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Corporate lawyers are among the most in-demand professionals in our country, thanks to the unique skillset and expertise of such professionals.  When you plan a career in law, curiosity about the general lawyer salary in the country is very normal. The lawyer salary, or specifically, the lawyer salary in India, depends on a lot of parameters and has no single figure as an answer.  In order to find the answer to how much does a lawyer earn in India, one has to look into all of those parameters and get an estimation. The first and foremost parameter would be the category of the lawyer. Whether they are corporate lawyers, patent attorneys, criminal defense lawyers, and so forth. Compared to the other types, the salary of a corporate lawyer is usually on the higher side. However, the best way to determine how much in-demand a job really is through checking how much pay it offers. The average salary of lawyer in India depends on several factors ranging from the high demand in a specific location to the level of experience a lawyer brings to the table. Thus, to help you in understanding the demand of corporate lawyers in India, we have prepared the following article on corporate lawyer salary in India. Let’s get started: What is the Average Corporate Lawyer Salary in India? Take a look at the given figures based on the salary of a lawyer in India to understand how the salary figure works for lawyers based in India. These are estimated ranges of figures which are prone to change lawyer salary in India per month with a change in the company and their offered salary packages. The average corporate lawyer’s salary in India is INR 6.9 Lakh per annum. Freshers in this field earn around INR 1.47 Lakh per annum on average. This figure depends on the base salary, shared profit, and the received bonus.  Corporate lawyers are in evergreen demand because of the unique nature of their skill. Organizations of various sectors require the expertise of corporate lawyers to help them get through legal problems. It’s certainly one of the most sought-after professions and as the number of companies in India is increasing, the demand for corporate lawyers is increasing accordingly.  This might have given a rough idea of how much a lawyer earn in India, mainly a corporate one. However, there are many layers in determining a corporate lawyer salary in India. Our Learners also read: Free online Law courses with certificates! Job Description of Corporate Lawyer The job description plays a major role in determining the salary of a corporate lawyer and how much a lawyer earn in India. The more responsibilities they take, the higher their pay gets. Corporate lawyers will guide any company to run under the norms of the legal jurisdiction. They can work in-house, as a consultant, or even as advocates, policymakers, and researchers. From major operational decisions to new mergers to even cases against a company or business deals, corporate lawyers will be needed to set the parameters well. This field has emerged only recently and thus has hordes of opportunities as well as growth options. Corporate law offers immense potential to make it big, given the immense scope involved. If you have the mettle and are also hardworking and thorough in Business Law and sub-areas such as Investment Law, Financial Law, Human Rights, Diligence, Compliance, Environmental Law, IP Laws, Insurance Law, Constitutional Law, and International Trade Law; you can make a plunge in the field of corporate law. This prominently serves as the reason why the salary of a lawyer in India substantially grows with time. Primarily, corporate lawyers advise their clients in business transactions, defend them in lawsuits, claim liability, advise on prosecutions, obligations, and legal rights. They handle all the aspects of corporate law which consists of legal tasks pertaining to the formation, management, and administration of a company (or an entity similar to a company).  Common examples of such enterprises include LLCs (limited liability companies), partnerships, etc. They are responsible for assisting in formatting the new company which requires the filing of various legal documents related to incorporation and ensuring that the company meets all the local, state, and federal regulations. After the formation of a company, the corporate lawyer would advise the business on handling transactions with other corporations for helping the same comply with the regulations.  Corporate lawyers represent their clients in court or before government organizations. They are responsible for presenting and summarizing these cases to judges. In this process, the corporate lawyer might have to collect evidence, evaluate all the findings, and create strategies to present the case. They assist their companies in licensing new technologies and handling any legal issues that may arise. Corporate lawyers have to plan and advise their clients on corporate mergers, large deals, and acquisitions. Due to the unique requirements of their role, corporate lawyers must be experts at the corporate law of their country, state, and locality. They must be familiar with the various rules and regulations related to company formation, compliance, transactions, and other related aspects.  Corporate lawyers have to meet judges, argue motions, analyze laws, question witnesses and interpret regulations with probable case outcomes during a trial. Clearly, they require strong oration and interpersonal skills.  While corporate lawyers work in business hours they might have to work overtime because of the hectic nature of their role and during large transactions, legal cases, or mergers. They work with other legal team members such as patent lawyers to prepare their cases or ensure everything goes smoothly. The upper management of a company relies on the corporate lawyer to assist them with regulatory problems and corporate strategies.  As a corporate lawyer is responsible for meeting with regulators and government agencies, they might have to travel sometimes although the role doesn’t require much traveling. However, a lot of work conditions depend on the kind of enterprise they work with. For example, if your corporation has a lot of satellite offices, you might have to travel frequently.  Getting the top corporate lawyer salary in India depends on a lot of factors. We have discussed the most important determining factors of corporate lawyer salary in India in the next section.  According to a survey by Gallup, despite the scarcity in start-up practice from the lawyers’ end,  60% of lawyers in corporate departments have entrepreneurial ambitions. To become a corporate lawyer, you have to- Complete a bachelor’s degree in law or a related field Complete a relevant internship Apply for a license from the relevant Bar Association Network, work on gaining experience, and work developing a resume.  Factors Affecting Corporate Lawyer Salary in India There isn’t any one-rule-fits-all norm for deciding upon how much does a lawyer earn in India. Your background, credentials, and performance at law school matter at the outset as does your experience and the firm you are seeking employment at to decide the salary of lawyer in India! 1. Location How much do lawyers earn in India greatly varies with their working location. Your location plays a huge role in determining how much you make as a corporate lawyer. Some locations offer salaries higher than the national average while some places offer less than the average pay. It’s important to know which kind of place you live in to calculate your potential earnings in this field. Corporate lawyers in Chennai earn around 99.9% more than the national average. Similarly, corporate lawyers in Bangalore and New Delhi earn 41% and 17.5% higher than the average wages respectively.  Then there are locations that offer less than average pay such as Kolkata, where corporate lawyers earn 67.5% less than the national median. Other locations that offer less than average salaries include Pune (57%) and Ahmedabad (29%).  2. Skills Another notable factor that affects your corporate lawyer’s salary in India is the skills you have. The unique nature of this role requires you to have a strong grasp on certain skills, especially law-related.  According to the statistics, corporate lawyers with certain skills in their arsenal earn significantly more than others. For example, corporate lawyers with corporate governance skills earn 131% more than the average. Other beneficial skills for these professionals include Mergers and Acquisitions which offers 23% higher pay than the average and Contract Management which offers 70% more than the median pay.    If you want to get lucrative pay then you must focus on developing the most in-demand skills such as Corporate Governance and Contract Management. They will help you get a high-paying job in this field very easily.  3. Experience Wondering how much does a lawyer earn in India? Here is a peek at the average salary of lawyer in India and the factors affecting it. One of the most influential factors in determining your pay is the amount of professional experience you have.  Freshers in this field with less than a year’s experience earn INR 5.11 lakh per annum on average. Corporate lawyers with one to four years of experience earn around INR 5.82 lakh per annum on average. However, after a certain level of experience, your pay in this field increases substantially. Corporate lawyers with a significant amount of experience (five to nine years) make INR 14.5 lakh per annum on average. This figure stays relatively the same as you gain more experience. It’s clear that as you gain more experience in this sector, your pay increases accordingly. Percentage-wise, freshers in this field earn 26% less than the median whereas late-career professionals in this sector earn 111% more than the median.   4. Employer When calculating what the average lawyer salary in India per month is, remember that experience with a reputed employer is one crucial parameter that dictates the average salary of lawyer in India and abroad. Finally, a significant influencer of your pay as a corporate lawyer is who you work for. Corporate lawyers can work in various industries as their expertise can be used in nearly all sectors. Companies of all fields have to ensure they follow all the regulations and want to avoid legal issues. Apart from working directly with a company, a corporate lawyer might work in a law firm alongside several other lawyers.  Different employers offer different salaries such as Lexlit Advocates and Solicitors, a law firm, offers up to INR 48,000 to corporate lawyers while EXL Service offers up to INR 62,000.      Indian Law Firms that Pay the Highest Lawyer Salary in India:  How much do lawyers earn in India also depends on the law firm they are associated with. Top law firms in India can pay up to INR 14 lakh per annum to their employees. Apart from high remuneration these law firms also provide a great opportunity of grooming and prepare their employees to become experts and serve their valuable clients worldwide. These law firms extend the valuable experience to fresher candidates. Below are some of the top law firms for corporate lawyers that heavily influence how much does a lawyer earn in India. 1. Khaitan and Co. Found back in 1911, Khaitan and Co is India’s one of the oldest top law firms. The firm has more than 115 partners. The practice area of the firm includes banking and finance, competition law, dispute resolution, corporate, capital markets, energy, hospitality, infrastructure, intellectual property, funds, labour and employment, infrastructure and resources, and various other fields such as technology, and media, taxation etc. The firm has several national and international clients and has won the prize of being the best law firm of the year. The average salary of a legal associate with an experience of 1 to 5 years in this firm is around INR 10 lakhs per annum. 2. Sahrdul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co This law firm is considered to be the current largest law firm in India with its offices being across several cities of the country, such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chennai, Ahmedabad and Gurugram. The firm has a global client base with more than 110 partners all around the world. The firm has also won the “Innovation in Legal expertise” title. An associate with an experience between 1 to 5 years can earn an average of 17 lakhs per annum by working for this firm. The remuneration of associates with experience between 1 to 6 years ranges anywhere between INR 12 lakhs to INR 22 lakhs per annum. 3. Trilegal India Trilegal India is one of the top law firms in India that has employed more than three hundred lawyers across India in the four major cities, Bangalore, Mumbai, New Delhi, and Gurgaon. The firm mainly deals with real estate, infrastructure, energy, technology, and information technology fields. The firm is known for providing a great environment of analytical thinking for budding lawyers. As a fresher of 0 to 1 year, one can get paid an average of INR 14.8 lakh per annum. A legal associate’s salary at Trilegal India ranges from INR 13 lakhs to INR 16 lakhs per annum. 