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60 Must Know Agile Methodology Interview Questions & Answers: Ultimate Guide 2025

Updated on 07 November, 2024

166.79K+ views
30 min read

Agile methodology is a project management approach that focuses on teamwork and continuous improvement, with nearly half of large companies (49%) and medium-sized companies (45%) adopting it worldwide. It breaks the project into phases by guiding the team through planning, evaluation, and execution. This has made Agile methodology a top choice for companies like Uber, Airbnb, Google, and Netflix who are incorporating the concept into their organizational infrastructure.

The demand for Agile skills is rising fast:

  • Over 10,000 Agile-related jobs were posted on LinkedIn in December 2023, a 15% increase from the previous month.
  • Companies across industries are actively looking for Agile professionals to improve their project management and adaptability.

If you’re preparing for an Agile interview, you should be be well-versed in the Agile methodology. Interviews often focus on Agile principles, methods like Scrum, and practical scenarios to test how well you understand the approach. Whether you’re entering an Agile testing role or a project management position, these core concepts can help you present your knowledge confidently.

Here’s a list of must-know Agile interview questions to help you prepare effectively.

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Common Interview Questions on Agile Methodology

In Agile methodology interviews, the focus often begins with foundational questions to assess a candidate’s understanding of Agile principles, values, and how it differs from traditional project management. Agile is now widely adopted across industries, with over 86% of IT teams choosing Agile practices over traditional methods. These basics show a candidate’s adaptability and readiness for Agile environments.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

1

What is Agile methodology, and how does it work?

Easy

2

Describe the key principles of Agile.

Easy

3

Explain the differences between Agile and traditional project management.

Medium

4

What are the main benefits of Agile?

Easy

5

How does Agile handle change management?

Medium

6

What does it mean to have an Agile mindset?

Medium

7

How do you decide which Agile framework to use?

Medium

Question 1: What is Agile methodology, and how does it work?

A. Agile is a flexible, iterative way of managing projects that prioritizes collaboration, customer feedback, and small, continuous improvements. Unlike traditional methods with fixed stages, Agile divides work into “sprints” or cycles, each aiming to deliver a working product. This allows teams to quickly adjust to changes and consistently deliver value. Agile is widely used in software development but can be applied in many fields.

Question 2: Describe the key principles of Agile.

A. Agile principles aim to keep projects adaptable and aligned with customer needs. They include:

  • Customer Satisfaction:

    Deliver valuable products early and regularly.

  • Adaptability:

    Embrace change, even late in the project.

  • Frequent Delivery:

    Release working software in small, regular updates.

  • Collaboration:

    Keep close, daily interaction between developers and business teams.

  • Motivated Teams:

    Work with motivated individuals and support them.

  • Effective Communication:

    Face-to-face communication is most effective.

  • Working Software:

    Focus on delivering functional software as the main progress measure.

  • Sustainable Pace:

    Promote a balanced work pace for the team.

Question 3: Explain the differences between Agile and traditional project management.

A. Agile v/s traditional project management (often called Waterfall) differ in approach and adaptability. Traditional project management follows a step-by-step process, moving from planning to designing, developing, and testing. This setup is rigid, making changes difficult and costly.

Agile, however, is iterative. It delivers small, workable parts of the project in cycles and encourages feedback at each stage, allowing adjustments at any time. In Agile, testing happens in every sprint, catching issues early. Agile’s adaptability and focus on collaboration make it ideal for projects that may change over time.

Question 4: What are the main benefits of Agile?

A. Agile offers several key benefits:

  1. Adaptability:

    Teams can respond quickly to changes without disrupting the overall process.

  2. Customer-Centric:

    Regular feedback ensures that the project aligns with customer needs.

  3. Higher Quality:

    Continuous testing and integration improve quality by identifying issues early.

  4. Faster Time-to-Market:

    Smaller, frequent releases allow the product to reach the market faster.

  5. Team Collaboration:

    Agile promotes a culture of teamwork and cross-functional collaboration. These benefits make Agile a preferred choice for projects requiring flexibility, frequent updates, and customer collaboration.

Question 5: How does Agile handle change management?

A. Agile is built to manage change smoothly. Unlike traditional models, where change can be disruptive, Agile welcomes adjustments at any stage. Teams work in short cycles (sprints), allowing new requirements or feedback to be integrated into the next sprint. This reduces the impact of last-minute changes and keeps the project aligned with shifting needs. Frequent check-ins promote transparency, so any issues or changes are addressed early.

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Question 6: What does it mean to have an Agile mindset?

A. An Agile mindset includes being open to change, prioritizing collaboration, and focusing on delivering value over simply completing tasks. It means being flexible in the face of unexpected changes, constantly seeking feedback, and viewing setbacks as learning opportunities. Agile professionals focus on continuous improvement and value teamwork, transparency, and clear communication. An Agile mindset helps individuals and teams adapt to shifting priorities and keeps them aligned with project goals.

Question 7: How do you decide which Agile framework to use?

A. The choice of Agile framework depends on team goals, project size, and organizational culture. Scrum is ideal for teams that prefer structured roles and organized workflows, while Kanban is better for teams needing flexibility and focusing on continuous delivery. Lean suits projects prioritizing efficiency, and Extreme Programming (XP) works well for teams focusing on software quality through technical practices.

Agile Frameworks Interview Questions

A. In Agile environments, different frameworks like Scrum, Kanban, Lean, and Extreme Programming (XP) are used to manage workflows and deliver results. Each framework has its own unique structure, benefits, and best-use scenarios. Scrum, for example, is used by the majority of Agile teams for its structured, iterative approach, while Kanban is popular for continuous flow in flexible environments. Understanding these frameworks helps interviewers gauge a candidate’s knowledge and adaptability within Agile settings.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

8

Explain the difference between Scrum and Kanban.

Medium

9

What are the core principles of Lean, and how does it relate to Agile?

Medium

10

Describe the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) and its purpose.

High

11

When would you choose Kanban over Scrum?

Medium

12

What is the role of the Product Owner in Scrum?

Medium

13

How does Extreme Programming (XP) fit into Agile?

Medium

14

Describe the roles within a Scrum team.

Medium

Question 8: Explain the difference between Scrum and Kanban.

A. Scrum and Kanban are two popular Agile frameworks, but they differ in structure and approach. Scrum uses fixed-length sprints, usually 2–4 weeks, where teams work to complete a set of tasks within that sprint. Scrum also defines specific roles, like Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team, and includes ceremonies such as sprint planning, daily stand-ups, and retrospectives.

Kanban, on the other hand, doesn’t operate with sprints. Instead, it focuses on continuous delivery, with tasks moving across columns on a Kanban board (e.g., To Do, In Progress, Done). Kanban limits the number of tasks in each stage to ensure teams aren’t overloaded, which helps maintain a steady flow of work. While Scrum is ideal for teams needing structured, time-boxed cycles, Kanban works best for teams requiring flexibility and a focus on continuous improvement.

Question 9: What are the core principles of Lean, and how does it relate to Agile?

A. Lean aims to maximize customer value by minimizing waste, improving flow, and fostering continuous improvement. Originally from manufacturing, Lean fits well with Agile because it focuses on delivering value efficiently. Lean helps Agile teams streamline processes, reduce non-essential steps, and focus on tasks that directly benefit the customer

Question 10: Describe the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) and its purpose.

A. SAFe, or Scaled Agile Framework, is designed for large organizations with multiple Agile teams. It organizes teams into levels—Team, Program, Large Solution, and Portfolio—to keep work aligned with business goals. SAFe introduces Agile Release Trains (ARTs) that synchronize multiple teams through coordinated planning, integration, and review. SAFe helps large organizations maintain Agile’s flexibility while ensuring structured collaboration on big projects.

Question 11: When would you choose Kanban over Scrum?

A. Kanban is often chosen over Scrum when flexibility and continuous delivery are key. Kanban doesn’t work with fixed-length sprints, so it’s ideal for teams handling unpredictable workloads or projects where tasks need to flow continuously. For instance, support or operations teams benefit from Kanban’s “pull” system, where team members pull tasks as they have capacity rather than commit to a set amount of work in advance as with Scrum.

