What is an Operating System?

An operating system is a software that, once a boot program has been initialized, controls and oversees the different installed applications in a computer system.

Having spent over ten years working in the computer sector, I can't emphasize how crucial it is to comprehend the concept of operating system.

Think of a circumstance where your computer does not contain an operating system software. Will it be possible for you to transfer and manage files easily? Well, I imagine it won’t.

Additionally, an OS is responsible for controlling and directing all the functionalities in your computer system. You can directly and quickly communicate with the operating system by incorporating a graphical user interface (GUI) or command-line interface (CLI).

To give you a thorough understanding of ‘what is operating system’, I have put together this guide. Keep reading!

What is an Operating System?

An operating system is software that is installed in a computer system to manage the resources and operation operations of a computer. It is one of the most crucial software that looks after the system’s memory, processes as well as computer hardware.

You may also use an operating system to communicate with the other parts of a computer system as the OS software is programmed in such a way that speaks the computer language. Your computer system cannot function without an operating system.

With this OS tutorial, I am going to provide you with a detailed introduction to operating system so that you get a good grasp of the topic.

An operating system is a comprehensive set of dedicated programs that govern and control each component of a computer’s operation. All additional programs that are set up on the computer system, particularly application programs are handled and monitored by the OS software.

Functions of Operating System

Now that you are familiar with ‘what is operating system’, let me walk you through the major functions of an operating system.

Allow me to explain the major functions of OS with this real-time operating system tutorial:

• Memory management: You can use your operating system software to allocate and deallocate the main memory as per the requirements of the various tasks at hand. The OS ensures that you are able to run multiple programs simultaneously in the main memory without any hassle.

• Device and files management: Operating system basics are to manage and regulate the various files contained in the system. Additionally, it is also the duty of the OS to look after the connections and communications of the device with various other output and input devices.

• Storage management: The OS is in charge of coordinating the storage and retrieval of data and files. Also, it maximizes the effectiveness of various storage mediums and ensures data integrity.

• Ethical hacking: A basic introduction to operating systems for ethical hacking is imperative if you want to start out in this field. Many OS options are used for ethical hacking. These systems are built to prioritize security testing, vulnerability assessment, and penetration testing. OS like Kali Linux, Parrot Security OS, and ArchStrike are pre-equipped with necessary tools, making them top picks for security experts and penetration testers.

• Job accounting: The OS software supervises the system operations, such as consumption of resources, potential defects, and storage consumption. It constantly monitors performance indicators in order to ensure an effective operational process.
  

Why Use an Operating System?

In this operating system tutorial, I’ll explain to you ‘what is operating system’ is and why you need to have one on your computer. An operating system offers numerous benefits as I have experienced throughout these years.

They accelerate the process of software development and also allow you to access a broad range of hardware resources. You can perform various activities easily with the help of an operating system such as:

• Transferring network packets
• Displaying text output on a device
• Installing a link between computer applications and hardware and more
  

Types of Operating System

With my years of experience in this field, I can illustrate the various types of OS in a very easy manner for you to understand.

Let me explain to you the various types of OS with the help of this advanced operating system tutorial:

Batch operating system

In the case of a batch operating system, your OS does not directly communicate with the computer. There is an operator who combines and collects similar tasks and assignments having identical parameters and requirements. Hence, the operator batches (combines) them together to perform the intended task.

Time-sharing operating system

This type of OS is my favorite. The time-sharing operating system enables multiple users to share various computer resources and files at the same time without any hurdles. This means, this type of OS will permit you to attain the maximum usage of resources and also result in time savings. You can easily share multiple resources at the same time.

Distributed operating system

In the case of a distributed operating system, the software takes control of a unit of computer systems and controls it as if it is one single computer. These OS platforms are intended to operate on a computer network. They create a possibility for multiple users to connect and communicate with each other through the network and accessible shared resources.

Network operating system

The type of operating system that handles and controls various users, groups, data, safety protocols, applications, and other networking activities is known as a network OS. It has been designed to operate on a server.

Real-time operating system

In a real-time operating system, the OS supports real-time functionality and takes very little time to analyze and respond to data inputs. In this type of OS, you can input data and the system will promptly respond. Real-time OS is generally used in automation, embedded systems, and industrial automation networks that require immediate and dependable responses.