4. Desai & Dewanji Established in 1930, Desai & Dewanji is one of India’s oldest law firms and is widely popular for its high salary structure. The firm primarily deals with clients that are from the field of banking and finance, project and infrastructure, capital market, corporate problems and dispute resolution. The firm is located in three major cities of the country, Mumbai, Delhi and Gurgram. The firm has more than 24 partners and a tidal of more than 185 lawyers across its offices. A legal intern can earn an average of INR 2 lakh per annum by working for the company. Whereas legal associates with an experience between 2 to 6 years can earn anywhere between INR 7.2lakhs to INR 9.7 lakhs per annum. 5. Vaish Associates Founded in 1971, Vaish Associates is a full-service law firm that deals with both national and internal clients. The company has its three major companies in Mumbai, Bangalore and New Delhi, where New Delhi is the headquarters. However, the law firm also provides support in several other metropolitan cities. The firm gained its popularity by dealing in the fields of taxation, corporate, banking and finance, etc. Currently, the company has more than a dozen of partners and hundreds of associates working across the globe. Associate trainees in the company get paid an average of INR 4 lakhs per annum. Whereas associates and Senior Associates with experience between 1 to 7 years earn an average of INR 9.1 to 9.2 lakhs per annum. 6. Talwar Thakore and Associates The corporate law firm founded in 2007 is commonly known as TT&A. Around 60% of their current operations are now international. TT&A collaborated with Linklaters for the first time in 2011. Since then, the two organizations have successfully worked on different international projects together.  The remuneration offered by this corporate law firm begins at Rs 13 lakhs. The firm also provides a hefty bonus spending on factors like devotion to client’s work, performance, and more.  7. S&R Associates S&R Associates is a highly successful law firm established in 2005. Only 20% of its operations are focused on the domestic market. The remaining 80% of work is international. The firm runs on a 50:50 ratio with 6 female and 6 male partners. It is one of the most prestigious firms for a corporate lawyer to work in India.  Apart from corporate law, the firm also covers legal matters related to capital markets, private equity, IT & media, and more.  The firm offers a lucrative corporate lawyer salary of more than Rs 13 lakhs in the beginning. S&R Associates also offer a performance-related bonus to lawyers. The firm hires top talents from educational institutions like ILS, NALSAR, and ILS.  8. J Sagar and Associates JSA is a national law firm with 40 partners and more than 200 lawyers. The corporate law firm has multiple offices in different locations, including New Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Bangalore. It was established by Jyoti Sagar in 1991.  The firm offers around Rs 11.5 lakhs as the corporate lawyer salary in India. It also offers a lucrative bonus to employees. Moreover, every lawyer working at the firm can expect an increase in their base salary at the end of each year.  How to Get the Top Corporate Lawyer Salary in India? As we discussed in the previous section, your corporate lawyer’s salary in India depends on several factors. However, out of all of those factors, the one you control the most is the skills you have. By increasing the in-demand skills you have, you can enhance the amount you can make. Moreover, we have already seen how certain skills enhance your pay by a huge margin.  There are multiple methods to develop such skills. However, the most efficient method to learn the most in-demand skills is through taking a course. Taking such a course would ensure that you learn all the necessary skills for this role and get the highest chance of earning the top corporate lawyer salary in India. Trending Skills for Corporate Lawyers in India The top skills that you should acquire to earn the average salary of a corporate lawyer in India are as follows: Business Awareness: it is one of the most important skills for a corporate lawyer to understand how businesses work. This skill is essential for understanding the reason behind the success of a business. Negotiation Skills: Good negotiation skills are extremely important for getting a high corporate lawyer salary in India. Negotiation skills are essential for settling disputes peacefully outside the court. It saves the cost of expensive litigation.  Company Law: In-depth knowledge of the Companies Act 2013 is necessary for all corporate lawyers. It helps understand legal aspects associated with appointing company officials, preventing fraud, and more.  Conclusion As you can see, pursuing a career in corporate law is certainly a smart choice. Not only is this role well-respected but it’s also very lucrative and offers tons of growth opportunities. Of course, it is an intensive field that makes you keep engaged in constant study and pressure-laced deadlines too! But the offered average salary of a lawyer in India and the added reputation often lead people to feel an inclination towards this path, which is completely worth it if the candidate is willing to put in the work! Do you have any suggestions for this article? Let us know in the comments.

A significant contributor to the advancement of the Indian economy, the corporate sector has rapidly developed, increasing the demand for corporate lawyers. From litigations to contracts, mergers to compliances, corporate lawyers oversee it all, and a lot of the business’s operations might rest on the counsel of the corporate lawyer.  if you are wondering how to become a corporate lawyer and are interested in knowing about the day-to-day workings of corporate lawyers, you have come to the right place. This blog will give you a comprehensive overview of the designation of a corporate lawyer, also sometimes called a business lawyer, the job responsibilities, and the educational qualifications required to become one.  Steps To Follow To Become a Corporate Lawyer Read on to get a grasp on the entire step-by-step procedure of becoming a corporate lawyer: Complete the 10+2 and clear the law entrance exam: As is applicable in any other career, to pursue corporate law, you must pass your 10th and 12th with 50% or above in each exam. It is the minimum qualification needed to apply to law colleges. Gain a Bachelor’s degree: After attempting the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) or a similar entrance exam, you can enrol at a higher education institution for an integrated undergraduate course of five years, like the B.A. LL.B. Alternatively, if you have pursued a Bachelor’s degree in any other discipline and then taken a three-year LL.B. degree, you can take the CLAT exam after that as well. Acquire skills relevant to corporate law: During your undergraduate, your specialisation will determine the theoretical knowledge of your practice area. To gain practical experience, you must develop research, business communication and negotiating skills. Register at the Bar Council: This is the first step towards becoming a practising lawyer. You can provisionally register yourself at the Bar Council of your state. You have to submit the required documents for the provisional registration and pay a certain fee. Prepare for and attempt the Bar exam: Within two years of Bar Council registration, you must pass the All India Bar Exam (AIBE). Once you pass this exam, the Bar Council of India will award you a certificate of practice with permanent validity. Corporate Lawyer- Types Corporate lawyers can branch out into several specific specialisations based on their inclinations. Depending upon the practice areas, corporate lawyers can be classified into several types, as given below: Contract Lawyer: Contract lawyers specialise in drafting and ensuring the legal security of contracts, that is, legal agreements between two or more companies, which can be enforced by a court of law if breached by any involved parties. Lawyer for Merger and Acquisitions: Usually falling under the domain of general corporate, the law for mergers and acquisitions helps one company purchase or join forces with another company to become a single unit. For companies to expand and develop, mergers and acquisitions can prove crucial in determining the changes in market share. Corporate lawyers specialising in mergers and acquisitions help acquire and divest shares or assets, arrange schemes for merging or de-merge companies, restructure capital flow, etc.  Lawyers in Venture Capital: Venture capital law practitioners represent an investor or any other financial service provider in industries of private equity and public and private arrears. They supervise the legal aspects of structuring funds onshore and offshore, finding efficient avenues for tax-efficient investment and drafting documents for raising funds. Corporate Lawyer- Job Description and Responsibilities As the name suggests, corporate lawyers monitor legal issues of the corporate sector. Usually, they handle the legal aspect of their client’s business and assets, such as taxes or overseeing acquisitions. If required, a corporate lawyer can also defend their client in court. Given below are some of the primary job responsibilities of a corporate lawyer: Preparing or assisting in the preparation of legal documents for selling or restructuring organisations Negotiation in preparing and signing contracts Providing legal advice to clients Managing affairs related to employment law Collaborating with the company or the client on legal strategies Educational Qualifications Required To Become a Corporate Lawyer India’s primary corporate lawyer qualifications are the same as for any other law specialisations. Aspirants wishing to opt for corporate law as their future career ought to complete their higher secondary examinations with an aggregate of at least 50%.  After completing the 12th, the candidates must appear for a national or institute-specific entrance examination such as CLAT or LSAT to enrol in a law college. Candidates can opt for an integrated bachelor’s programme in law, such as a B.A. LL, B or BBA. LL. B or they can complete their three years of graduation in any other discipline followed by a three-year LL. B course. The LL. B course will help further cement their preferred specialisation for law practice, as in this case, corporate law. After LLB, you can go for professional practice or to further your studies by pursuing a Master’s degree. Once you decide to go for professional practice, you have to register yourself with the Bar Council of any Indian state to get acknowledged as an advocate. Following your registration with the Bar Council, you must pass the All India Bar India examination within two years to make your enrolment permanent. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Top Skills Sought in a Corporate Lawyer As a corporate lawyer, you must possess extensive knowledge in your field and stay updated and informed about the latest developments in corporate and legal sectors. To achieve this, you must acquire skills that will give you an edge over your peers.  Language proficiency is necessary, and you must be adept in negotiations and solving problems. Efficiency in interpersonal communication is a bonus. Furthermore, you need to be adept in research and critical thinking and possess the ability to build long-term rapport with clients. Explore our Popular Law Courses LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from Jindal Law School Essential Certifications for a Corporate Lawyer  Apart from the usual undergraduate degree of LL.B., aspirants can choose to pursue a Master’s degree in Law, namely LL.M., to fortify their specialisation. Many top institutions offer law courses with a specialisation in corporate law. The LL.M. in Corporate and Financial Law offered by Jindal Global Law School in partnership with UpGrad is a highly profitable course for those wishing to pursue higher studies in corporate law. How Long Does It Take To Become a Corporate Lawyer? Often, law aspirants are plagued by the question- ‘How many years to become a corporate lawyer?’. The answer varies depending on the educational qualifications one decides to have as a lawyer. If you choose to study an integrated law programme such as B.A. LL.B, or BBA. LL.B, you may become a corporate lawyer in five or six years. However, if you prefer to pursue a Bachelor’s degree in some other discipline followed by a three-year-long LLB programme, then it might take you a minimum of six to eight years to realise your dream of becoming a corporate lawyer.  Difference Between Corporate Lawyer and Commercial Lawyer For people uninitiated in the domain of law, corporate and commercial law might seem the same, especially because corporate law is also commonly referred to as business law. Although both are concerned with business or commercial organisation operations, the scope of work is quite distinct. Hence, it is essential to understand how the responsibilities differ for a corporate and a commercial lawyer.  