Question 12: What is the role of the Product Owner in Scrum?

A. The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and ensuring that the team’s work aligns with business objectives. This role involves defining and prioritizing the product backlog, clarifying requirements, and communicating with stakeholders to ensure that the team is building what’s needed. The Product Owner collaborates closely with the team to ensure the work being done aligns with the overall vision, making adjustments to priorities as needed.

Question 13: How does Extreme Programming (XP) fit into Agile?

A. Extreme Programming (XP) is an Agile framework focused on improving software quality and responsiveness to changing requirements. XP emphasizes technical practices like pair programming, continuous integration, and test-driven development (TDD). These practices support Agile’s core values by enhancing code quality, reducing bugs, and promoting quick feedback. XP is often integrated into Agile teams that prioritize technical excellence and want to minimize development issues through rigorous testing and collaborative coding.

Question 14: Describe the roles within a Scrum team.

A. A Scrum team has three main roles: the Product Owner, the Scrum Master, and the Development Team. The Product Owner manages the product backlog and sets priorities. The Scrum Master facilitates processes, removes obstacles, and helps the team stick to Agile principles. The Development Team collaborates to complete work and deliver a product increment at each sprint’s end. Together, these roles drive the team toward project goals efficiently.

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Scrum-Specific Agile Methodology Interview Questions

Scrum is one of the most widely used Agile frameworks, chosen by two-thirds of Agile teams for its structured, iterative approach. Scrum breaks down work into manageable sprints and uses well-defined roles and routines to keep teams organized and focused. In interviews, Scrum questions help gauge your grasp of these core elements and your experience working within Scrum environments.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

15

What are the three roles in Scrum, and how do they interact?

Medium

16

Describe a Scrum sprint and its components.

Medium

17

What is the purpose of the sprint review?

Medium

18

How do you handle a situation where a sprint goal isn’t met?

High

19

What is a Scrum Master’s role in the team?

Medium

20

How does the product backlog differ from the sprint backlog?

Medium

21

How do you prioritize backlog items?

Medium

Question 15: What are the three roles in Scrum, and how do they interact?

A. Scrum has three main roles: the Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team.

  • Product Owner:

    Manages and prioritizes the product backlog to ensure the team works on high-value items.

  • Scrum Master:

    Guides the team in following Scrum practices, facilitates meetings, and clears obstacles.

  • Development Team:

    Collaborates to complete tasks in the sprint backlog and delivers a shippable product increment.

These roles work closely together: the Product Owner decides what to build, the Development Team handles the “how,” and the Scrum Master ensures smooth collaboration and progress.

Question 16: Describe a Scrum sprint and its components.

A. A Scrum sprint is a set period (typically 2–4 weeks) during which the team works to complete specific tasks.

  • Sprint Planning: The team chooses work items and sets the sprint goal.
  • Daily Stand-Up: A short meeting for updates and problem-solving.
  • Sprint Review: A presentation of completed work to gather feedback.
  • Sprint Retrospective: A reflection on what went well and what could be improved.

Each sprint ends with a usable product increment, which keeps the project moving forward incrementally.

Question 17: What is the purpose of the sprint review?

A. The sprint review is held at the end of each sprint to show the work completed and get feedback from stakeholders. This meeting has two main goals:

  1. Feedback Collection:

    Stakeholders give input on the progress, which helps shape future work.

  2. Alignment and Adjustment:

    The team discusses any updates needed based on feedback to stay aligned with project goals.

The sprint review keeps everyone on the same page and makes sure the team is building something valuable.

Question 18: How do you handle a situation where a sprint goal isn’t met?

A. If a sprint goal isn’t met, the team should analyze why in the sprint retrospective. Possible reasons might include underestimating task complexity, encountering unexpected issues, or lacking resources. Identifying these factors helps the team adjust their approach in future sprints.

The team should be open about the blockers they faced, with the Scrum Master working to address any recurring issues. The Product Owner may reprioritize the backlog to ensure that critical items remain in focus. Transparency, learning, and adjustment are key to improving in the next sprint.

Question 19: What is a Scrum Master’s role in the team?

A. The Scrum Master’s main job is to help the team work effectively by:

  • Facilitating Scrum meetings (e.g., planning, stand-ups, reviews, and retrospectives).
  • Removing obstacles that might slow down progress.
  • Coaching the team in Agile principles to improve teamwork and productivity.

As a “servant leader,” the Scrum Master supports the team’s success without directly managing the work.

Question 20: How does the product backlog differ from the sprint backlog?

A. The product backlog is a list of all tasks, features, and improvements needed for the product, managed and prioritized by the Product Owner.

The sprint backlog is a selection of items from the product backlog that the team commits to completing in a single sprint. It provides focus for the team, guiding them through each sprint.

Question 21: How do you prioritize backlog items?

A. Backlog items are prioritized by considering factors like customer value, business impact, complexity, and urgency. The Product Owner works with stakeholders to identify the most valuable items. Some common prioritization techniques include:

  • MoSCoW Method (Must-have, Should-have, Could-have, Won’t-have): Helps categorize tasks by importance.
  • WSJF (Weighted Shortest Job First): Balances effort, urgency, and impact to focus on high-value work first.

Agile Artifacts and Ceremonies Questions

In Agile, artifacts and ceremonies are tools that keep teams organized, productive, and focused on improving with each sprint. Artifacts like the product backlog and sprint backlog help set priorities, while ceremonies like sprint planning, daily standups, and retrospectives keep the team in sync and ready to adjust as needed. These interview questions test how well candidates understand the role of these practices in promoting teamwork, transparency, and progress.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

22

What are Agile artifacts, and why are they important?

Medium

23

Explain the purpose of a sprint retrospective.

Medium

24

How often should backlog refinement sessions occur?

Medium

25

Describe the daily standup’s purpose.

Easy

26

What does a sprint review accomplish?

Medium

27

How do you prioritize tasks in an Agile project?

Medium

28

How is a product backlog created and maintained?

Medium

Question 22: What are Agile artifacts, and why are they important?

A. Agile artifacts are tools that keep the team organized and aligned. The main artifacts include:

  • Product Backlog:

    A list of features, tasks, and improvements prioritized by importance.

  • Sprint Backlog:

    A smaller list selected from the product backlog that the team commits to completing within the sprint.

  • Increment:

    The result of completed work in each sprint, usually a working part of the final product.

These artifacts give the team and stakeholders a clear view of priorities, progress, and next steps, helping everyone stay on track.

Question 23: Explain the purpose of a sprint retrospective.

A. A sprint retrospective happens at the end of each sprint. It’s a time for the team to look back on what went well and what could improve. Key goals are:

  • Find Improvement Areas:

    Identify small changes that can help in the next sprint.

  • Encourage Open Feedback:

    Let team members share what they liked and what could be better.

  • Support Continuous Growth:

    Regularly making adjustments helps the team improve over time.

The retrospective helps the team learn and adapt with each sprint, keeping them sharp and focused.

Question 24: How often should backlog refinement sessions occur?

A. Backlog refinement (or grooming) usually happens once or twice per sprint. In these sessions:

  • The team reviews and updates the backlog, breaking down tasks and clarifying priorities.
  • The Product Owner updates priorities based on feedback or changes in project direction.

Regular refinement keeps the backlog relevant, so the team always knows what to focus on next.

Question 25: Describe the daily standup’s purpose.

A. The daily standup is a quick, 15-minute meeting where team members update each other. Its main purposes are to:

  1. Check Progress:

    Team members share what they did yesterday, their plan for today, and any roadblocks.

  2. Spot Issues Early:

    Team members can bring up blockers so they can be addressed quickly.

  3. Keep Alignment:

    It helps everyone stay focused on the sprint goal and work together.

The standup keeps the team in sync, allowing for quick problem-solving and alignment.

Question 26: What does a sprint review accomplish?

A. The sprint review happens at the end of each sprint. The team presents completed work to stakeholders to:

  1. Show Progress:

    The team demonstrates what’s been completed and gathers feedback.

  2. Check Alignment with Goals:

    It ensures the work meets stakeholder needs and expectations.

