properties from an object. In this code, x is an object with the property used foo. This is a self-invoking function and hence, one would delete the property foo from x object. Hence, the result will be undefined. Q47. What output will this code present: var Employee = { company: ‘xyz’ } var Emp1 = Object.create(employee); delete Emp1.company Console.log(emp1.company); Outcome = xyz. In this code, emp1 object uses company as its prototype property. Delete operator does not delete prototype property. The object emp1 does not have company as its property. It is possible to delete company property from the Employee object directly by using delete Employee.company.   Q48. What output will this code present: //nfe (named function expression) var Foo = Function Bar() { return 7; }; typeof Bar(); Output = Reference Error. The function definition can only have one reference variable as the function name. Q49. Why is it common to wrap the content of JavaScript source file in a function book? Many JavaScript libraries use this technique. It helps to develop a closure around the contents of the file which helps to create a private namespace and hence, avoid any name clash with different JavaScript modules and libraries.  Q50. In JavaScript, what are escape characters? Escape characters help you to write special characters without having to break the application.  Get Software Engineering degrees from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Interview Preparation  We have listed the most important Javascript coding questions and answers that may be of help. However, apart from the technical steps, you must also understand how to prepare for Javascript coding interview questions at a basic level because it all comes down to how confident you are about yourself and your knowledge – Be Thorough – You know that you are planning a career in Javascript, but when you face Javascript coding interview questions, you must be absolutely thorough with your concepts, beginner or experienced. Know your level – If you are just starting out, you are not expected to know all the details about Javascript. If you are sitting for Javascript interview questions for experienced level, you are expected to know the system design thoroughly and how it can be used for solving major problems. Be aware of your capabilities and apply for a position that suits you. Organization expectations: You must be aware of what the company requires of you. Various employers will require different skill sets. Some businesses place a greater emphasis than others on specific JavaScript technologies. Before applying, do extensive research on the company. Refine your knowledge and skills: JavaScript is a complex language with numerous iterations and what appears to be infinite capabilities. However, not all of them will be examined during the interview. It’s crucial to comprehend what technical abilities are actually covered in typical Javascript coding questions and answers. 2. Create a To-Do list – Many people neglect to complete this phase, which leads to a disorganised preparation for Javascript interview questions for experienced as well as freshers. Making a strategy in advance makes you more motivated and guarantees that you cover what you need to. Typically, it takes three months to adequately prepare for Javascript coding interview questions. There is a lot to cover, so avoid cramming anything in at the last minute. Make a plan at the beginning of the time allotted for this, and make sure there is plenty of it. This task list starts with reviewing the fundamentals before moving on to data structures and algorithms and, eventually, more advanced ideas. It’s crucial to not neglect the initial practice and refresh the beginner-level skills. 3. Be confident of yourself and your knowledge – A behavioural interview will be conducted in addition to the coding interview. Here, the recruiters get to understand you as an individual and determine whether your beliefs align with those of the company. These interviews are crucial when choosing an employee. Many applicants neglect to practice for behavioural interviews and concentrate only on their technical abilities. Even though behavioural interviews need less preparation time, they are still essential to your success and should be factored into your plans. Behavioral Interview Questions: Unveiling Your Soft Skills and Teamwork Prowess Recruiters aren’t just looking for coding champions; they seek well-rounded individuals who can excel in collaborative settings. Be prepared for javascript viva questions like: “Describe a challenging javascript coding project you tackled and how you overcame obstacles.” This is one of the javascript coding based interview questions. Share an experience where you demonstrated resilience, resourcefulness, and adaptability. “Share a situation where you collaborated with someone with differing views. How did you navigate it?” Highlight your communication skills, empathy, and ability to find common ground. The javascript important questions assesses your teamwork and conflict resolution abilities. “Give an example of when you proactively solved a problem without prompting.” Showcase your initiative, problem-solving skills, and ownership of your work. This is one of the javascript  problem solving questions showcases your problem-solving skills under pressure. Coding Challenges and Practical Tests: Demonstrate Your Coding Aptitude Get ready to answer your javascript coding interview questions through practical exercises designed to evaluate your ability to write clean, efficient, and scalable code under pressure. Common challenges include: “Implement a function to find the factorial of a number using recursion.” This javascript problem solving question assesses your understanding of recursion and function definition. “Write a program to sort an array of integers using the bubble sort algorithm.” Demonstrate your grasp of algorithms