Here’s a table listing the differences between the two: Corporate Lawyer Commercial Lawyer Corporate lawyers are concerned with the activities of individual companies. Commercial lawyers are concerned with the general legal aspects of businesses. The responsibilities of a corporate lawyer involve the internal structure of the organisation, such as the formation of the company, rights of the stakeholders, expansion of the company through merger or acquisition Commercial lawyers come into the picture when the company is involved in any external operation, namely a commercial transaction. They supervise terms and conditions for purchase or subscription, required permits for a transaction, and affiliate partnerships. Learn Law Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn an LLM Degree to fast-track your career. Corporate Lawyer- Career Advancement Opportunities The rising demand for corporate lawyers makes career advancement in this field highly possible. The versatility of the responsibilities of corporate lawyers makes their job extremely rewarding. Both government-owned and private sectors seek corporate lawyers for several purposes, such as an advocate for a firm.  However, advocacy is a later stage in the professional career of a corporate lawyer, and it requires experience in court. Furthermore, a career in corporate law is highly flexible as one can work as an in-house advisor for a company and a freelance consultant on corporate law. Read our Popular Articles related to Law Top Career Options for Lawyers Top 7 Career Options in Law In India: Which One Should You Choose Average Corporate Lawyer Salary in India [For Freshers & Experienced] Corporate Lawyer- Employment Scope One can get appointed as a legal counsel or legal officer for a company, ensuring the firm’s operations are well within the legal periphery. Those working as legal counsels in the corporate sector usually hold the following positions— legal manager, legal advisor, or legal associate (senior or junior). Besides, you can also work as a professor or lecturer specialising in corporate law if you are interested in the academic scope of corporate law. Universities often recruit academics specialising in corporate law if they have at least a Master’s degree. Salary of a Corporate Lawyer A corporate lawyer in India earns INR 697,292 on average per year.  However, this amount can vary from individual to individual depending upon various factors, such as skill set, experience, and educational qualifications. Furthermore, companies might offer different salary ranges, affecting the yearly average. Individuals beginning their careers as corporate lawyers in India can earn approximately 146,000 INR annually. Conclusion With a prosperous and dynamic employment field and multiple avenues to employ their knowledge, corporate lawyers are one of the main pillars of a business’s operations. They perform what can be termed corporate housekeeping— supervising the legal aspects of the daily operations and guiding legal documentation. This article will hopefully take you one step towards answering the question- how to become a business lawyer and a successful one. Enrol in the LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law from JGU, offered in collaboration with upGrad. With a cutting-edge curriculum taught by highly qualified faculties and career support in the form of mock interviews, job fairs and case studies, this course can be especially beneficial for those wishing to acquire additional skill sets in corporate law. FAQs 

Harbouring the dream of working as a lawyer at the Indian Judiciary demonstrates a strength of character and the willingness to contribute to society’s progress. Lawyers protect the rights of the citizens; hence, they occupy an indispensable position in society. Definition of Lawyer Also termed as an attorney or a counsellor, a lawyer is a professional individual who, having received training in the legal field, can advise people on legal matters and, with some experience, can also represent clients in court. Depending upon their level of professional expertise, lawyers can be differentiated into advocates, solicitors, counsellors, attorneys, barristers and so on. What Does a Lawyer Do? The professional range of duties a lawyer has includes: 1. Providing advice to clients A lawyer’s first and foremost responsibility is to provide their clients with objective counsel on a matter requiring legal scrutiny. They should advise and inform the client about the applicable laws and the best way to secure their legal rights. 2. Court representation of clients When lawyers act as advocates, they are instrumental in representing their clients in court. This involves arguing cases and providing evidence to support the client’s perspective. 3. Settlement of disputes Skilled lawyers can sometimes settle a legal dispute without taking it to a trial. This helps resolve legal issues much more efficiently and quickly. 4. Protecting the confidentiality and rights of the client As part of their ethical conduct, lawyers are expected to represent the best interests of their clients and never act in a manner that might conflict with the client, nor can they persuade the client to engage in any profitable business. They are also ethically responsible for safeguarding any information the client provides them to resolve their case. But how to become a lawyer in India? If you wish to delve into the interdisciplinary aspects of law and advance into senior roles in the legal field, register for the Doctor of Juridical Science(SJD) degree offered by Golden Gate University School of Law in partnership with upGrad. What Are the Eligibility Criteria Required To Become a Lawyer? The eligibility criteria to become a lawyer include passing higher secondary examinations with at least 60 per cent in total or an equivalent cumulative grade point average (CGPA). Additionally, aspirants must clear law entrance tests approved in India, such as the All India Law Admission Test(AILET) or CLAT(Common Law Admission Test).  After clearing the exams, aspirants can complete a five-year integrated course of Bachelors and Law degrees such as B.A. LL.B., B.Com. LL.B. and BBA. LLB from a recognised institute. Alternatively, they can get a Bachelor of Law (LL.B) degree first, followed by a Master of Law (LL.M), spanning one or two years.  Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Types of In-Demand Law Specialisations in India Taxation Law This specialised branch deals with taxation regulations through an in-depth approach. Students learn about the rationale behind a public authority levying a tax, the government’s taxation policies and solutions in case of default.  Students learn about various kinds of tax laws such as income tax, sales tax, tax on real estate, property tax, services tax, corporate tax and so on. Furthermore, the curriculum involves learning about tax credits and deductions and documenting taxes. Civil Law The most popular area in law specialisation, civil law, mainly involves rules and regulations for mitigating cases with no criminal aspect. It falls under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC), which governs civil affairs in India.  Civil lawyers must deal with disputes between organisations, individuals, families, and partnerships. In civil law, lawsuits are often solved through compensation and not the imposition of penalty or punishment. Criminal Law One of the most popular applications of law is to prevent and protect against crime. Not only do criminal lawyers have to learn about rules for preventing crime, but also about developing and modifying policies to safeguard against criminal offences. Business and Corporate Law With the expansion of the corporate sector and the 1991 reforms of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation in India, the prospects of a career in corporate law have increased significantly. Corporate lawyers help businesses comply with corporate law regulations promulgated by the state and central governments and international regulations.  Aspirants interested in expanding their knowledge of business law to international arenas can apply for the LL.M. in International Business & Finance Laws from GGU. How to Become a Lawyer in India – Eligibility Becoming a lawyer in India requires completing Higher Secondary Examinations and obtaining a degree in a law programme from an authorised institute. Students can directly pursue it after completing either higher secondary education or graduation. How to become a lawyer after 12th To become a lawyer after passing the 12th or higher secondary examination, one must prepare for the entrance examinations for law institutes and colleges.  At the undergraduate level, one must clear the Common Law Entrance Test or the Law School Admission Test, whichever applies to the chosen university. Irrespective of the stream — Humanities, Commerce or Science chosen by the candidate in their 10+2, they can pursue law. However, knowing the right kind of law course for the aspirant is essential. Courses such as B.A. LL. B, LL.B., B.Com. LL.B. and B.Sc. LL.B. are nowadays quite popular. However, admission in these courses in most institutes requires a specific cutoff score in entrance exams like the CLAT or LSAT as universities prefer admission test scores in these exams, although some universities may offer seats based on class 12 scores, too. Read our Popular Articles related to Law Top Career Options for Lawyers Top 7 Career Options in Law In India: Which One Should You Choose Average Corporate Lawyer Salary in India [For Freshers & Experienced] How To Become a Corporate Lawyer Before you specialise in corporate law, you must gain the qualifications required to become a lawyer. You can either complete a five-year B.A. LL.B undergraduate degree or a Bachelor’s degree in any discipline you choose, followed by an LL.B degree. Then, you must clear the Bar exam, which the Bar Council of India hosts. This is imperative to test your knowledge of the legal procedures in India. Following the clearance of the bar exam, you can apply for a corporate law position or gain some experience and skills as a lawyer before choosing to specialise in corporate law. To establish your specialisation as a corporate lawyer, you can take up advanced corporate law courses or learn business management and leadership skills by working in mergers and acquisitions, real estate, corporate governance, etc. Learn Law Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn an LLM Degree to fast-track your career. Skills Required To Become a Lawyer Being a lawyer requires a comprehensive knowledge of the legal field and acquiring soft and hard professional skills. Excellent communication, analytical skills and networking are some of the transferable skills that a lawyer must acquire to succeed in their profession. Here are some of the essential skills that will enable a lawyer to advance in their career: Being detail-oriented A vital skill for lawyers paying minute attention to detail to identify inconsistencies in cases and to avoid discrepancies in legal documents like clauses and contracts is necessary. It can help lawyers succeed and avoid potential pitfalls due to unintended errors. Organisational skills The responsibilities of a lawyer can be immense, ranging from maintaining client records and documents to networking and attending meetings. Hence, keeping track of schedules and learning to sort duties according to priorities is crucial. Analysis and research Working on a case requires a significant amount of research to extract information. Furthermore, lawyers ought to analyse aspects of a case and infer the context of any legal issue. It contributes to the lawyer’s critical thinking and reasoning abilities, which help them provide the necessary guidance to the client. Interpersonal skills Since lawyers have to interact with a variety of people from different social backgrounds, they need to develop interpersonal skills such as teamwork and the ability to connect and empathise with others to interpret other people’s perspectives correctly.   Explore our Popular Law Courses LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from Jindal Law School What Is the Difference Between an Advocate and A Lawyer?  Advocate Lawyer To be identified as an advocate, one has to represent their client in a court of law. Depending upon the facts of the case, an advocate can either seek redressal or compensation for a grievance or plead for the release of a client. It is a generic legal term used to denote any individual with a law degree, including solicitors, attorneys and barristers. Once you have cleared the exam and become a member of the state bar council, you become an advocate and can represent clients in court in an official capacity. To practice in a court of law, lawyers need to pass the All-India Bar examination first and get admitted to a state bar council. If you are wondering how to become a barrister, who is almost the same as an advocate, then this step is the answer. Advocates possess more professional experience than lawyers as they get the opportunities to practise law in multiple settings and legal domains, getting much-needed exposure. Lawyers’ experience is limited chiefly to academia as they do not have exposure to the professional arena as much as advocates, having only graduated from law school. The diverse and vast knowledge of legal matters possessed by an advocate, along with their experience and skills, qualify them to represent their clients in a court of law and attempt to get the most favourable verdict for the client.  A lawyer can provide legal counsel to their clients but cannot be present in a court of law to plead their cases. Conclusion The blog has comprehensively covered all the points prospective law students ask “how to be a lawyer in India”. Law has become a lucrative profession, especially in the corporate sector. Individuals seeking to upskill and make a career in corporate law can enrol themselves in the LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law from JGU, offered in partnership with upGrad. It is a first-of-its-kind LLM degree designed for working professionals looking to advance their careers. Visit the official website for more course-related information. FAQ