  3. Adjust Future Plans:

    Feedback helps shape the next steps for future sprints.

This meeting makes sure everyone is aligned and helps the team stay responsive to changes.

Question 27: How do you prioritize tasks in an Agile project?

A. In Agile, tasks are prioritized based on factors like value, urgency, and complexity. The Product Owner may use techniques like:

  • MoSCoW (Must-have, Should-have, Could-have, Won’t-have): Divides tasks by priority level.
  • WSJF (Weighted Shortest Job First): Balances urgency and effort to tackle high-value tasks.

Prioritization helps the team focus on the most important tasks, delivering value consistently.

Question 28: How is a product backlog created and maintained?

A. The Product Owner creates the product backlog, listing all the features, fixes, and requirements for the project. The team updates it in regular refinement sessions, where they:

  • Add new items based on feedback or changing requirements.
  • Update priorities to keep the most important tasks at the top.
  • Remove items that are no longer needed.

A well-maintained backlog keeps the team focused and ready to deliver the highest value work in each sprint.

Read: Why Companies are Seeking Full Stack Developers

Agile Project Management Tools and Techniques Questions

Agile teams use various tools and techniques to keep projects organized, track progress, and encourage teamwork. Tools like Jira, Trello, and Kanban boards, along with techniques like user story mapping and burndown charts, play a key role in Agile project management. These questions explore how well candidates understand and use these tools to support efficient workflows and track project health.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

29

Which tools do you use to manage Agile projects, and why?

Medium

30

Describe the concept of a burndown chart.

Medium

31

How do you create user stories in an Agile environment?

Medium

32

Explain the role of a Kanban board in Agile.

Medium

33

How do you track project progress in Agile?

Easy

34

What is velocity, and how is it tracked?

Medium

35

How do you monitor and improve team velocity?

Medium

36

Explain the concept of a cumulative flow diagram and its use in Agile.

Hard

Question 29: Which tools do you use to manage Agile projects, and why?

A. Agile project management often involves tools like Jira, Trello, and Asana. Jira is widely used for Scrum teams due to its sprint planning, tracking, and reporting features like burndown charts. Trello, known for its simple, visual boards, organizes tasks well in a Kanban format and is ideal for teams needing flexibility. Asana, with task assignments and customizable project views, helps teams stay organized and communicate effectively. These tools help teams stay on track, monitor progress, and coordinate better, making Agile projects run more smoothly.

Question 30: Describe the concept of a burndown chart.

A. A burndown chart visually represents the amount of work remaining in a sprint over time. The horizontal axis shows the sprint duration, usually in days, while the vertical axis tracks work remaining, measured in story points or hours. As the team completes tasks, the chart line “burns down” toward zero, ideally reaching it by the sprint’s end. This chart helps teams track progress, identify potential delays, and make adjustments as needed to stay on schedule.

Question 31: How do you create user stories in an Agile environment?

A. User stories are short descriptions of a feature from the user’s perspective. A simple format is:

“As a [user], I want [feature] so that [benefit].”

  • User Role: Describes who needs the feature.
  • Goal: Explains what the user wants to accomplish.
  • Benefit: Shows the value the feature brings.

User stories keep requirements simple and clear, making tasks easier to plan and understand.

Question 32: Explain the role of a Kanban board in Agile.

A. A Kanban board visually tracks tasks through stages like To Do, In Progress, and Done. It helps teams by:

  • Improving Visibility: Everyone can see the status of tasks.
  • Supporting Continuous Flow: Work moves through stages without waiting for a new sprint.
  • Highlighting Bottlenecks: If tasks pile up in one stage, it shows where delays might be.

Kanban boards help teams manage ongoing tasks and keep workflows steady.

Question 33: How do you track project progress in Agile?

A. Agile teams track progress with tools like:

  • Burndown Charts: Show how much work is left in the sprint.
  • Velocity Tracking: Measures how much work the team completes in each sprint.
  • Kanban Boards: Give a real-time view of task status and progress.

These tools help teams see if they’re on track and make adjustments if needed.

Question 34: What is velocity, and how is it tracked?

A. Velocity is the amount of work a team completes in a sprint, usually measured in story points. It’s tracked by averaging the story points completed over previous sprints, which helps teams estimate how much work they can realistically handle in future sprints. Velocity gives teams a clear benchmark to plan their work and stay consistent.

Question 35: How do you monitor and improve team velocity?

A. Velocity is monitored by comparing completed work across sprints. To improve it, teams can:

  • Refine Backlog Tasks: Breaking down tasks helps avoid delays.
  • Focus on Continuous Improvement: Retrospectives help teams find and fix issues.
  • Limit Work in Progress (WIP): Reducing active tasks helps maintain focus.

Improving velocity is about making small adjustments and keeping the team focused.

Question 36: Explain the concept of a cumulative flow diagram and its use in Agile.

A. A cumulative flow diagram (CFD) tracks how tasks move through stages over time. It helps by:

  • Tracking Workflow Stability: Teams can see if work is moving smoothly or piling up in certain stages.
  • Visualizing Cycle Time: It shows how long tasks take to complete.
  • Identifying Bottlenecks: A buildup in one area signals where delays might be.

A CFD gives teams a clear picture of task flow, helping them manage work and improve efficiency.

Behavioral Interview Questions for Agile Roles

In Agile environments, teamwork, adaptability, and communication drive project success. Behavioral questions help interviewers assess these qualities, as Agile relies on collaboration and flexibility to deliver results. Studies show that 92% of Agile project success depends on effective communication and cooperation. Highlighting real-life examples of handling challenges, resolving conflicts, and adapting to change can showcase readiness for Agile roles.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

37

Share an example of when you resolved a conflict within an Agile team.

Medium

38

Describe how you handle unexpected changes during a sprint.

Medium

39

How do you ensure your team stays motivated in a fast-paced Agile environment?

Medium

40

Explain a time when you helped your team reach a sprint goal despite obstacles.

Hard

41

How do you handle feedback on your work within a team setting?

Easy

42

Describe a situation where you improved a process within your Agile team.

Medium

43

How do you build trust within an Agile team?

Medium

44

Give an example of how you adapted to a significant change during a project.

Hard

Question 37: Share an example of when you resolved a conflict within an Agile team.

A. In one Agile project, team members had different views on the approach for a key feature. One solution prioritized speed, while the other aimed at scalability. To resolve this, each perspective was discussed openly in a team meeting, highlighting pros and cons. A balanced approach was then decided upon: implementing the feature in a scalable way while allowing for quick deployment. This helped align team members, turning the initial conflict into a constructive discussion.

Question 38: Describe how you handle unexpected changes during a sprint.

A. Handling unexpected changes in a sprint involves assessing the impact on goals, prioritizing, and adjusting tasks. For instance, when a high-priority bug was reported mid-sprint, non-critical tasks were paused to address it. This ensured that sprint objectives remained focused while tackling urgent issues, allowing progress without compromising overall project goals.

Question 39: How do you ensure your team stays motivated in a fast-paced Agile environment?

IA. n a high-speed Agile setting, motivation is encouraged through recognition and ownership:

  • Celebrating small milestones, like achieving sprint goals or solving complex problems, helps sustain morale.
  • During daily stand-ups, team members are encouraged to share accomplishments.
  • Assigning team members ownership of tasks fosters engagement and responsibility.

Recognizing contributions and empowering team members to own their work creates an environment of commitment and energy.

Question 40: Explain a time when you helped your team reach a sprint goal despite obstacles.

A. During a sprint, unexpected technical issues challenged achieving the goal. A brainstorming session was held to quickly outline possible solutions, and tasks were redistributed based on team expertise. This approach enabled faster resolution of the issues, maintained sprint progress, and provided new strategies for similar challenges in the future.

Question 41: How do you handle feedback on your work within a team setting?

A. Feedback helps bring improvement in Agile. The approach is receiving input constructively, acknowledging specific feedback, and adjusting practices as needed. For instance, after feedback on task updates being too brief, communication was enhanced by providing detailed status updates, which improved overall team alignment.

Question 42: Describe a situation where you improved a process within your Agile team.