and data structures. This javascript coding challenge tests your ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios. “Develop a simple web application using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to display a list of items fetched from an API.” Showcase your full-stack capabilities and ability to integrate different technologies. This javascript coding question and answer simulates real-world development experience. Portfolio and Project Discussions: Highlight Your Achievements and Growth Be prepared to discuss your past projects, the technologies you’ve used, and the impact of your contributions. Here are some potential discussion points related to javascript interview questions and answers: “Walk me through your portfolio website and the javascript projects showcased on it.” Briefly describe each project, highlighting your role and key technical aspects. “Share a challenging javascript coding question you tackled and solved successfully, explaining your approach and thought process.” Focus on a project that demonstrates your skills and problem-solving approach. “How do you stay updated with the latest trends and advancements in javascript development?” Show your passion for continuous learning and awareness of industry trends. This reflects your commitment to professional growth. Common Mistakes to Avoid: Ensuring a Smooth Interview Experience Preparation is paramount! Don’t underestimate the importance of thoroughly reviewing fundamental JavaScript concepts like data types, functions, and scope. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid during your javascript interview for freshers or experienced candidates: Lack of preparation: Feeling unprepared can lead to nervousness and hinder your performance. Check out Javascript coding questions for practice along with the background of the company. Overlooking fundamentals: A solid grasp of the basics is crucial. Brush up on essential JavaScript concepts before the interview. This demonstrates your understanding of core principles. Poor communication: Articulate your thoughts clearly and concisely. Explain your reasoning behind your responses and actively listen to the interviewer’s questions. Effective communication is essential for success in any interview. Feedback and Continuous Learning: Fueling Your Future Success Seek feedback from the interviewer after your js interview. Reflect on your performance, identify areas for improvement, and leverage the feedback for future opportunities. Remember, the learning journey never ends: Request feedback: Ask for specific areas of strength and improvement to gain valuable insights. Reflect on the experience: Analyze your responses and identify areas where you could have excelled. This self-reflection helps you learn and grow. Continue learning: Stay updated with the latest JavaScript trends, tools, and frameworks through online resources, tutorials, and community forums. Continuous learning demonstrates your dedication to keeping your skills relevant and marketable. By incorporating these strategies and practicing common javascript interview questions and answers, you’ll approach your JavaScript interview with confidence and be well-equipped to land your dream role. Remember, properly answering javascript programming questions, a positive attitude, genuine enthusiasm for JavaScript, and a commitment to continuous learning will further enhance your chances of success. Keep honing your skills, stay current with the latest trends, and don’t hesitate to network with other developers. With dedication and perseverance, you’ll achieve your goals and embark on a rewarding career in JavaScript development. Conclusion These are some popular javascript interview questions provided in varying difficulty to help you ace the interviews. Brushing up your basic and advanced knowledge of JavaScript using these javascript interview questions and answers are a great way to land a job as a developer in any top tech firm. Some people prefer the artistic side of web development and some others prefer the technical one. But there’s a third group of people who know both. The first group is of front-end developers, the second one is of back-end developers, and the last one is of full-stack developers. The demand for full-stack developers is on the rise. And companies are in desperate need of talented professionals who can work with both HTML and PHP.  If you’re interested to learn more about full stack development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Program in Full-stack Software Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Kechit Goyal

26 Feb 2024

OOP Concepts and Examples That Every Programmer Should Know
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In this article, we will cover the basic concepts around Object-Oriented Programming and discuss the commonly used terms: Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism. To begin with, OOP is a programming methodology that requires the programmers to create objects and use them throughout the program within the functions that require such objects for their operation. The reason why the OOPs concept is used extensively in java is that it allows the reusability of code while maintaining security.  Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Before we talk about the four pillars of object-oriented programming let us familiarize ourselves with the generic terms that we hear very often when using any of the object-oriented languages: Java, python, C++.  Check out upGrad: Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Demystifying OOP: A Comprehensive Guide with Real-World Examples   Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) stands as a towering figure in the programming landscape, organizing code into reusable and modular components for unmatched efficiency and maintainability. Let’s embark on a journey to dissect its core concepts and delve into object oriented programming examples in oops, oops concepts examples, ensuring all our bases are covered without compromising on the richness of information.   ` Abstraction: Imagine viewing a car; you grasp its functionality (transport) without delving into the intricate mechanics under the hood. Abstraction embodies this, exposing an object’s essential features while concealing its complex implementation details. Think of it as focusing on the “what” rather than the “how” of an object. Encapsulation: Picture a secure vault housing valuables. Encapsulation mirrors this concept, bundling data and the methods that operate on it within a single unit (class). This safeguards internal data from external interference, ensuring its integrity and security. Imagine building a fortress around your valuable data, accessible only through designated entry points. Inheritance: Consider a family lineage where children inherit traits from their parents. Inheritance in OOP follows a similar principle, enabling the creation of new classes (child classes) that acquire properties and behaviors from existing ones (parent classes). This promotes code reuse and fosters hierarchical relationships, just like children inheriting knowledge and skills from their parents. Polymorphism: Imagine an actor playing diverse roles. Polymorphism embodies this flexibility, allowing objects to exhibit different behaviors based on their context or data type. It supports method overriding and overloading, enhancing code adaptability and extensibility. Think of a single object wearing different hats and performing different actions depending on the context. Class A class is a collection of objects that defines a set of properties that is common to all objects of a particular type. It can also be called a blueprint for creating objects. A class entails the following components: Class name: The name given to a class starting with a capital alphabet. Modifiers: Based on the functionality of the class modifiers can either be public, private or default. Body: The class body contains all the codes on the objects present in the class. This could range from declaring any variables or creating any constructor or methods that contain the functioning of an object.  Check out upGrad: Java Bootcamp Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Object An object is defined as an instance of a class and contains real-life entities. For instance, for a class called Animals, Its objects will be a cat, dog, elephant et al. Each object has its own identity, attribute, and behaviour. The code below depicts the use of class, object, and method while programming in the java language.  Methods Methods are defined within a class and are used to perform a specific function. The method may or may not contain an input parameter. The code below depicts the use of class, object, and method while programming in the java language. In the above code, Player is the name given to our class, whereas runs is a parameter passed in the method Batsman which returns the runs scored by him when called via an object called myobj.  Access Modifiers The access modifiers in Java defines the accessibility or extent of a method or constructor or the class. The four types of access modifiers are: Public: The code written within a class is accessible to other classes.  Private: The code written is only accessible within that specific class.  Default: The code written is accessible within the same package.  Protected: The code is accessible within a package and also through a subclass. In the absence of a child class, the code cannot be accessed. Now let’s proceed and talk about the crux of object-oriented programming.  In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Inheritance The term inheritance refers to inheriting the properties of one class to another. The properties refer to the attributes and methods of the parent class. The parent class is that class whose properties need to be inherited by other classes. The classes that inherit the properties of the parent class are called the child class or subclass. To inherit the properties of the parent class into the child class, a keyword called extends is used.  In the above example, the Sponsor is the parent class with the owner being its attribute. We have created a subclass called Team that inherits the parent class- Sponsor. We have created an object of Team that can access the properties of the parent class. The output of the above code is: Polymorphism As the name suggests- Polymorphism is the ability of a variable or a function to exist in multiple forms. Polymorphism allows the programmer to perform different tasks using the same variable or function. A real-life example of polymorphism would be- consider an open ground, now this ground can be used for playing sports. Besides, it could also be used to organize weddings and concerts. Lastly, the same ground can be used for parking vehicles. From this, we can infer that a single variable can have multiple implementations depending upon its usage.  The polymorphism we usually come across two terms namely- Method overloading and Method overriding. In Method Overloading, a single method can be used in numerous ways and perform different functions. The methods will have the same name but different parameters can be used as input.  In Method Overriding, the method of the parent class can be overridden by the child class. With this, the same method can perform differently when invoked by the parent class and by the child class.  An example of the polymorphism is shown below: In this example, using the same method we can perform multiple tasks. The same method Voice when used in Bird would output “Turr Turr” and when used with Duck will output “Quack Quack”. The snapshot of output is shown below- Abstraction Abstraction is the process of hiding certain data from the users and showing only the required information to them. For instance, while driving a car, we are not concerned about internal functions or mechanisms. What is shown to us are the speed at which the car is being driven and the litres of petrol available. All the other marginalized data are not displayed to the driver.  