Lawyers and advocates play crucial roles within the legal system, advocating for justice and representing clients in legal matters. As legal professionals, they possess comprehensive knowledge of laws, regulations, and precedents and are adept at analysing complex legal issues. The primary difference between lawyer and advocate lies in their specialised roles within the legal system, with lawyers providing legal advice and advocates primarily representing clients in court proceedings. Definition of Lawyer A lawyer is a legal professional who has completed a formal education in law and obtained a degree in the field. They are licenced to practise law and provide legal advice and representation to individuals, businesses, organisations, and governments. Lawyers have in-depth knowledge of the law, including statutes, regulations, and legal precedents. They use this expertise to assist clients in various legal matters, such as drafting contracts, giving legal advice, negotiating settlements, and representing clients in court proceedings.  Definition of Advocate An advocate is a legal professional specialising in representing and defending their clients’ interests in legal proceedings, particularly in court. Advocates are trained to present arguments persuasively and effectively before judges and juries, aiming to achieve the best possible outcome for their clients. While “advocate” is commonly used in some legal systems, it may be synonymous with a “barrister” in countries following the British legal system. In other legal systems, “advocate” may refer to any legal professional practising law, including lawyers and attorneys.  Definition of Barrister A barrister is a legal professional, particularly in countries that follow the British legal system, such as England, Wales, Australia, and some other Commonwealth countries. Barristers are lawyers who specialise in advocacy and representation in court. They are usually experts in specific areas of law and are often engaged by solicitors or directly by clients to provide specialist legal advice and advocacy in court proceedings. Barristers typically wear distinctive black gowns and wigs when appearing in court.  Apply now and gain specialised expertise in law with LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law from JGU. Enhance your legal knowledge and career prospects with upGrad’s comprehensive programme. What Is the Difference Between Lawyer and Advocate? The lawyer and advocate difference lies primarily in their roles. Scope of practice: A lawyer is a general term for any legal professional who has completed law and is licensed to practise. Lawyers can work in various legal fields, including providing legal advice to individuals and organisations and drafting documents. Whereas, an advocate typically refers to a legal professional who specialises in courtroom advocacy and represents clients in court proceedings. Courtroom Representation: Lawyers may or may not represent clients in court, depending on their practice area. Advocates, however, have qualified for the requisite Bar Council Exam under the Advocates Act, 1961, which allows them to practice in any court of law. Their professional competence lies in arguing cases and presenting evidence before judges and juries. Legal System Variations: These terms’ usage and meaning can vary from country to country, depending on the legal system in place. In some countries, “advocate” may be synonymous with “lawyer,” In others, it may refer to a specific type of lawyer who focuses on courtroom representation. Professional Titles: In certain jurisdictions, “advocate” may be a formal title used for certain legal professionals, particularly those qualified to represent clients in higher courts. In other jurisdictions, the title “advocate” might not be used, and all legal professionals may be referred to as “lawyers” or “attorneys.” Explore our Popular Law Courses LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from Jindal Law School Similarities Between Lawyers And Advocates Here are the fundamental similarities between a lawyer and an advocate: Legal Professionals: Both lawyers and advocates are legal professionals who have gained a law degree and the necessary qualifications to practise law.  Legal Knowledge: Both comprehensively understand laws, regulations, and legal precedents relevant to their practice areas. Client Representation: Both provide legal representation to clients. They offer advice, guidance, and advocacy on legal matters to protect their client’s rights and interests. Ethical Obligations: Lawyers and advocates are bound by professional codes of ethics and conduct. They must uphold high integrity, confidentiality, and customer loyalty standards while maintaining their duty to the court and the justice system. Legal Specialisation: Both lawyers and advocates often specialise in specific areas of law, such as criminal law, civil law, family law, corporate law, or intellectual property law, to better serve their clients’ needs. Advocacy Skills: While all lawyers may not exclusively focus on courtroom representation, advocates possess advocacy skills, enabling them to present arguments and negotiate on their clients’ behalf effectively. Unlock your potential with an LL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law from JGLS. Enhance your expertise in this dynamic field to explore its immense employment opportunities.  Lawyer vs Advocate vs Barrister The difference between lawyer, advocate, and barrister lies in their roles within the legal system. The key differences are: Lawyer Advocate Barrister Studied law and is licenced to practise Advocates are lawyers who have passed the Bar Council Exam of India, allowing them to represent clients in court. Typically found in countries with a British-based legal system, like England and Wales. Can work in various legal areas, including providing legal advice, drafting legal notices, deeds, wills and negotiating contracts Specifically trained and primarily engaged to argue cases and present evidence before judges and juries. Specialise in representing clients in court and arguing their case before a judge and jury. Experts in specific areas of law, barristers are often engaged by solicitors or clients to provide specialist legal advice and advocacy in court proceedings. Often hired as a legal adviser, in-house legal counsellor to corporates and organisations and consultants. Specialises in courtroom advocacy and representing clients in court proceedings Wear distinctive black gowns and wigs when appearing in court. Understanding the lawyer, advocate, barrister difference is crucial for comprehending the varied roles and specialisations within the legal profession. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Steps to Become an Indian Lawyer To become a lawyer in India, follow these steps: Educational Qualification: Obtain a Bachelor’s degree in law (LL.B) from a recognised university. This is typically a three-year course for graduates and a five-year course for students who pursue law after 12th grade. Entrance Exam: After completing the LL.B., clear the All India Bar Examination (AIBE) conducted by the Bar Council of India. Passing this exam is mandatory for practising law in India. Enrol with State Bar Council: After passing the AIBE, register with the State Bar Council where you intend to practise law. You will be issued a “Certificate of Practice.” Optional Specialisation: Pursue a Master’s degree (LL.M.) for specialised knowledge in a particular area of law. Training: Undergo practical training by working as an intern or associate with senior lawyers or law firms. Practice: After completing the above steps, you can start practising law independently or with a law firm and offer legal counsel to clients. Read our Popular Articles related to Law Top Career Options for Lawyers Top 7 Career Options in Law In India: Which One Should You Choose Average Corporate Lawyer Salary in India [For Freshers & Experienced] How Can One Become an Advocate In India? To become an advocate in India, follow these steps: Educational Qualification: Obtain a Bachelor’s degree in law (LL.B.) from a recognised university. You can pursue a three-year LL.B. course after graduation or a five-year integrated course after 12th grade. Entrance Exam: Some universities and states may require you to clear the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) or state-specific entrance exams for admission to law schools. LL.B. Degree: Complete the LL.B. course, which includes various law subjects. Enrolment with Bar Council: Apply for enrolment with the State Bar Council in the state where you wish to practise law. Submit the necessary documents, including educational certificates, enrolment fees, and other required forms. AIBE Examination: After enrolment, clear the All India Bar Examination (AIBE) conducted by the Bar Council of India. Passing this exam is mandatory to practise law in India. Practise: Once you pass the AIBE, you can practise as an advocate in Indian courts, representing clients and handling legal cases. How Does a Lawyer Become an Advocate? In some legal systems, the terms “lawyer” and “advocate” are used interchangeably, and there may be no formal distinction between the two. However, assuming that “lawyer” refers to a legal professional who primarily provides legal advice and handles non-courtroom legal matters, and “advocate” refers to a legal professional who specialises in courtroom representation, the process of becoming an advocate typically involves the following steps: Education: Obtain a law degree (LL.B.) from a recognised university or law school. Practice Experience: Gain practical experience as a lawyer by providing legal advice, drafting legal documents, and handling non-litigation legal matters. Specialisation: Develop expertise in a specific area of law that interests you or aligns with your career goals. Training: Seek opportunities to gain courtroom experience, such as assisting senior advocates in court or participating in moot court competitions. AIBE Examination: Clear the All India Bar Examination (AIBE) or any other relevant bar examination to be eligible to practise as an advocate. Enrollment as an Advocate: Apply for enrolment with the State Bar Council as an advocate, which allows you to represent clients in court and engage in courtroom advocacy. Learn Law Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn an LLM Degree to fast-track your career. Lawyer or Advocate — Which Is More Preferable? The comparison between a lawyer and an advocate as better professions depends on individual preferences, career goals, and the legal system in which one practices. Lawyers may find satisfaction in transactional work, corporate law, intellectual property, or family law. On the other hand, advocates may thrive in the excitement of courtroom advocacy, presenting arguments, and litigating cases. Ultimately, the better profession is subjective and depends on an individual’s passion, strengths, and career objectives within the context of the legal system in which they practise. Conclusion Both lawyers and advocates are integral to the legal profession, upholding justice and safeguarding the rights of individuals and entities. While the terms may vary in meaning across legal systems, lawyers generally encompass a broader range of legal work, including advisory roles and courtroom representation, whereas advocates specialise in courtroom advocacy.  Unlock your potential with an LLM in Dispute Resolution offered by upGrad in partnership with Jindal Global Law School. Gain specialised legal expertise and skills to resolve conflicts and navigate complex disputes. Take your career to new heights with our comprehensive LLM programme. Enrol now and become a sought-after professional in the field of dispute resolution. FAQS