A. In a project with time-consuming sprint planning meetings, a streamlined approach was introduced. Timeboxing each agenda item and prioritizing top tasks cut planning time by 30%, leading to more efficient, focused meetings. Lower-priority items were reviewed asynchronously, enhancing meeting effectiveness without sacrificing thoroughness.

Question 43: How do you build trust within an Agile team?

A. Building trust involves open communication and consistent actions. Transparency in sharing project challenges, actively listening to team feedback, and reliably meeting commitments demonstrate reliability. For example, meeting a deadline consistently builds credibility and fosters a collaborative, supportive team environment.

Question 44: Give an example of how you adapted to a significant change during a project.

A. During a project, a client’s requirements shifted mid-sprint, altering the focus. Working with the Product Owner, the backlog was reprioritized based on these changes. The revised plan was communicated to the team, adjusting sprint goals to align with updated client needs. This approach ensured that the final product met evolving requirements without disrupting the established workflow.

Technical Interview Questions on Agile Methodology

In Agile, technical aspects like estimation, velocity, and managing technical debt play a big role in delivering projects efficiently. This section focuses on the technical details Agile teams use to maintain progress and quality throughout the project. Here are key questions covering story points, “Definition of Done,” and techniques for estimating, managing, and improving project elements in an Agile framework.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

45

What are story points, and how do they work in Agile estimation?

Medium

46

How do you calculate velocity, and why is it important?

Medium

47

Describe how to handle technical debt in Agile.

Hard

48

What does “Definition of Done” mean in Agile?

Easy

49

How do you estimate the complexity of a user story?

Medium

50

How do you manage technical spikes in Agile?

Medium

51

Explain the Fibonacci sequence in story point estimation.

Medium

52

What is refactoring, and when should it be done in Agile?

Medium

Question 45: What are story points, and how do they work in Agile estimation?

A. Story points measure the effort needed to complete a user story. They consider factors like complexity, uncertainty, and time. Story points help teams understand the size of a task relative to others rather than in exact hours. For example, a simple task may be one point, while a complex one may be five. Using story points helps teams balance workloads and plan sprints effectively.

Question 46: How do you calculate velocity, and why is it important?

A. Velocity is the total number of story points completed in a sprint. If a team finishes tasks worth 25, 15, and 10 points, the velocity is 50. Velocity shows the team’s capacity and helps predict how much work they can handle in future sprints. Tracking velocity also helps with sprint planning and setting realistic goals.

Question 47: Describe how to handle technical debt in Agile.

A. Technical debt includes shortcuts or quick fixes in code that need improvement later. In Agile, teams manage it by adding debt tasks to the backlog and prioritizing them. For example, fixing old code can be planned during sprints, reducing issues down the line. Regularly addressing technical debt keeps the code clean and improves the product’s quality over time.

Question 48: What does “Definition of Done” mean in Agile?

A. The "Definition of Done" (DoD) is a checklist that confirms a task or story is complete. It might include steps like code reviews, passing tests, or documentation. Having a DoD ensures everyone knows when a task is truly finished and keeps the quality consistent. For example, a story might only be marked “done” after all tests pass and the code is reviewed.

Question 49: How do you estimate the complexity of a user story?

A. In Agile, teams estimate story complexity by looking at effort, unknowns, and risk. Methods like Planning Poker help team members discuss and assign points to a story. Comparing a story with similar past tasks also helps gauge complexity. Estimating complexity ensures tasks are aligned with the team’s ability to complete them in a sprint.

Question 50: How do you manage technical spikes in Agile?

A. A technical spike is a short investigation to reduce uncertainty, like testing a new tool. Spikes are time-limited and added to the sprint to gather information without delaying other tasks. For example, if a team is unsure about an API, a spike might be used to explore it for one day. Managing spikes helps the team make informed choices.

Question 51: Explain the Fibonacci sequence in story point estimation.

A. The Fibonacci sequence (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13...) is used to assign story points. The increasing numbers help teams account for the greater effort and risk of larger tasks. For example, a simple task might be 1 point, but a complex one could be 8 or 13. The sequence prevents overestimation by focusing on the relative size of each story.

Question 52: What is refactoring, and when should it be done in Agile?

A. Refactoring means improving code structure without changing its function. In Agile, teams refactor code regularly to keep it clean and maintainable. It’s often done during sprints to prevent issues from piling up. For instance, if a part of the codebase becomes too complex, refactoring helps simplify it, making future updates easier.

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Advanced Agile Concepts and Scaling Questions

In large organizations, Agile must work across multiple teams and departments, which requires advanced techniques and frameworks. This section covers questions on scaling Agile, including popular methods like SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework), Agile transformation strategies, and tools for managing complex implementations. These questions help interviewers assess your understanding of large-scale Agile practices and your ability to navigate dependencies and cross-team collaboration.

Question No.

Question

Complexity Level

53

What is Agile transformation, and how does it differ from Agile adoption?

Medium

54

Describe the purpose of SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework).

Hard

55

How would you manage dependencies across multiple Agile teams?

Hard

56

What is the purpose of a release train in Agile?

Medium

57

Explain the concept of Agile at scale.

Hard

58

How do you apply Lean Portfolio Management in Agile?

Medium

59

Describe your experience with enterprise Agile tools.

Medium

60

How do you manage cross-team collaboration in a scaled Agile environment?

Hard

Question 53: What is Agile transformation, and how does it differ from Agile adoption?

A. Agile transformation is a broad shift where the whole organization, not just development, aligns with Agile principles. It involves changing the culture, processes, and team structures to embrace Agile at every level. On the other hand, Agile adoption is about applying Agile practices to specific projects or teams without making organization-wide changes. So, while adoption might mean one team trying Scrum, transformation shifts the entire company’s approach, values, and workflows.

Question 54: Describe the purpose of SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework).

A. SAFe, or Scaled Agile Framework, helps large organizations apply Agile across many teams working toward shared goals. It provides structure for coordinating large groups, introducing roles, events, and guidelines that keep all teams in sync. SAFe is especially helpful for organizations managing complex, multi-team projects, as it aligns every team’s planning, execution, and delivery to stay on track.

Question 55: How would you manage dependencies across multiple Agile teams?

A. To manage dependencies across teams, clear communication and planning are essential. Regular meetings, like cross-team planning sessions, help identify dependencies early on. Tools like Jira or Confluence are also useful for tracking these links in real-time. For complex projects, a "dependency manager" or Program Manager can oversee inter-team dependencies to ensure no team is blocked and all teams stay aligned.

Question 56: What is the purpose of a release train in Agile?

A. A release train in Agile is a set schedule that aligns multiple teams to deliver product updates together. Each release train has a fixed departure time, usually every few weeks, with teams working to complete features by that date. This coordinated release keeps all teams on the same timeline, making it easier to manage large projects and maintain a predictable delivery schedule.

Question 57: Explain the concept of Agile at scale.

A. Agile at scale means applying Agile principles across many teams in a large organization. This is often done using frameworks like SAFe, LeSS, or Spotify’s model, which are adapted to handle the complexity of bigger teams. Scaling Agile requires syncing multiple teams, managing dependencies, and maintaining smooth communication so that everyone is working toward shared goals.

Question 58: How do you apply Lean Portfolio Management in Agile?

A. Lean Portfolio Management (LPM) in Agile aligns projects with the organization’s strategic goals by prioritizing work based on value and resource availability. It involves:

  • High-Impact Prioritization: Funding and focusing on projects with the greatest business impact.
  • Resource Management: Adjusting resources as project priorities shift.
  • Regular Portfolio Reviews: Leaders assess ongoing work and reallocate as needed.

LPM ensures the portfolio aligns with business goals, keeping the focus on high-value projects.

Question 59: Describe your experience with enterprise Agile tools.

A. Enterprise Agile tools like Jira, Rally, and VersionOne are crucial for managing Agile practices at scale. They support tracking progress, managing backlogs, and visualizing dependencies across teams. These tools help maintain alignment and transparency, offering insights into metrics like velocity and throughput to help teams plan and assess performance.