The abstract keyword is used for methods and classes while performing abstraction. For an abstract class, we cannot create an object while the abstract method should not include a body. If any of the two rules are violated, the output will generate an error.  Here, we have created an object of the subclass- Duck which is inherited from the main class- Bird. The output is shown below: Encapsulation Encapsulation is the process of binding the code and the data together into a single unit. Here, the variables of a class are hidden from other classes (by using the keyword private) but can only be accessed through a member function. Setter and getter functions are used to access the private variables of a class that is abstract.  Until now, we have covered anything and everything that is related to object-oriented programming using Java. Before we conclude, let us look at some of the advantages of the OOP concept. The code can easily be reused and therefore saves a lot of time and cost for the development of codes. It helps in designing the code in a well-structured manner so that any new programmer does not have to spend long hours to understand the code. Besides helping users in writing code efficiently, it makes sure that security is not compromised.  Checkout: OOPs Interview Questions & Answers Learn Software Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Advanced OOP Concepts in Action: Composition: Think of building a complex robot using simpler components like wheels and sensors. Composition involves creating intricate objects by combining simpler ones, promoting code reuse and flexibility. Imagine constructing a complex system by assembling smaller, well-defined building blocks. Interfaces: Imagine a contract outlining specific tasks. Interfaces define similar contracts, specifying methods that a class must implement. This enables loose coupling between classes, facilitating interchangeable implementations and code extensibility. Think of interfaces as standardized agreements that ensure different components work together seamlessly. Dependency Injection: Picture delegating tasks to specialists instead of handling them yourself. Dependency injection follows this approach, injecting dependencies into a class rather than creating them internally. It promotes decoupling, testability, and code flexibility. Imagine outsourcing specific tasks to experts, resulting in a cleaner and more manageable codebase. Exploring Key Concepts with Real-Time Examples Let’s dive deeper into fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) by exploring real-world examples that illustrate these concepts in action. Object Example in OOP: In OOP, objects are instances of classes that encapsulate data and behavior. Let’s consider a real-world example of a “Car” object: java Copy code // Class definition class Car { // Data members String model; String color; int year; // Constructor public Car(String model, String color, int year) { this.model = model; this.color = color; this.year = year; } // Method to display car details public void displayDetails() { System.out.println(“Model: ” + model); System.out.println(“Color: ” + color); System.out.println(“Year: ” + year); } } // Creating an object of Car class public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Car myCar = new Car(“Toyota Camry”, “Blue”, 2022); myCar.displayDetails(); } } In this example, “myCar” is an object of the “Car” class, encapsulating data such as model, color, and year, along with behavior to display car details. Abstraction in OOP with Example: Abstraction focuses on representing essential features while hiding complex implementation details. Let’s illustrate abstraction with a real-time example of a “Shape” class: java Copy code // Abstract class for Shape abstract class Shape { // Abstract method to calculate area abstract double calculateArea(); } // Concrete class Rectangle inheriting Shape class Rectangle extends Shape { double length; double width; // Constructor public Rectangle(double length, double width) { this.length = length; this.width = width; } // Implementation of abstract method @Override double calculateArea() { return length * width; } } // Main class public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // Creating an object of Rectangle Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(5, 3); System.out.println(“Area of Rectangle: ” + rectangle.calculateArea()); } } In this example, the “Shape” class serves as an abstraction, defining a common interface for shapes, while “Rectangle” provides a concrete implementation. The complex details of calculating area are abstracted away from the user. Class in OOP with Example: A class is a blueprint for creating objects. Let’s consider a class “Student” with attributes like name and age: java Copy code // Class definition for Student class Student { // Data members String name; int age; // Constructor public Student(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } // Method to display student details public void displayDetails() { System.out.println(“Name: ” + name); System.out.println(“Age: ” + age); } } // Main class public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // Creating an object of Student class Student student = new Student(“John”, 20); student.displayDetails(); } } In this example, “Student” is a class encapsulating attributes and behavior to represent student entities. Encapsulation in Java with Real-Time Example: Encapsulation involves bundling data and methods within a single unit (class) to restrict access from the outside. Let’s consider a real-time example of encapsulation with a “BankAccount” class: java Copy code // Class definition