Acceptance Definition A legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties is referred to as a contract. A contract may be expressed either orally or in writing that includes an offer, acceptance, consideration, etc. According to contract law, acceptance is the act of approving or consenting to the conditions of an offer. It can be expressed either orally or in writing. It is generally denoted as communication between two different parties. Offers can be accepted only if they are specific and transparent in their terms. If the offer contains some conditions or additional terms, then the conditions must be satisfied before it is accepted. I Acceptance in Contract Law Acceptance is an important theory in contract law. It is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that entails responsibilities, benefits, or other considerations.  In order for acceptance to be  valid some requirements must be satisfied including capacity, mutual consent, legality, sufficient consideration in a contract, etc. In legal terminologies when someone agrees with an offer then they have to obey the terms made in the offer. According to the Indian Contract Act, 1872, Section 2(b), acceptance is expressed as “When the person to whom the proposal has been made signifies his assent thereto, the offer is said to be accepted. Thus, the proposal when accepted becomes a promise.” In accordance with the definition, acceptance occurs when the offeree, to whom the proposal is made, accepts it unconditionally. This is like a promise once the offer is accepted.  For example, ‘X’ accepts Y’s offer to buy his car for five lac rupees. Once the offer is accepted it becomes irrevocable and becomes a promise. An offer does not constitute a promise but once it is accepted, a promise is made. This promise binds two different parties to legal obligations. Before acceptance, an offer may be withdrawn but once the acceptance is communicated it cannot be canceled.  Some situations which represent the term acceptance are presented below. According to insurance law, when an insurer accepts a person’s insurance application and subsequently issues them a policy to cover specific risks. When a bank pays for a check that was issued to a client who holds a checking account with the bank. You can also check out our free courses offered by upGrad in Management, Data Science, Machine Learning, Digital Marketing, and Technology. All of these courses have top-notch learning resources, weekly live lectures, industry assignments, and a certificate of course completion – all free of cost! Contract Offer and Acceptance Contract Law Offer: Offer is defined as an expression of willingness to enter into a contract with the other party on specific terms with the intention of creating a legally binding agreement. The indication of your willingness may be a letter, email, or even your actions. Here the intentions of a person are not important. If it can be reasonably demonstrated that he intended to create a legally binding contract based on the case, that is sufficient. The other party can accept or reject an offer. Acceptance: If the person agrees to all the terms of the offer made to him without adding any counter conditions then the offer is referred to as an acceptance. Sometimes, the offeree’s action may be considered an expression of acceptance. While determining if the acceptance has taken place or not, the court generally considers the correspondence between the parties.  It is important to notice whether the offeree accepts the proposal without conditions. Rules regarding Valid Acceptance There are some essential elements of a valid contract and acceptance that needs to be followed: Acceptance can only be given to whom the offer was made A specific offer or proposal can only be accepted by the person to whom it was made in the first place. The meaning of self-acceptance is that only the offeree’s acceptance is taken into consideration. No third party can accept the offer without the referee’s knowledge. If the offeree has designated a representative to accept on his behalf then also the acceptance is considered as a valid one. Example: Sam sold his company to Jack, but he did not inform all of his creditors. Sam’s creditor Jone gave him an order. The goods were accepted and provided by Jack. Jone refused to pay because he still owed Sam’s money. According to the rule, Jack cannot accept the offer because it was never made to him, so there is no contract. It has to be absolute and unqualified Acceptance must be unconditional and pure. Conditional acceptance is not permitted because that would be a counteroffer, and the counteroffer cancels the original offer.  Example: If Y is offered 5000 in exchange for X’s motorcycle. Y declares that he will agree if X will sell it for 3000. This will be considered as a counteroffer rather than the offer being accepted.  Acceptance must be communicated A proposal must be acknowledged by the offeror in order for it to be accepted and turned into a contract. Every offer must be acknowledged by the offeror in order to become a legally binding agreement.  The offeree must be aware that an offer has been made to him before he decides whether to accept it or not. It’s impossible to communicate acceptance without being aware of the offer. The communications must take place in any form that would normally be used in business. Example: Y receives an offer letter from X to purchase his car for three lakhs. Y signs the contract but neglects to reply to the letter. In this case, acceptance has not been communicated and it becomes invalid. It must be in the prescribed mode The offer must be accepted in the manner that is specified by the offeror. If the method is not specified then it must be in a practical way that would be used in daily operations. However, if the offeror does not object after the offer has been accepted in a different way then it will be assumed that he has approved of that acceptance.  Example: X makes Y an offer to buy his car for five lakhs. He requests that Y reply via postal mail. Y sends a mail approving his offer. If X does not ask Y to resend the response in a designated manner that means X has accepted B’s response. Implied Acceptance According to Section 8 of the Indian Contract Act of 1872, Acceptance by the promisee’s actions is acceptable. Therefore, implied acceptance is acceptable if a person takes certain actions that indicate that he has accepted the offer. In order to dive deeper into the contract law world, opt for Contract Law Bootcamp from upGrad.  Types of Acceptance There are various types of acceptance in contract law as mentioned below: Expressed Acceptance A written or verbal acceptance made by the offeree is regarded as an expressed acceptance of the offer. If some drawers accept the transaction, but not all of them do, this is referred to as acceptance by some. The agreement must make the condition of acceptance crystal clear and easy to understand. When the drawee consents to pay the bill in installments, then the bill is accepted for installment payments.  Example: X verbally and in person offers to buy Y’s car for five lakhs. X Sends the offer in an email and Y accepts the offer. This represents an open acceptance. Implied Acceptance It is referred to as an implied acceptance if the offeree’s conduct, mannerism, or any type of behavior convey the acceptance. Example: X has implicitly agreed to pay the amount that the grocery store is demanding in exchange for the goods. Conditional Acceptance Acceptance with conditions is also referred to as qualified acceptance. In this case, the offeree consents to accept the offer only if certain modifications are made to its terms and conditions. This offer is now a counteroffer. Example: If the work is finished by the deadline, X agrees to pay Y for the renovation of his home. Conclusion According to contract law, acceptance is the act of approving or consenting to the conditions of an offer. It can be expressed either orally or in writing. The difference between an offer and acceptance in contract law is clearly expressed here. After that various rules regarding essentials of valid contract are described.  Next, types of acceptance are classified to present a clear idea about acceptance in contract law. FAQs

What is an Offer? If you intend to enter into a contract, you should be aware of what an offer in contract law is. In the law of contracts, a promise of money or another valuable thing from a promisor in exchange for a promise’s performance is known as an offer. In other words, it is a request to sign a contract with specific conditions. An offer may be withdrawn, canceled, or renegotiated. It can be expressed in a variety of ways, from a brief, straightforward oral statement to a lengthy, in-depth written statement. There are two key components of an offer to a contract which are expressed as a specific promise from the person making the promise (the offerer) and a specific demand from the person receiving the offer (the offeree). Example: If ‘X’ offers ‘Y’ to sell a product for five lakhs then ‘x’ is the offeree, and ‘Y’ is the offeror. ‘X’ will give the ownership of a product in exchange for five lakhs. Here ‘Y’ also makes an offer. According to Section 2 of the Indian Contract Act 1872, the offer is defined as “When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he said to make a proposal”.  In order to create a valid contract, an offer must be made by one party, it must be accepted by another party and the offer must be exchanged along with consideration.  A common challenge in a contract is to determine the authenticity of the offer and whether the recipient party accepts it as such or not. The court might conclude that you have made an offer if your proposal contains conditions regarding quality, quantity, price, and delivery location in addition to other terms. In most cases, a straightforward price quote is not regarded as an offer. Ads may be viewed as invitations to offers, but they do not constitute actual offers. Acceptance, Rejection, and Termination of an Offer If the party receiving the offer chooses to accept it and make a partial payment, the offeror might be obligated to the terms and conditions of the offer. A deal is made once the offeror accepts the payment. Then, he or she will be compelled by the law to carry out their respective commitments under the contract. The offeree has the right to file a lawsuit if the offeror is in breach of their contractual commitments. If the offer is rejected, then it is considered terminated. If the conditions of the offer are modified then the original offer will be rejected and replaced with a new one. In this case, the new offer is assigned as a counteroffer. If it is stated that the offer will end within a specific time period then the receiving party may not accept it after the given time period. After a particular time period, the offer may automatically be terminated. Proposal Offer Proposal is the first essential element of valid contract. The Indian Contract Act of 1872 states in section 2(a) that “When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal”. The person who offers the proposal is known as the promisor or offeror. The person who is being proposed is referred to as the promisee or offeree. The proposal turns into a promise when the person to whom it is being made accepts it. A proposal or offer is the initial point of an agreement. When one party offers a proposal to another party then both parties enter into a legally binding agreement. So, every agreement is also considered a promise or set of promises.  Example: If ‘X’ tells ‘Y’ that he desired to marry in 2024, then it is not considered an offer of marriage. Because a valid offer states that willingness must be made to get the assent of the other. So, if ‘X’ adds another statement “Will you marry me?” then it is considered as an offer. There are various types of offers such as general offers, special offers, cross offers and counter offer contract law.  Features In order to be accepted, the offer must fulfill the following conditions. The offer needs to be communicated. Must be able to establish a legal relationship Must be expressed in language that is certain Must be made with the intention of obtaining the consent of the other party An offer can also be explicit or implied. In the presence of conversation, an express offer is made, whereas in the absence of conversation, an implied offer is communicated.  Elements of a Valid Offer The elements of a valid offer constitute the following. Parties involved: To make a proposal there must be a minimum of two participants. The individual making the offer is referred to as the offeror and the individual to whom the offer is made is referred to as the offeree. Communication of the offer: The offeree must be aware of the offer proposal. The offer must be communicated to the offeree before he can accept it.  To do or abstain from doing: The offeror must let the offeree know whether he is willing to perform the act that comprises the offer or not. Create legal relations: An offer or proposal must establish a legal relationship between the parties. A party invitation is not a valid offer because it is a social obligation. Obtaining Assent The offer must not be vogueIt is necessary for the proposal or offer to be made with the goal of winning the offeree’s approval. Example: ‘X’ tells ‘Y’ that after a year, he will marry her. As ‘X’ is not requesting Y’s acceptance, this will not be regarded as an offer. This is not an offer until X asks Y for her response.  