Question 60: How do you manage cross-team collaboration in a scaled Agile environment?

A. Managing cross-team collaboration in a scaled Agile setup involves:

  • Regular Coordination:

    Meetings like Scrum of Scrums help address dependencies and progress across teams.

  • Shared Documentation:

    Tools like Confluence centralize updates and keep information accessible.

  • Open Communication Channels:

    Clear communication keeps all teams aligned and reduces silos.

These practices foster collaboration, ensuring that all teams work smoothly toward the same goals.

Tips to Help You Prepare for an Agile Interview

Tips for Developers

Tips for Managers

1. Understand Agile Basics: Know the main ideas, like working in short cycles, getting feedback early, and focusing on customer needs.

1. Show Your Leadership Skills: Highlight your experience guiding teams with a focus on trust, openness, and teamwork.

2. Learn Key Frameworks: Be familiar with Scrum and Kanban – understand the roles, steps, and what makes each one unique.

2. Know About Scaling Agile: Talk about frameworks like SAFe or LeSS to show you can manage Agile at a larger scale.

3. Get Comfortable with Agile Tools: Practice using tools like Jira and Trello, which help teams track and manage tasks easily.

3. Talk About Managing Stakeholders: Be ready to discuss how you handle expectations and keep project goals on track.

4. Practice Writing User Stories: Get good at writing user stories that clearly explain what needs to be done and why it matters for the user.

4. Highlight Your Communication Skills: Share examples of how you promote transparency and keep everyone in the loop.

5. Focus on Code Quality: Agile teams value quality, so be prepared to discuss practices like code reviews and writing clean, simple code.

5. Emphasize Collaboration: Agile thrives on teamwork, so share examples of working across different departments to get things done.

6. Know Basic Agile Metrics: Metrics like velocity and burndown charts help teams measure progress and keep things on track.

6. Prioritize Feedback: Show how you gather feedback from the team and make adjustments to improve processes.

7. Be Ready to Talk About Teamwork: Be prepared to share examples of working with your team to reach goals and solve issues.

7. Share Examples of Managing Change: Agile means change – talk about how you’ve helped teams adapt when needed.

How upGrad Can Help You Excel in Agile

upGrad’s AI-Powered Full Stack Development Course by IIITB blends Agile skills with full stack training, which prepares learners to thrive in Agile teams with AI-enabled development expertise.

  • Agile Foundation:

    Build a strong base in Agile principles and hands-on practices.

  • AI-Enabled Development:

    Gain skills in AI-driven development, boosting versatility.

  • Real-World Projects:

    Work on industry projects that apply Agile and full stack skills.

  • Higher Demand:

    Agile + AI full stack skills lead to better job prospects and competitive salaries.

upGrad Course vs. Self-Study

Feature

upGrad Course

Self-Study

Structured Learning

Yes

Limited

Agile Certification

Yes

Often Lacking

Real-World Projects

Yes

Rare

Industry Networking

Strong

Minimal

Mentorship & Guidance

Available

Not Included

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What should I study to get ready for an Agile interview?

Learn the basics of Agile, like the key principles and popular frameworks like Scrum and Kanban. Know terms like “backlog,” “user stories,” and “velocity,” and get familiar with tools like Jira or Trello. It’ll help if you understand Agile meetings like daily standups and sprint planning.

2. How important are soft skills in Agile roles?

Soft skills matter a lot in Agile. Since it’s all about teamwork and being flexible, communication, collaboration, and problem-solving are just as important as technical skills.

3. What industries use Agile?

Agile is popular in tech and software, but it’s also used in finance, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing. Any industry that values quick adjustments and flexibility can benefit from Agile.

4. How can I show Agile skills on my resume?

List specific Agile projects and mention the framework you used, like Scrum or Kanban. Highlight your role in the team, adapting to changes, and how you helped meet goals using Agile.

5. Do I need certifications for an Agile career?

Certifications aren’t always needed, but they can help. Some companies look for experience first, but certifications like CSM (Certified ScrumMaster) or PMI-ACP can make your resume stand out.

6. Which Agile certifications are respected by employers?

Agile certifications like Certified ScrumMaster (CSM), Certified Scrum Product Owner (CSPO), and PMI-ACP are well-regarded. SAFe certifications are also valued for larger Agile setups.

7. How can I stay updated on Agile trends?

Follow Agile blogs, join online communities, and watch webinars. LinkedIn and professional groups often share updates, and Agile conferences are great for learning more.

8. How should I talk about my Agile experience if I’m new to it?

If you’re new to Agile, talk about skills that apply, like teamwork and flexibility. Mention any projects where you used Agile methods, even on a small scale, and show that you’re eager to learn more.

9. What are common mistakes to avoid in Agile project management?

Avoid missing regular meetings, ignoring team feedback, and overlooking user stories. Also, don’t follow Agile too rigidly—adapt it to fit your team’s needs.

10. Is it important to know multiple Agile frameworks?

It’s helpful, but you don’t need to know them all. Knowing a couple, like Scrum and Kanban, makes you versatile. Learning SAFe can help if you’re in a large company.

11. What’s the best way to shift from traditional project management to Agile?

Start by learning Agile basics and keeping a flexible mindset. Try using Agile methods in smaller projects, and focus on team collaboration and delivering value in stages instead of sticking to a strict plan.

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This is because its creator Guido van Rossum aimed to keep things simple and that meant not hiding data in the strictest sense of the term. Instead of encapsulation, in Python, there’s a convention for data hiding wherein you can prefix the data members with two underscores. Apart from this, Python supports all the basic features of OOP language. This answers the question, is python object oriented? So, there – mystery solved! Check out the trending Python Tutorial concepts in 2024 Advantages of Object Oriented Programming After we understand the facts to the question, is python object oriented, we must understand its advantages and why it should be used. Python is object oriented programming language, which works as a very fundamental part of the development of software, where OOP creates a class instead of just writing a program. This class contains data and its functions, all related to the customers. OOP comes with several advantages –  Re-using the code – It entails reusing certain facilities rather than continually developing them. Using a class is how this is accomplished. It can be used ‘n’ a number of times, depending on our needs. For example, in your coding, the car is your object. One of your colleagues requires a limousine car, while the other one needs a race car. While every person has a unique way of building their objects, this one is quite simple. The main object is ‘car’ while the requirements are just different types of cars. Using the inheritance technique in this example will make more sense. You can create one class, the car, and then create certain subclasses in which you can write different types of cars. What if you wish to alter every Car item, no matter what kind? This is the benefit of the OOP strategy. All car objects will automatically inherit any changes you make to your Car class. Maintenance of Code – Any programming language would benefit from this capability; it prevents users from redo work in various ways. Maintaining and updating the current codes by adding new modifications is always simple, time-saving, and a great benefit of OOP.  Productivity Increases – Less time consumption results in more work being completed, a better programmer being finished, more built-in functionality, and easier to understand, write, and maintain. A programmer using OOP may combine new software elements to create entirely new applications. It is made feasible by a number of libraries with a wealth of beneficial features. Unnecessary Data can be removed – This is a situation that develops when an identical piece of data is stored in two different places, such as two databases. One of the biggest benefits of OOP is the disposal of unnecessary data. Users can write common class definitions for comparable functions and inherit them if they require the same functionality in other classes. Security Maintenance – We retain security and provide required data for viewing by filtering out restricted data with the help of encrypting the data and abstraction mechanisms. Design Benefits – A consumer will gain design benefits from using OOPs in terms of designing and repairing things quickly and reducing risks. Here, object-oriented programming necessitates a lengthy and thorough design phase from the designers, which produces better designs with fewer faults. It is simpler to programmer all the non-one OOPs at a time when the programmer has reached certain crucial boundaries. Problem Solving Techniques – It is a good idea to break down a difficult issue into manageable pieces or individual components. OOP is an approach that excels at this behavior because it divides your software code into manageable pieces, one object at a time. The broken parts can be restored by future units that relate to an identical interface and provide details of the implementation, or they can be reused in approaches to various other issues. These advantages must be enough to understand why Python is object oriented language. Learn Software Development online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? We hope this article helped you understand the fundamentals of OOP language and where Python really stands in this respect. Also, another thing that you hopefully learnt from this piece is that a programming language can be so much more than one ‘single’ definition! If You’re interested to learn more about Software Development, check out Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU which is designed for working professionals and Offers12+ Projects & Assignments, 1-ON-1 With Industry Mentors, 500+ Hours Of Learning.
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by Mayank Sahu

20 Sep'11
How to Make Most of Being A Jack of Multiple Things!

5.1K+

How to Make Most of Being A Jack of Multiple Things!