Multiprocessing operating system

The specialty of a multiprocessing operating system is that it can support multiple CPUs within one computer system. For the purpose of splitting and accelerating a particular assignment, numerous CPUs are linked together to produce quick and appropriate results.

Single-user operating system

Single-user OS is created to Support one user only at a given point of time. I generally incorporate a single-user operating system in the computer that I use for my work and not for corporate purposes. Very popular examples of this type of OS are Apple macOS and Microsoft Windows for desktops.

Multi-user operating system

Just in contrast with the previous type of OS, a multi-user operating system is created to accommodate multiple users at the same time simultaneously. Two major examples of this type of OS are Linux and Unix.

Embedded operating system

Embedded operating systems, as the name suggests are created to operate on devices, accommodating low resources such as wearables, mobile phones, home appliances, and so on Google Android and Apple iOS are two popular examples of this type of OS.

Cluster operating system

These operating systems have been created to run as a single unit on an assortment of computers linked together, also known as a cluster. Cluster OS is mainly required when applications seek high reliability and accessibility. The Rocks Cluster Distribution and OpenMPI are two popular examples of cluster operating systems.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Operating System

In my experience, the operating system has proven to be really helpful but it has certain drawbacks as well. Let me explain operating system and its fair share of pros and cons.

Advantages

Let's check out the benefits first:

• It makes sure that the computer hardware is used effectively and appropriately.

• An OS permits the simultaneous performance and deployment of multiple applications.

• It effectively organizes and manages multiple files and folders.

• It delivers a reliable interface for its users.

• An OS effectively monitors and handles the security aspects of a computer system.

• It takes care of the various computer resources.

• An effective OS sets a platform for software development.

• It adjusts and regulates the process and operation of printing.
  

Disadvantages

Let us have a look at the disadvantages as well:

• Setting up an operating system can be expensive. It can be too costly to purchase and maintain.

• Older people may find it difficult to use and complicated to learn.

• An OS may be vulnerable to threats from malicious and harmful attackers, aiming to gain unauthorized access to your computer system.
  

Popular Operating Systems

With this operating system full tutorial almost coming to an end, let me list out the most commonly used operating systems for your convenience.

• Windows: It is the most widely used desktop operating system software offering numerous features.

• macOS: This OS is only used in Apple desktop systems which is famous for its security features and having a clean interface.

• Android: It is the most famous operating system for mobile phones. It is popular for its open-source feature, compatibility, and connectivity with various other devices.

• Linux: This operating system software is open-source and can be downloaded for free. It can be altered to suit the users' requirements.

• iOS: It serves as the operating system for iPads and Apple mobile phones. It is renowned for having an intuitive UI and strong security requirements
  

Summing Up

Operating systems come in many varieties and forms. It all boils down to what you ultimately choose as per your needs in managing and working around important data files. With this significant amount of insight, I hereby wrap up this guide.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is an operating system?

An operating system is software that is installed in your computer to manage and control the various other applications, resources, and also the hardware of your computer system.

2. What are the primary functions of an operating system?

The primary function of the concept of operating system is to manage various folders and files that are contained in a computer system. It can be related to creating, opening, exiting, or changing any file or folder as per the needs of the user.

3. What are some examples of operating systems?

Some of the popularly used operating system examples are Microsoft Windows, Google Android OS, Apple MacOS, Linux, Unix, Apple iOS, etc.

4. How does an operating system manage memory?

The operating system permits the CPU to access the information to be analyzed and processed. Storing huge amounts of data in the memory enhances the usage of the CPU and also increases the computer's speed.

5. How does an operating system ensure file system management?

One of the major approaches of an OS to ensure file system management is to restrict and control file access. Hence, by regulating user permissions it allows only the permitted users to access certain specific data files.

6. What security features does an operating system provide?

The new generation operating systems contain extensive security features, such as firewalls, user authentication, authorization control, encryption, antivirus programs, intrusion detection applications, etc.

7. Can multiple operating systems coexist on the same computer?

By using a dual boot system, you can choose to install more than one operating system to boot up on one computer. Windows 11 with Linux dual booting is the most commonly used multi-boot combination.

8. How does an operating system facilitate communication between software applications and hardware components?

By employing OS drivers, the operating system of your computer communicates and creates a link between the hardware and software components. The drivers allow the operating system to interact with the hardware with the use of computer language.