An offer or proposal can be conditional: An offer may contain some specific condition. The offeree must decide whether to accept the offer under those restrictions. If the offeree adds some of his conditions then it is called a counteroffer. The inconvenience of acceptance cannot be on the offeree: The offer can not state negatively that it will be assumed accepted if the acceptance is not communicated within a certain time period. Offer proposal can be specific or implied: The offer can be made explicit by using certain words, a written document, or a verbal message. You can also check out our free courses offered by upGrad in Management, Data Science, Machine Learning, Digital Marketing, and Technology. All of these courses have top-notch learning resources, weekly live lectures, industry assignments, and a certificate of course completion – all free of cost! Classification of Offer Offers are classified into various types:  Express offer An offer that is stated verbally or in writing is known as an express offer. Example: ‘Y’ asked ‘z’ if he would purchase his guitar for Rs2000. Implied offer It is a proposal that results from the behavior or situation of the parties.  Example: A transport company may agree to transport passengers along a particular route at a particular rate. General offer This offer is offered to all interested parties. Anyone in the public has the right to accept it because it is offered to them and they have the right to a reward or compensation. Specific offer It is a proposal made to a single individual or group, and only that individual or group may accept it. When communication is complete The communication of the proposal is complete when the person to whom a proposal is made is aware of it. The communication of an acceptance in contract law is complete when it is put in a transmission course to him so that it is out of the power of the acceptor’s control. Acquire a deeper understanding of the contract law anomalies via the Contract Law Bootcamp from upGrad. Difference between General Offer and Specific Offer Basis General offer Specific offer Meaning A general offer is an offer made to the public or a large group of people. A specific offer, also known as a particular offer, is an offer made to a specific individual or a particular group of people. Intention It is intended to be open to anyone who meets the specified conditions or requirements.  Unlike a general offer, it is not open to the public or a wide range of individuals. Terms of fulfillment  The offeror (the party making the offer) is obligated to fulfill the terms of the offer if someone accepts it according to the prescribed method.  This type of offer typically requires a direct communication between the offeror and offeree (the party receiving the offer). Examples For example, a company advertising a limited-time discount on its website for all customers would be considered a general offer. For instance, if a person sends a job offer letter to a particular candidate outlining the terms of employment, it would be considered a specific offer. Conclusion An offer is a request to sign a contract with specific conditions. An offer may be withdrawn, canceled, or renegotiated. In order to create a valid contract, an offer must be made by one party, it must be accepted by another party and the offer must be exchanged along with consideration. Here different features of an offer in contract law are explained. The significance of a valid offer is described and also different types of offers are explained to give a complete idea about the offer in contract law. FAQs

Legal competence is essential for the development and protection of businesses in the challenging and competitive business environment of today. Business attorneys can help with this. A business legal counselor is an individual from a legitimate calling who centers around offering lawful guidance and help to organizations of all sizes and areas. They are fundamental in directing firms through troublesome legitimate issues, guaranteeing consistency, and protecting their inclinations. Here, we’ll look at the obligations, capabilities, working circumstances, and compensation of an Indian business legal advisor. What is a Business Lawyer?  A business legal advisor is a lawful master who centers around offering legitimate insight and administrations to organizations. They are some of the time alluded to as corporate attorneys or business legal counselors. They team up intimately with clients in the business world, helping them in understanding and comply with appropriate standards and guidelines while keeping up with the effectiveness of their tasks. Contracts, protected innovation, work concerns, consolidations and acquisitions, corporate administration, and question goals are only a couple of the lawful difficulties taken care of by business lawyers. Enhance your current skills with Contract Law Bootcamp from upGrad and stand out in your field.  Learn Law Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn an LLM Degree to fast-track your career. Business Lawyer Job Duties  The precise requirements of the client or organization will determine how a business lawyer performs their obligations. However, a few typical duties are as follows: Giving legal advice: Business attorneys provide knowledgeable counsel on a range of legal issues, including those involving contracts, corporate governance, legal compliance, intellectual property, and more. They aid in drafting, examining, and negotiating contracts, making sure that all of the terms and conditions are reasonable and legally enforceable. Business attorneys are essential in helping with mergers, acquisitions, and other business transactions. They do our due diligence, create transactional paperwork, and make sure the law is followed. Business attorneys defend their clients in discussions, mediation, arbitration, and litigation when problems arise. They strive for successful outcomes while defending the interests of their clients.  Intellectual property protection: By registering patents, trademarks, and copyrights and enforcing these rights when infringements take place, business attorneys assist firms in protecting their intellectual property rights.  Assurance of regulatory compliance: They keep companies informed of pertinent rules and regulations, ensuring that they operate within the law and steer clear of any legal complications.  Business Lawyer Responsibilities  Business attorneys have a variety of obligations in addition to their core employment functions. These consist of:  Client representation: Business attorneys act as their clients’ legal advocates, offering advice and defending their rights in court.  Research and analysis: To make sure their clients are well-informed and able to make wise legal judgments, they do in-depth research and analysis on the legal problems that concern them.  Risk assessment: Business attorneys evaluate possible legal risks and counsel their clients on appropriate risk-mitigation techniques. To get advantageous terms and safeguard their interests during commercial law and contractual agreements, they negotiate on behalf of their clients.   Legal documentation: To guarantee accuracy, legality, and compliance with applicable laws, business attorneys draft and evaluate legal papers such as contracts, agreements, policies, and licenses.  Collaboration: To offer thorough legal advice and support, business attorneys frequently collaborate closely with other experts, including accountants, financial consultants, and management teams.  Business Lawyer Job Description Example  Here is an example of a business lawyer job description that outlines the key responsibilities and requirements: Job Title: Business Lawyer Job Location: [City], [State], India  We are looking for a highly qualified corporate attorney to join our legal team. You will be in charge of giving our clients sound legal counsel as a company attorney. You’ll help with contract preparation and negotiation, make sure the law is followed, and deal with any legal issues that influence how our firm is run. You will also assist in settling conflicts, defending intellectual property rights, and assisting our company operations. Responsibilities:  Provide legal advice and support to clients on various business matters.  Draft, review, and negotiate contracts, agreements, and legal documents.  Conduct due diligence and legal research for business transactions.  Represent clients in negotiations, mediation, and litigation.  Assist in intellectual property protection and enforcement.  Ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.  Advise on corporate governance and regulatory compliance.  Collaborate with internal and external stakeholders, including management, accountants, and advisors.  Stay updated on legal developments and industry trends.  Requirements:  Bachelor’s degree in Law from a recognized university.  Minimum [X] years of experience as a business lawyer or in a related field.  Excellent knowledge of business laws, contracts, and intellectual property.  Strong analytical, research, and problem-solving skills.  Exceptional written and verbal communication abilities.  Ability to work independently and handle multiple tasks simultaneously.  Proven negotiation and dispute-resolution skills.  Membership in the Bar Council of [State] is required.  Business Lawyer Requirements  To become a business lawyer in India, certain requirements must be met. These generally include:  Education: To become a lawyer, you must have a bachelor’s degree in law (LLB) from an accredited university. To further their knowledge and competence, some people could decide to pursue a Master of Laws (LLM) or specialized corporate law courses.  Bar Council registration: To practice law, a person must be registered with the State Bar Council. Passing the Bar Council Examination and other qualifying requirements established by the relevant State Bar Council are requirements for registration.  Experience is not a must for becoming a business lawyer, although it can be helpful to earn it through internships, clerkships, or employment at best law firms. It aids in the development of the abilities and expertise needed in the industry.  Specialization: Corporate law, intellectual property law, employment law, mergers and acquisitions, and taxes are among more areas in which business attorneys may choose to specialize. Specialization can enhance career prospects and attract clients seeking specific legal expertise.  Business Lawyer Salary & Outlook  Various elements, including experience, specialty, geographic location, and the size of the company or organization, might affect a business lawyer’s income in India. Business lawyers in India make an average yearly income between INR 5.9 LPA and INR 22 LPA, according to industry statistics, with senior-level attorneys making more money. The outlook for business lawyers in India is promising. As the economy continues to grow, businesses require legal support to navigate complex regulatory frameworks, expand operations, and protect their interests. This demand for legal expertise creates opportunities for business lawyers to work in law firms, corporate legal departments, or start their practices.  Explore our Popular Law Courses LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from Jindal Law School Business Lawyer Skills  There are some abilities and traits that are necessary to thrive as a business lawyer. These consist of:  Legal expertise: It’s essential to have an in-depth understanding of contracts, corporate governance, intellectual property, and other pertinent areas of law as well as company legislation.  Strong analytical abilities are necessary for business attorneys to recognize legal challenges, evaluate risks, and create winning legal strategies.  Communication abilities: To create legal papers, negotiate contracts, and effectively represent clients, one must have excellent written and spoken communication abilities.  Business attorneys routinely negotiate, which calls on the ability to represent their client’s interests, identify common ground, and come to amicable settlements.  Paying close attention to details is essential to ensuring the correctness of legal papers, contracts, and compliance-related issues.  Problem-solving: To assess complicated legal challenges, find answers, and provide clients with useful advice, business attorneys require good problem-solving abilities.  Ethics and integrity: It is essential for a business lawyer to uphold the highest ethical standards and to protect client privacy.  Business Lawyer Work Environment  Business attorneys work in different conditions, including law offices, corporate legitimate divisions, government organizations, and counseling firms. The workplace can go from little shop firms to enormous worldwide partnerships. Business legal advisors frequently work extended periods, particularly during basic exchanges or suits. They work together with a different scope of experts, including individual legal counselors, paralegals, bookkeepers, chiefs, and clients. Contingent upon the idea of the work, business legal counselors might have to go to meet clients, go to trials, or partake in business discussions. Conclusion  By providing legal advice, drafting contracts, resolving disputes, and ensuring compliance, business lawyers contribute to the smooth operations and growth of businesses across various industries. The demand for business lawyers is expected to continue to rise, offering promising career opportunities in India’s evolving business landscape.  Whether you’re a student, working professional, or aspirant leader, UpGrad has a wide range of courses accessible. Don’t miss the chance to sharpen your interpersonal and problem-solving abilities while establishing connections. To start the process of learning interpersonal communication, visit UpGrad right away. 