for BankAccount class BankAccount { // Private data members private double balance; // Constructor public BankAccount(double balance) { this.balance = balance; } // Method to deposit money public void deposit(double amount) { balance += amount; System.out.println(amount + ” deposited successfully.”); } // Method to withdraw money public void withdraw(double amount) { if (balance >= amount) { balance -= amount; System.out.println(amount + ” withdrawn successfully.”); } else { System.out.println(“Insufficient balance.”); } } // Method to display balance public void displayBalance() { System.out.println(“Current Balance: ” + balance); } } // Main class public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // Creating an object of BankAccount class BankAccount account = new BankAccount(1000); account.deposit(500); account.withdraw(200); account.displayBalance(); } } In this example, the “balance” variable is encapsulated within the “BankAccount” class, accessible only through designated methods like deposit and withdraw, ensuring data integrity and security. Unlocking the Benefits of OOP: Code Reusability: Leverage inheritance and composition to create new functionalities from existing code, saving you time and effort. Imagine having pre-built components that you can readily assemble to create new software systems. Modularity: Break down code into well-defined components (classes and objects) for easier understanding, maintenance, and scalability. Think of organizing your code into neatly labeled boxes, making it easier to find and update specific parts. Abstraction and Encapsulation: Simplify code comprehension and enhance security by hiding implementation details and controlling data access. Imagine providing a simplified user interface, hiding the complex inner workings of the system. Flexibility and Extensibility: Easily adapt and customize existing features without modifying the original codebase, thanks to polymorphism, inheritance, and interfaces. Imagine having a system that can readily adapt to new requirements without starting from scratch. Security: Encapsulation safeguards sensitive data by restricting direct access and exposing it only through controlled methods. Imagine keeping your valuable information secure within a protected vault. Potential Drawbacks to Consider: Learning Curve: Grasping concepts like inheritance and polymorphism can be initially challenging, especially for beginners. It takes time and practice to become proficient in this new way of thinking about code. Overhead: Creating and managing objects, dynamic dispatch, and method calls can introduce additional memory and processing resource usage, potentially impacting performance in resource-constrained environments. There can be some trade-offs to consider in terms of efficiency. Complexity: Overly complex inheritance hierarchies and intricate class relationships can lead to convoluted and tightly coupled code, posing challenges for understanding, maintaining, and debugging. Keeping things organized and well-structured is crucial to avoid complexity pitfalls. Overuse of Design Patterns: Excessive reliance on design patterns and abstraction in oops can result in overly abstract and convoluted codebases, potentially reducing readability. It’s important to strike a balance between using design patterns effectively and maintaining code clarity. Performance: In performance-critical applications, the overhead associated with OOP might not be optimal compared to alternative paradigms. Consider the specific needs of your project when choosing the right programming approach. OOP vs. Other Programming Styles: A Comparative Glimpse OOP stands out from its peers, procedural and functional programming, in several key ways: Procedural Programming: Focus: Procedures (functions) that manipulate data stored in variables. Execution: Linear flow, emphasizes procedural abstraction. Example: Calculating area of different shapes using functions based on shape and dimensions. Functional Programming: Focus: Functions as first-class citizens, composing functions to transform data through immutable values. Emphasis: Higher-order functions, recursion, pure functions. Example: Calculating area of shapes using functions like area_rectangle and area_circle. Key Differences from OOP: Data: Often immutable in functional programming, mutable in OOP. State: Functional programming discourages side effects and mutable state, OOP allows for them. Paradigm Shift: Procedural to object-oriented vs. imperative to declarative. Real-World OOP Examples: Python OOP Examples: Bank Account Management: Classes for accounts, customers, transactions (encapsulation, inheritance). Game Development: Classes for characters, weapons, enemies (polymorphism, composition). C# oops concepts with examples: Library Management System: Classes for books, authors, users (abstraction, interfaces). Java: E-commerce Application: Classes for products, orders, users (encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance). Remember: Each paradigm has strengths and weaknesses. Choice depends on project requirements, team expertise, performance considerations. Understanding different paradigms empowers informed decisions in software development. Conclusion To conclude, in this blog we have covered the basic concepts of OOPs. These concepts are used extensively in industry and other applications. In order to become a proficient programmer, one should have a solid grasp of these concepts. In the upcoming blogs, we will uncover several other essential programming concepts that will help you develop expertise in this domain.  If you’re interested to learn more about full-stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Program in Full-stack Software Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.]
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by Rohan Vats

26 Feb 2024

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