This is an excerpt from the e-book ‘self.debug – An Emotional Guide To Being A World-Class Software Engineer’ written by Karan Kurani. It’s a guide to increasing your skill set as a software engineer to the next level by debugging yourself and your emotions. Karan Kurani is the co-founder and CTO of DoctorC, which is the leading marketplace in India connecting consumers with easy, affordable diagnostic & lab tests. DoctorC’s mission is to make healthcare simple, transparent and affordable. Karan is an alumnus of Cornell University with an overall experience of 8+ years. He has worked with GREE as a Lead Software engineer and founded two startups Shoutt and DoctorC. Interview with Karan Kurani, Co-founder & CTO, DoctorC Here’s an excerpt from the chapter ‘Hacking Skillz – Jack of more than 1 trade’ it talks about how being average in more than 1 thing is easier and more valuable than being excellent at just 1 thing. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition  Note – This guideline is most useful for the bottom 99% of the practising software engineers. So if you are part of the remaining 1% – you can safely skip this post. There is a surprisingly easy hack that you can apply to increase your value generally in life. Pick up more skills. It sounds obvious when put on paper but there is one subtlety which makes it a “hack” in my opinion. For this point, we turn to the excellent Scott Adams’ book – “How to fail at almost everything and still win big”. Speaking about being successful, he says – “… I tell them there’s a formula for it. You can manipulate your odds of success by how you choose to fill out the variables in the formula. The formula, roughly speaking, is that every skill you acquire doubles your odds of success.” He goes on to mention that the level of proficiency for a skill is not mentioned because – “… you can raise your market value by being merely good – not extraordinary – at more than one skill.” “To put the success formula into its simplest form: Good + Good > Excellent” upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp This subtlety makes it very easy to execute. You don’t need to be extraordinary, you just have to be ordinary/average. Hence, if you are an average software engineer and you have any of the skills mentioned below – Good at drawing Public speaking Managing people Have a knack to pick up people’s emotions An eye for design in product Spot problems in operational processes Shoot, edit and/or make videos Make original music Sing Writing essays/blog posts Or anything else Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN)  Learn Software development courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. You are immediately more valuable to yourself and your organisation vs someone is who is a very good software engineer only. So if you are a software engineer who can think of product ideas and execute independently (remember you only have to be of an average skill in it) – you have more than doubled your value. Leverage that skill. What Does A Software Developer Do? Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Just like programming, it’s an adventure to delve into your own mind. You can debug yourself – this book shows you how.   If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know?
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by Karan Kurani

06 Sep'18
Is AngularJS Right Choice For Your Next Mobile App Development?

5.17K+

Is AngularJS Right Choice For Your Next Mobile App Development?

Mobiles are something that we use every day and are an integral part of our lives. Nowadays each and every person has a mobile phone in their pocket. With the advancements of technologies, one can get a mobile phone no matter how big or small their budget is. In this age of mobile phones, we consider a phone that has no apps in it as useless. We have too many apps these days on our phones. From fine dining to fitness, from shopping to scrabble, we have an app for all our moods. Mobile apps are designed in such a way that they go with our phones configuration well. Android and MAC are the two major interfaces that we have in our mobiles these days. The apps that are being developed are usually compatible with these two major operating systems. Every day more and more apps are being introduced, updated and launched in our play stores or App stores in case of MAC users. These apps are really useful. We no longer need to search the internet for things that we need, it is just a tap away. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition  Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript What is AngularJs? When Android was yet to be launched in the market, Java was the most commonly used interface in mobiles. Even now when android has taken the center stage, java is not yet abolished. It is still considered one of the most potent and user- interactive interfaces out there. AngularJS is an app that was first launched by Google in the year 2009. This app uses the same JavaScript framework. AngularJS has come a long way and it has made some very impressive adjustments in its user interface. How to Become a Full Stack Developer Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses AngularJS is basically an app that makes developing apps very easy, it helps in making super-dynamic web pages that are easy to use and easy to work with as well. We need web pages for literally everything. Every business, every start-up, every new idea that is been introduced needs a web page o promote it. Bust web pages are not too easy to work with, there are quite a few factors that need to be kept in mind before making a web page. Java is the most secure and the most optimum user interface when it comes to making web pages. Unlike Android and MAC, it has HTML support that makes the process of a web page making much easier. Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp  Learn Software Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Uses of AngularJS AngularJS helps in extending HTML Templates, it also ennobles the users to use an advanced approach towards web page making and web page designing. Java is known for its better stability and security. AngularJS sticks to its own simple functionalities and thus is very easy to use. The modular approach makes coding easy. Also updating, testing and modifying codes for a web page is made easier with AngularJS. One can easily add AngularJS to a web page with the help of simple coding. What Does A Software Developer Do? upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Domains in which you can implement AngularJS To make sure that your web page is gaining popularity, some niches and search engine optimisation tools are to be incorporated in your web page. To make the idea known to all and gain popularity nothing can be better than a well-done web page. When you are using mobile for creating a web page AngularJS is your answer to all your questions. It will even help you develop a web app. Tips for best practices Angularjs Mobile Development app can help you with the following. Video streaming apps: Video streaming apps are really in demand right now. Apps like Netflix, Amazon Prime Videos, and YouTube etc are some of the most prominent examples. User review: Market research is a very important part of developing a web page. First, you need to see what your customers really want when you know what your customers want and need them providing them with the best solutions is better and more money efficient. Travel apps: Travel apps are not very uncommon nowadays. While Android and MAC will make decent apps, the performance of a JavaScript is really difficult to top. AngularJS mobile development can help develop such sophisticated apps. Weather apps: Something that is present by default in a smartphone is a weather app. It is widely used and a JavaScript will be able to develop and manage really impressive weather apps. Social apps: In this age of social media, we can hardly come across a person who does not have a social media account. Apps like Facebook, twitter, etc. all are developed with JavaScript and thus you can too do that with AngularJS. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN)  Everything you need ot know about Mobile App Development When it comes to developing and managing an app there are many ways one can do that. But if you are using your phones to develop a web page then AngularJS should be your best bet. If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Kavya Gajjar

29 Nov'18
Angular 7.0 – What is New in its new Avatar?

5.34K+

Angular 7.0 – What is New in its new Avatar?