The legal framework that controls the creation, administration, and dissolution of corporations or companies is known as corporate law. It includes the laws and ordinances governing corporate bodies’ formation and administration and the interactions between various stakeholders, including shareholders, directors, officers, and employees. In this article, we will discuss corporate law subjects and syllabi offered by UpGrad. About Corporate Law Courses In this section of the article, we will discuss corporate law courses which include various legal issues: Corporate law controls all aspects of incorporation, such as the requirements for registration, the creation of the articles of incorporation, and the distribution of shares. Corporate governance refers to the laws and customs that govern how a corporation is run and governed. This includes the obligations and mandates of directors and executives, the entitlements of shareholders, and the protocols for decision-making and ensuring accountability. Regulations about the issue and trading of securities (stocks and bonds) on public markets are under corporate law. It guarantees the honest and open disclosure of information to investors and avoids dishonest tactics. Acquisitions are the procedure for acquiring or merging with other companies which are governed by corporate law. It entails contract negotiation and drafting, regulatory approvals, due diligence, and financial and corporate restructuring difficulties. It comprises corporate finance. This area of corporate law is concerned with the laws and procedures governing capital acquisition through issuing shares, borrowing money, and creating various instruments. The areas encompassed in this are banking, securities provision, loan application procedures, and monitoring of financial institutions and exchanges. According to corporate law, businesses are required to abide by several legal and regulatory requirements, such as consumer protection laws, labor laws, environmental laws, and tax laws. Punishments, fines, or legal repercussions may result from non-compliance. When disagreements occur within a corporation or between several stakeholders, corporate law determines how these disagreements can resolve. Resolving the issue may require legal proceedings or alternative methods such as arbitration or mediation.  The application of corporate law can differ significantly depending on the influence of regional, state, and national statutes and policies. Corporate law is based on statutory requirements, with case law and corporate governance regulations serving as supplements. Key Aspects of Corporate Law Courses Coursework: The corporate law syllabus addresses a broad range of subjects, including corporate governance, business transactions, and legal compliance. Company law, securities law, mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance, corporate governance, and corporate litigation are possible course topics. Legal Framework: Courses explore the statute provisions, case law, and regulatory principles that make up the legal framework that governs corporations. Students gain knowledge of pertinent laws and rules that affect businesses and how they operate. Practical Applications: The corporate law course frequently includes practical components that provide students the chance to analyze real-world case studies, participate in role-playing or drafting exercises, and hone their critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. This hands-on approach enables students to comprehend how business law ideas are used in real-world situations. Learn Law Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn an LLM Degree to fast-track your career. About Corporate Law Courses Curriculum Depending on the institution and the program, there may be differences in the business law course curriculum. But the areas and topics that are frequently discussed in corporate law subjects are as follows: Introduction to Corporate Law: A summary of the core ideas, theories, and concepts in corporate law, including the rules that apply to businesses and the people who own them. Company law: Itis the study of the legal issues involved in creating, structuring, and administrating corporations. It covers the corporate personality, different sorts of businesses, the incorporation procedure, bylaws, and corporate governance. Corporate governance: It studies the systems, procedures, and controls that guarantee efficient management and oversight of organizations. This covers executive salary, shareholder rights, the board of directors’ duties, and the boardroom dynamics, among other things. Securities Regulations: It studies the legal framework governing securities issuing, selling, and regulation. It covers securities offers, disclosure rules, insider trading, shareholder voting, and the function of regulatory agencies. Mergers & Acquisition: Analysis of the legal and regulatory elements of business transactions, such as mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, and divestitures, is called “mergers and acquisitions.” This covers the following: due diligence, contract negotiation and drafting, antitrust implications, and post-merger integration Corporate Finance: Examining the legal ramifications of capital structure and financing of corporations, covering issues like equity offers, debt financing, venture capital, private equity, corporate restructurings, and bankruptcy law. An in-depth look at the different subjects of the Corporate Law Course In this section of the article, we will discuss different subjects of the corporate law courses. Moreover, students can now pursue LL.M in Corporate & Financial Law from JGU to upskill and upgrade their careers. Given below table will help you comprehend the corporate law subject list: Subjects Details Corporate Incorporation & Management This article covers the corporate procedures required for a business’ incorporation and administration. The following are some of the main ideas it covers:  Meeting types The process for scheduling meetings Independent directors’ accountability Finance Committee Declaration of Incorporation Resolutions of the Company and its Types Oppression Management, and investigation It covers topics that instruct students on how to stop prejudice and ineffective leadership in the workplace. Its primary topics include the following: Avoiding poor management Responsibilities and authority of the federal government The Company Law Board’s functions and authority Oppression Prevention Corporate Research Corporate Liquidation It addresses the theories underlying a company’s dissolution and the associated regulations. The important topics include: Choosing to wind up Contributors Compulsory Winding Up in accordance with the Order of the Tribunal Court Fulfillment of Obligations Closing of businesses Corporate Governance & Social Responsibility It covers topics like corporate governance and what companies owe to society and the environment. Some of the major topics discussed in this subject include the following: Corporate Governance Is Important Corporation for Social and Environmental Responsibility Reports on corporate governance from several committees Alternative Corporate Governance System As per the specialization offered in the corporate law course, given below are the details of the subject: Specializations Curriculum Details LLM in Corporate Law Principles of Taxation, Corporate Governance, Comparative Public law, Investment law, Regulatory Economics, Law and Finance, Law and justice in a globalizing world, Research Methodology, Corporate Reconstruction, Securities & Finance Markets, Competition Law Dissertation LLM in Corporate and Commerical Law Comparative Public Law, Business law, International Trade Law, and Research methodology Law and Justice in a Globalising World: Optional Paper=I, Optional Paper II, Bankruptcy Law, Competition/Investment Law, and Dissertation LLM in Corporate & Securities Law Justice and Law in a Globalising World, Legal writing and research techniques, Comparative Contract Law (CCL-I), Comparative Corporate Law (CCL-II), and Comparative Public Law / Systems of Governance Comparative Intellectual Property Law & Electives LLM in Corporate & Business Law Law and Justice in a Globalising World, Comparative Public Law / Systems of Governance, Research Methods and Legal Writing Corporate law, insurance law, investment law, competition law, securities law, advanced contracts Extra Subjects Covered in Corporate Law Courses Given below table will discuss extra subjects covered in the legal studies syllabus: Extra Subject Details Banking Law It offers information on Indian banks and a summary of banking law. The evolving trends in banking laws, the changing responsibilities of banks in India, the role of the RBI, and negotiation and endorsement. Consumer Protection Act The Consumer Protection Act of 2002 is introduced. It details dispute resolution organizations, the process for submitting consumer complaints, etc. Corporate Finance Law Corporate entities, SEBI standards, the Depositories Act of 1996, mutual funds, foreign investment, and book building are introduced in corporate finance law. IT Act Through this topic, students are given an introduction to cyber laws, e-commerce, and e-governance, cyber offenses, cyber jurisprudence, cybercrimes, etc. Labour Law An introduction to labor law, wage legislation, case law, appeals, revisions, social security, and laws about certain industries. Explore our Popular Law Courses LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from Jindal Law School Future Scope of Corporate Law Degree Holders Graduates with a business law degree have many professional options and a bright future. Those with a corporate law degree may find employment in the following fields and career paths: Many graduates with a degree in corporate law go on to work in corporate law-specific law firms. Associates can handle various aspects of business transactions such as contract drafting, due diligence, mergers and acquisitions, corporate governance, and compliance issues. Large firms, financial institutions, and international businesses frequently have in-house legal departments. Holders of a corporate law degree might work as legal counsel or advisers, offering legal advice on various business concerns, such as contracts, regulatory compliance, corporate governance, and transactional matters. Corporate law graduates can work on the legal facets of capital raising, securities offerings, financial regulations, and compliance issues in investment banks and financial institutions. Additionally, they might negotiate and structure intricate financial agreements. Graduates can work for regulatory or governmental organizations that monitor business operations and enforce securities rules. They can serve as regulators, policy advisors, or legal counsel, guaranteeing adherence to business regulations and fostering fair and open markets. Graduates of corporate law programs frequently have a solid grasp of both commercial and legal issues. They can use their expertise to launch their own law firms or consulting companies and offer startups, small enterprises, and entrepreneurs legal and business advising services. How Long Does It Take to Get a Corporate Law Degree? To become a corporate lawyer, you must pursue BA LL. B for five years from a renowned institution as a graduate course. The candidate can get their corporate law degree after completing their course in 2 to 3 years. Moreover, individuals having a Bachelor’s degree in a different subject area may decide to pursue a Master of Law (LLM) degree with a corporate law specialization. The average length of an LLM program is one year. Conclusion This above article is quite helpful in understanding the company law syllabus in-depth and specialization which you can choose as per your interest. Moreover, the above-prescribed syllabus and subjects will help you prepare for your LLM entrance exam syllabus and to get admission to your preferred university. To enhance your expertise and practical knowledge, you can opt for LL.M. in International Business & Finance Laws from GGU.

Master of Legislative Law, which is commonly known as LLM, is a postgraduate degree program. LLM is a highly valued qualification that is pursued by law graduates to specialize their careers in a particular law subject. This is a 2 year postgraduate course.You can pursue a high end course via LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law from JGU. LLM Courses After accomplishing a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from an established Law school, college, or university one can pursue an LLM degree.  A number of entrance exams are conducted in India to pursue a LLM degree. These exams are conducted to assess the aptitude, legal concepts, analytical skills, research abilities, legal reasoning skills of a student. Various LLM entrance exams are CUET DU LLM, LAT PG, AILET, LSAT, TS PGECET, AP POLYCET, etc.This LLM course offers in-depth knowledge about specific topics of the law sector with academic and practical legal practices.  The LLM syllabus varies based on LLM specialization subjects. While pursuing this degree the students get to know about different areas of fundamental law including Law and Technology, crimes, judicial Processes, commercialization of IP, licensing, etc, and specialize in a specific field like Corporate Law, Criminal Law, LLM Maritime Law, etc.  Read the article to get a clear idea about the LLM subjects, LLM Syllabus, LLM subject list, future scope of LLM, LLM degree, etc. Learn Law Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn an LLM Degree to fast-track your career. LLM Courses Curriculum The syllabus of LLM courses varies from college to college. The 2 years of LLM course is categorized into 4 semesters. The syllabus of the course comprises a large number of subjects in which various laws are practiced and some important professional skills are taught. The first semester of the LLM course is common for all. In this semester the students are trained in administration laws, several fundamental laws, and research methodologies.  After that specialization subjects are included in the syllabus. In the second semester syllabus, basic knowledge about the preferred specialization subjects is included. In the third and fourth-semester syllabus specialization subjects are taught thoroughly including dissertation and viva voce. In the final semester, students also perform various research works, practical training, and internships.  Some major modules of the LLM syllabus include Core Subjects Elective Subjects Research Methods Internship Training  Dissertation Viva Voce Seminars Workshops An in-depth look at the different subjects of the LLM Course Every student must choose a specific law stream to get specialized in that field. In the second, third, and fourth semesters syllabus varies according to their preferred specialization. Every specialization consists of different topics. The main Specialization subjects are listed below in the table. LLM Business Law LLM Human Rights LLM Constitutional Law LLM International Trade Law LLM Criminal Law LLM Corporate Law LLM Family Law LLM Labour Law LLM Intellectual Property Rights LLM Taxation Law LLM Environmental Law LLM Maritime Law   LLM Business Law: This law includes: Law and Social Transformation in India Judicial Process Law of Industrial and Intellectual Property Business Law Insurance Law Legal Regulation of Economic Enterprises, Law Relating to Regulatory Authorities Law Relating to Regulatory Authorities   Commercial Arbitration Alternate Dispute Resolution & Securities Law LLM Constitutional Law: This law focuses on: Law and Social Transformation in India Constitutionalism: Pluralism & Federalism Indian Constitutional Law- The New Challenges National Security, Public Order and Rule of Law Judicial Process Administrative Law Administrative Process and Judicial Control LLM Criminal Law: This law covers: Theories of Law Research Methodology Banking Law Corporate Jurisprudence Legal Concepts Legislative Process Corporate Law Life and Fire Insurance Consumer Law LLM Family Law: This law focuses on: Family Law I – System Scope Sources and Schools Family Law II – Marriage and Matrimonial Remedies Comparative Public Law Law and Justice in Globalizing World Legal English and Research Methodology Foreign Business Language LLM Intellectual Property Rights: This law includes: Overview of Intellectual Property Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity Commercialization of IP & Licensing Plant Breeder’s Rights Copyright and Design Law Advanced IP Issues International & Comparative IP Law Research Project LLM Environmental Law: This law comprises: Nature and Scope of Environmental Law Protection of the Environment under the Indian Constitution Protection of Water, Air, and Environment in India International Law and Environmental Protection Environmental Protection and General Civil and Criminal Laws Emerging Issues in Environmental Law LLM Human Rights: This law covers: Concept & Classification of Rights Concept of Human Rights Concept of Human Duties Dialectics of Human Rights Emerging Concept of Human Rights Human Duties, Responsibilities & Effectuation International Obligation Human Rights & Criminal Justice Jurisprudence & Human Rights: Lego Philosophical perspectives Constitutional Governance of Human Rights in India Refugee Law LLM International Trade Law: This law includes: Introduction International Trade Law Law and Practice in International Banking and Commercial Payments World Trade Law Marine Insurance LLM Corporate Law: This law focuses on: Financial Models and Derivatives in a Legal Context Corporate Social Responsibilities and the Law European Procurement Law Banking and Finance Law LLM Labour Law: This law includes: Law Relating to Industrial Relations Law Relating to Social Security & Safety Measures. Comparative Public Law Law relating to Trade Unions, Labor Welfare LLM Taxation Law: This law covers: General Principles of Taxation Indirect Tax laws International Taxation Direct Tax Laws LLM Maritime Law: This law includes: Maritime Laws and Practices Maritime safety and security Maritime Insurance policies and practices Maritime Jurisdictions What is the future scope of LLM degree holders? After completing the LLM course there are ample opportunities opened in different fields to advance their legal careers. They can choose various career paths including higher studies, research, jobs in government organizations, non-profit organizations, corporations, private law firms, etc. Some detailed overviews of the future scope of LLM degree holders are described below. Higher Studies: After completion of the LLM course a student can pursue MPhil or Ph.D. in law. The doctor of law is also known as LLD. The admission to the LLD program is based on different entrance exams such as CLAT, AILET,LSAT etc.  It is a research-related study that makes them specialized and highly knowledgeable in a specific area. Advocates: In this field, one must do a lot of research work to collect factual data and evidence to claim their defense in the courtroom. Some Other responsibilities of an advocate include dealing with legal issues, scrutinizing, and drafting contracts. District and Sessions Judge:  One can be a district and session judge with more than 10 years of experience in this legal field. A judge listens to all the discussions of the case and finalizes the verdict.  Notary: One can be eligible for this notary position with a minimum of 10 years of experience. They are experienced lawyers who verify, authenticate, and certify all legal documents. They also act as translators to translate documents from one language to another, record evidence in civil or criminal trials and also act as arbitrators, mediators Solicitor: They are specialized lawyers in the field of family, property, tax, etc, and give legal advice to law firms as well as private clients. They also instruct other advocates and represent clients to defense cases. Teacher or Lecturer: After completing the LLM postgraduation course students can also build their career in the teaching field. They educate and give training to law students. This profession plays an important role in building a career for a law student. Experienced teachers give practical training, and teach various academic subjects, the importance of the judicial system to the students. Court Reporter: The court reporter attends all the hearings of some important court cases to cover the story of that case. The reporters also give interviews about a specific case. They mainly transcribe all the speeches from court proceedings. Explore our Popular Law Courses LL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law - Jindal Law School LL.M. in Dispute Resolution from Jindal Law School How long does it take to get an LLM degree? Many universities offer this LLM course as a one-year or two-year course. Generally, it is a two-year course with four semesters. The students must qualify for all the subjects of these two semesters and finally, they have to submit a dissertation in the final semester to achieve the LLM degree. Conclusion An overview of the LLM course structure, its specializations, and future scope are described here. The LLM course offers vast knowledge and great experience to students to build their careers in the legal field. If you wish to enhance your knowledge and expertise, head over to LL.M. in International Business & Finance Laws from GGU.