The strength of a building is in its concrete pillars. So is the framework for a web application. A software framework provides a standard way to design, build and deploy applications. In a world of Java platforms, the Javascript framework was the most uttered buzzword until Angular gained importance. Now, let us see some Salient features of Angular. Angular is an Open source Javascript framework which morphed into what is called ‘Typescript’ now. Code generation and development are rapid compared to a (Javascript) JS code. The Command line prompt (CLI) has commands to build application faster. The Code is well organized as it uses components hence improves productivity A directive is a dynamic function that handles variables, if statements, and loops in HTML Angular is cross-platform hence it is independent of the browser and the operating system Angular CLI comes with testing tools that are helpful for unit testing Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition Learn Software engineering courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. AngularJS – A precursor to Angular AngularJS was the first product in the Angular series introduced by Google in 2009. It is a client-side or a front-end framework. What this means is that the code runs on the user’s browser and not on the web server. AngularJS was written purely in Javascript. This was developed to decouple the application logic, however, it was the only fairly successful and paved way for Angular with its current avatar 7.0. Is AngularJS Right Choice For Your Next Mobile App Development? Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Angular 7.0 Framework Let us understand briefly the building blocks of Angular: Module:  Basically breaks down application’s core screens logically. For example, if there is a shopping cart page, one might want to have a shopping cart module. Component: This is a section of the UI and is a ‘class’ as in object-oriented programming. This is the fundamental building block of the User Interface (UI). The component class contains the core logic for the page. ” upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4 ” Components are made up of: Template: A template is written in HTML or they can be HTML files. It can have dynamic properties like variables and use of ‘if conditions’ is possible with directives. Class: Is the code for the application. The code is written in Typescript. Typescript is a superset of Javascript. Typescript is a ‘static’ type language where variables are declared with types defined. Hence errors are caught on the compilation of the program rather than being caught at runtime. Angular classes can be written in Javascript too. Components have data properties and methods.  Metadata: To identify that the class is an Angular component one uses Metadata. Metadata can be attached to Typescript using a decorator declaration. Let us walk through a simple component in Angular. Import {component} from  ‘’@angular/core’’ ; Here the component package is imported from Angular core library. @component ({     (this is a decorator declaration) Selector : ‘myapplication’   …(.this is the custom HTML tag that we use to insert the component. ) Template: ‘<h1> Hello {(name)}</h1> (name is a variable) }) export class AppComponent{       (This is the component class and ‘name’ is a property in the class) name = ‘ Angular framework’; } <body> <myapplication>Loading a sample app component here..</myapplication> </body> Data binding: A process that allows communication between the component and the view. So data is passed from the component to the view and vice-versa. There are four types of data binding. In Interpolation and property binding the data is sent from the component to the view and in event binding, the data is sent to the component from the view or the template. In two-way binding, the data travels both ways. Service: This is a class that is written for reusable code, i.e. code that can be accessed from multiple components. These classes send data and functionality across components. Service classes can also get data from a database or a js/JSON file. When one uses a Service class, the code looks organized and fragmented. Directive: Customizing HTML attributes to extend the power of HTML is a directive.  ngIf, ngFor, ngModel are directives. ngModel is responsible for, binding the view into the model, which other directives such as input, textarea or Select require. Here is a piece of code that shows how ngmodel works. <div ng-app=”” ng-init=”firstName=’John'”> <p>Input a name in the input box:</p> <p>Name: <input type=”text” ng-model=”firstName”></p> <p>You wrote: {{ firstName }}</p> </div> Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses So, firstName was initialized to ‘John’ and when one enters a new value in the text box, firstName will hold the new name entered.Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN)  Dependency injection (DI): Classes need objects to perform a particular function. Instead of creating the objects each time in the class, the class receives the objects(dependencies) from external sources. In the DI framework following are the steps that need to be followed: Create a Service Class eg. Employeedata Register this service class with the Injector. An Injector is a container that holds all the dependency classes Declare the Employeedata class as a dependency in the class that needs it eg. EmployeeList Class What Does A Software Developer Do? Versions of Angular After AngularJS, Angular 2 was released which was a complete rewrite of AngularJS. Components got added from Angular 2. Angular 2 was not backwards compatible. Angular is made up of a bunch of packages and the Router package in Angular 3 was not in sync. Hence the Angular team moved on to Angular 4 which was released with all corrections and features with backward compatibility to Angular 2. Subsequently Angular 5, Angular 6 was released and the latest version now is Angular 7. What’s new in Angular 7.0? CLI Prompts: A change in the Angular command line prompt is that the CLI prompts the user, to select the features while running the common commands. Features like Angular routing or the format of the style-sheet and many more can be selected by the user. In the previous versions of Angular one had to remember and type the options on the prompt. Application Performance : Common errors: In this version, the angular team analyzed and removed some common mistakes made by the developers like the ‘reflect-metadata’ polyfill was included in production which is actually needed only in development. Bundle-Budgets: To improve the performance of the application, default Bundle Budgets are defined in angular.JSON. The developers will now be warned if the application bundle size exceeds a limit of 5MB and when the initial bundle exceeds 2MB. These values can be modified in the JSON file as needed. Angular Material & the CDK: The Angular component development kit(CDK) was created from the Angular Material(UI for libraries).The two new features added in the CDK are Virtual Scrolling: To load only the visible part on the screen, the <cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport> package provides helpers for directives that react to scroll events. So, it will render only the items that can fit on the screen. When a user scrolls through the list then the DOM will load and unload the elements dynamically based on the display size. Drag and Drop support: The @angular/cdk/drag-drop module helps free drag and drop feature of an element, reordering items in a list, moving items in a list and so on. This is done with the help of cdkDropList and cdkDrag directives. Angular 7.0 has updated its dependencies to support Typescript 3.1, RxJS 6.3 and Node 10. Improved accessibility of Selects: The native ’select’ has some performance, accessibility, and usability advantages hence using a native select element inside a ‘mat-form-field’ is a new feature in Angular 7.0. Angular elements: A small change but new in Angular 7 “Angular Elements now supports content projection using web standards for custom elements.” — This is what Stephen Fluin, Angular says. Working with partners: The Angular team has been working to partner with community projects that have been launched recently one of them is Angular Console. Angular Console is a user interface for Angular CLI. It is good for beginners and experts as it is a lot easier than prompts. There are different UI versions for Windows and Mac OS. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java Most of the changes in Angular 7.0 are on performance improvements and bug fixing. Hence, it is the safest version to date and migrating from earlier versions is simple. Ivy is the new upcoming rendering engine that the Angular team is working on. Till then, let us wait and watch. Keep Learning! Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Saurabh Hooda

28 Dec'18
IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse: The Holy War!

35.45K+

IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse: The Holy War!

Batman vs. Superman, Marvel vs. DC, Windows vs. Linux, Java vs. C#, are a few examples of some eternal wars. One such battle is IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse – the selection of the best Integrated Development Environment – affectionately known as the IDE. There are many IDEs in the market today for Java development – the likes of Netbeans, DrJava, and of course Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA are just to name a few. These IDEs ease the workflow of a developer by providing them with a complete and integrated environment. The support of various plugins coupled with the ability to handle large projects seamlessly makes the IDEs an irreplaceable tool in any developer’s toolkit. Learn Software development courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Today we’ll be looking at two such IDEs in depth, and taking them head to head. We’ll look at how Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA compete against each other in terms of the features they offer. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Eclipse IDE Eclipse is by far the most commonly used IDE by budding as well as experienced developers. It is supported by a large community of developers, great documentation to get you up and running, and the best part – the support of thousands of plugins to make your experience even better. Eclipse is mainly used for developing web, mobile, desktop, enterprise, or embedded system applications. It can be used open-source under Eclipse public license. Eclipse is written mostly in Java and runs seamlessly on the three major operating systems – Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. Although well known for Java programming, it also supports various other languages including Groovy, Scala, and Python. Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Cloud Computing Eclipse is capable of opening multiple projects in the same window thereby giving you control over dependencies and relations. However, regarding user experience and the ease of code completion and inspection, Eclipse falls short despite having many plugins, especially checkstyle. If you’re a rookie programmer, you’d appreciate an auto-complete feature that can show the list of the most relevant symbols applicable in your context. Eclipse falls short on that. Just for argument’s sake, we can use this point in favour of Eclipse saying it offers a better learning curve, but at the end of the day, it’s really about how easy it is to get your application up and running. Having said that, Eclipse is and will continue to be, widely used all over the globe. Let’s take a look at some of its features that keep it going despite the limitations. A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Blockchain Salient Features of Eclipse Mylyn: Mylyn is a subsystem of eclipse for task management. The advantages of Mylyn are quite well known, but you won’t appreciate them till you use it and see them for yourself. Mylyn helps developers track their tasks in a task list view – without having to open a browser. Mylyn provides an easy way of keeping track of all the files related to your current work. Software Updates: Eclipse provides frequent and regular software updates. The ability to simply update your IDE from the console itself without worrying about dependencies, or unzipping a zipped file makes a developer’s life easier. Everything is managed through this simple dialogue: Enterprise Java Tooling: Eclipse has the best tooling to offer for JEE projects. It offers an outstanding amount of functionalities – from wizards for Web Service creation, XML editing, to excellent JSF and JPA tooling. In essence, it’s a very simple feature but is very useful. The ability to control and deploy the server of your choice is commendable. Also, if your server isn’t on the list, you’ll likely find a plug-in to support your server. Model Driven Development: The Eclipse Modelling Project offers a set of modelling tools for those using EMF or related techniques for modelling. The Ecore Tools that are used to work with the EMF models allow you to create and modify your ecore using a standard tree, or through the visual Ecore diagram editor (see below). 15 Must-Know Spring MVC Interview Questions IntelliJ IDEA IDE IntelliJ IDEA is a fully featured IDE developed by JetBrains. JetBrains is an established company and famous for the Resharper plugin for Visual Studio that is beneficial for C# development. The IntelliJ IDEA comes in two editions – Free community edition and an Ultimate edition. The free community edition of IntelliJ IDEA offers the basic features useful for developing Android and Java applications. Google’s official Android development platform – Android Studio, is also based on IntelliJ IDEA’s free community edition. This IDE supports many languages from Java, Kotlin, Scala, Android, Mercurial, Groovy, Gradle, Git, SVN, SBT, and CVS and also offers basics (yet essential) features like code completion, deep static analysis, intelligent refactorings, debugger, test runner, etc. The Ultimate Edition, on the other hand, has the most advanced set of features for developing web and desktop applications. Some of the additional features of the Ultimate Edition Supports the integration of Spring framework. Supports web app scripting languages like JavaScript, CoffeeScript, TypeScript, and many more. Supports web development framework like Node.js, Angular, and React Java EE support such as JSF, JAX-RS, JPA, CDI, etc Eclipse falls short in providing good assistance for code completion despite supporting many plugins. The default code compilation in IntelliJ is much faster and better, especially if you’re a newbie programmer – IntelliJ can help you improve your code. One of them is Smart Completion which provides you with the list of the most relevant symbols applicable in your current context. This as well as other completions constantly learn from your coding practices and moves your most frequently used packages and classes to the top of the list, so that you can select the right option faster. Another such feature is Chain completion which is even smarter than the Smart Completion. It lists all the applicable symbols by making use of getters or methods which makes it even faster. There are many other out-of-the-box features too which make IntelliJ IDEA a truly intelligent IDE What is Test-driven Development: A Newbie’s Guide Features which make IntelliJ IDEA a truly intelligent Version Control: IntelliJ IDEA offers the developers with a unified interface for most of the version control systems. Git, SVN, Mercurial, CVS, and Perforce are just to name a few. This single interface lets you browse the history of changes, manage branches, and merge conflicts. Build Tools: This IDE supports all the major build tools like Gradle, Maven, Gant, SBT, NPM, Grunt, Gulp, and more. These tools eventually help automate compiling, packaging, running tests, deploying, and other activities. Application Servers: It supports major application servers like TomCat, JBoss, WebSphere, Glassfish, and many more. It allows you to deploy your code onto the application servers and debug the deployed code from the IDE itself. Indexing: IntelliJ indexes the entire project when you first start it up. That way, it doesn’t need to search for files every time you need a resource (unlike Eclipse). This significantly speeds up the search process. Polyglot Support: As we’ve said earlier, IntelliJ IDEA supports many JVM and non-JVM frameworks and languages out of the box. Frameworks and languages like AngularJS, React, JavaScript, TypeScript, Scala, SQL are just a few examples of the wide array of languages supported by IntelliJ IDEA. All these features make IntelliJ IDEA a clear winner when it comes to usability and user experience. However, it falls short on the number of plugins offered. Compared to 1,276 plugins offered by Eclipse, IntelliJ only offers ~700 plugins. But, this shouldn’t be a dealbreaker as IntelliJ offers a lot of new and improved features out of the box, without needing any plugin – unlike Eclipse. How to Become a Full Stack Developer upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   In Conclusion… If you’re a beginner in the field of Java development, your choice should be IntelliJ IDEA – thanks to the various beginner-friendly features it has to offer. However, if you’re looking to work on large and complex projects, and have a fair bit of expertise in Java programming, you can opt for Eclipse instead. Like with every other debate, at the end of the day it’s all a matter of preferences, but there’s no way you can ignore IntelliJ IDEA.   If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Arjun Mathur

10 Jun'19
Python Projects for Beginners &#8211; List of 7

17.76K+

Python Projects for Beginners &#8211; List of 7

Learning a new language – whether it is for speaking to humans or to computers – is always a mixture of fun and challenge. Mastery is not an easy road to travel and that is why little wins along the way are so necessary for boosting self-confidence and making you preserve. The same can be achieved through projects that have a specific aim and allow you to put your new-found knowledge into practice. When learning a coding language like Python, these projects become all the more crucial as they help you firm your grip on a vast language that you will keep refining your entire life. So, where do you begin? As a beginner, which projects do you pick up that is not overwhelming but are challenging and rewarding at the same time? Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Learn Software Development online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career.   Check out our free technology courses to get an edge over the competition. The answer? Whatever you pick from the list below. What’s the number? Concepts needed: print, while loop, if/else statements, random function, input/ output This is a guessing game that the user plays with the program/computer. The program generates a random number using the random function. The user tries to guess it by inputting a value. The program then indicates whether the guess is right or not. If it is wrong, then the program should tell how off the guess was. If it is right, there should be another positive indicator. You can place a limit on the number of guesses allowed. You will also need functions to compare the inputted number with the guessed number, to compute the difference between the two, and to check whether an actual number was inputted or not.  Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Spin a yarn Concepts needed: strings, concatenation, variables, print. Things get more interesting here since strings are infinitely more complex to play with at the beginning.  The program first prompts the user to enter a series of inputs. These can be an adjective, a preposition, a proper noun, etc. Once all the inputs are in place, they are placed in a premade story template using concatenation. In the end, the full story is printed out to read some misintended madness! Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp What’s the word? Concepts needed: strings, variables, random function, variables, input/ output Similar to ‘What’s the Number?’, this name focuses on the user having to guess the randomly generated word. You can create a list from which the word would have to be guessed and also set a cap on the number of guesses allowed.  After this, you can create the rules yourself! When the user inputs the word, you can indicate whether the alphabet written appears in this particular position or not. You will need a function to check if the user is inputting alphabets or numbers and to display error messages appropriately.  Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Rock, paper, scissors Concepts needed: random function, print, input/ output, variables If you are tired of having no playmate, then a 5-minute stint of rock, paper, scissors with the computer and designed by you, yourself will improve your mood. We again use the random function here. You make a move first and then the program makes one. To indicate the move, you can either use a single alphabet or input an entire string. A function will have to be set up to check the validity of the move. Using another function, the winner of that round is decided. You can then either give an option of playing again or decide a pre-determined number of moves in advance. A scorekeeping function will also have to be created which will return the winner at the end.  Compute, calculate Concepts needed: functions, input/ output, variables,  This project involves building a simple calculator that can perform mathematical functions (which you decide). You can start with the basic BODMAS, and then progress to logarithms and exponents. You’ll have to keep tabs on what the user is entering and get the answer to print at the end. Whether the values in the middle of the calculation keep showing up is up to you.  upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Leap it! Concepts needed: functions, input/ output, boolean, print In this program, you input a year and check whether it is a leap year or not. For this, you’ll have to create a function that recognizes the pattern of leap years and can try fitting the inputted year into the pattern. In the end, you can print the result using a boolean expression.  Find out, Fibonacci! Concepts needed: functions, input/output, boolean, print You input a number and the function created checks whether the number belongs to the Fibonacci sequence or not. The underlying workings are similar to the above ‘Leap it!’ program.  One common theme in all the above projects is that they will help you to get your basics right. You will be the developer and the bug fixer. Not to mention, you’ll be closing working with creating and implementing a variety of functions along with working with variables, strings, integers, operators, etc. Just like 2 + 2 is the building block of your mathematics knowledge, so are these concepts, and learning about them in a fun way through building projects will help to understand and retain them more. If you are interested to become a software engineer, check out M.Sc. in Computer Science by upGrad, IIIT Bangalore, and Liverpool John Moores University which is designed for working professionals and provide 30+ projects & assignments, IIIT-B & LJMU Alumni status, 6 unique specializations, more than 500 hours of rigorous training & job placement assistance with top firms. 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by Ashish Korukonda

29 Aug'19