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HTML Vs XML: Difference Between HTML and XML

Updated on 04 November, 2024

92.42K+ views
13 min read

Why do tech interviews often focus on HTML and XML? HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) powers almost every website you visit — over 96.4% of websites, including major platforms like Google, Facebook, and Amazon, use it to structure and display content. Meanwhile, XML (eXtensible Markup Language) operates in the background by handling data transfer across diverse fields. XML’s flexibility makes it invaluable in industries like finance, healthcare, and government, where structured and reliable data exchange is important. 

The difference between HTML and XML can give you an edge if you’re prepping for an interview, working on a web project, or just getting into tech. 

So, why are these two languages so important, and what makes each one unique?

Source

Quick Stats:

  • HTML’s Reach: Powering 96.4% of all websites, HTML is the go-to language for structuring content online.
  • XML’s Role: XML underpins 56% of financial systems for secure data exchange, and remains a top choice in sectors where accuracy and data integrity are non-negotiable.

Explore upGrad’s Free Software Development Courses – Perfect for beginners looking to start a tech journey.

What is HTML?

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create and structure content on the web. It's fundamental for web development, which allows developers to format text, add images, create links, and build the overall layout of web pages. HTML works seamlessly with CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity.

Key Concepts in HTML:

  • Elements: Core components of HTML that structure content, such as headings, paragraphs, and images.
  • Tags: Used to define elements within angle brackets (e.g., <h1><p>), where each tag indicates specific content formatting.
  • Attributes: Additional information for elements, like id or style, that refine the display and functionality of tags.

Here’s a basic HTML structure:

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>UpGrad Learning Portal</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1 style="color: #ff4500;">Welcome to UpGrad</h1>
    <p>UpGrad is a platform for advanced learning in technology and business.</p>
    <a href="https://www.upgrad.com">Visit UpGrad</a>
</body>
</html>

This code creates a simple webpage with a title, a styled header, a paragraph, and a link to UpGrad’s site.

HTML Features:

  • User-Friendly Language: HTML’s simple tags make it easy for developers to structure content.
  • Multimedia SupportHTML supports embedding multimedia like videos and images. Tags such as <video><audio><img>, and <figure> allow seamless media integration.
  • SEO Optimization: HTML’s organized structure allows search engines to crawl and index content effectively. Tags like <title> and <meta> improve search visibility.
  • Basic Game Development: HTML can be used for simple 2D games using the <canvas> tag, often paired with CSS and JavaScript.
  • Cross-Platform Compatibility: HTML pages display consistently across different operating systems and devices, making it highly versatile.

What is XML?

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a flexible language for storing, transferring, and structuring data across different platforms. Unlike HTML, XML is data-focused rather than presentation-focused, which makes it perfect for exchanging structured information in various applications, including APIs, configuration files, and data feeds.

Key Concepts in XML:

  • User-Defined Tags: XML allows developers to create custom tags, making it adaptable to unique data requirements in diverse applications.
  • Well-Formed Structure: XML documents follow strict syntax rules to ensure that they’re “well-formed,” meaning that tags must be properly nested and closed.
  • Data-Centric Design: XML is primarily for data management rather than displaying information, making it ideal for industries that rely on secure and consistent data transfer.

Here’s a simple XML example:

xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<upgrad_courses>
    <course>
        <name>Data Science</name>
        <provider>UpGrad</provider>
        <duration>12 months</duration>
    </course>
    <course>
        <name>Machine Learning</name>
        <provider>UpGrad</provider>
        <duration>9 months</duration>
    </course>
</upgrad_courses>

This XML snippet represents a list of UpGrad courses, which makes it easy to share or process applications that need structured course information.

XML Features:

  • Plain Text Storage: XML uses plain text, enabling compatibility across different platforms, and simplifying data exchange.
  • Independent Data Handling: Data can be stored separately from HTML, allowing developers to manage content without altering the front-end structure.
  • Validation: XML documents can be validated using DTDs (Document Type Definitions) or XML Schemas to ensure they follow specific structural rules, reducing errors.
  • Seamless Data Interchange: XML’s compatibility with diverse platforms makes it ideal for applications where data portability, like updates across systems, is essential.

 


Key Differences Between HTML and XML

HTML and XML serve different purposes in web development and data handling. Here’s a breakdown of the main HTML and XML differences:

Feature

HTML

XML

Primary Purpose

HTML is designed to structure and display content on web browsers. It integrates with CSS and JavaScript to support interactive features.

XML is built for data storage and transfer. It keeps data separate from presentation, making it adaptable across various systems.

Tag Structure

HTML relies on predefined tags like <p><div>, and <img>, each serving specific content functions. This setup helps create a consistent and visually organized layout.

XML allows custom, user-defined tags, providing high flexibility for different data types. XML tags describe the data itself rather than how it’s displayed.

Error Handling

HTML is flexible with errors. Browsers often display content even if syntax errors, like missing closing tags, are present. This leniency makes HTML less strict but more forgiving.

XML requires strict syntax. All tags must be correctly nested and closed; even minor errors can prevent processing. This precision ensures data integrity, which is crucial in XML applications.

Data Handling

HTML focuses on presenting content visually and does not handle data storage or transport. It’s designed for display, not data exchange.

XML stores and organizes data as structured text, independent of visual formatting. It’s commonly used in APIs and data exchanges, where accurate data transport is essential.

Syntax and Case Sensitivity

HTML is case-insensitive, meaning tags can be written in uppercase or lowercase, and some closing tags are optional.

XML is case-sensitive, requiring consistent use of lowercase for all tags and attributes. XML’s strict syntax rules ensure consistency across different applications.

Structure of HTML vs XML

HTML and XML have distinct structures, each designed for different purposes. HTML’s structure is optimized for displaying web content, using a fixed set of tags to create headings, images, and links. XML, in contrast, is a flexible data exchange language with custom tags that adapt to a wide range of applications.

HTML Structure:

  • Purpose: HTML organizes and displays web content visually on browsers.
  • Tags and Attributes: HTML uses predefined tags, such as <h1><p>, and <img>, with specific functions for text formatting and media embedding. Attributes like alignsrc, and href add extra detail to tags.
  • Page Connectivity: Every HTML page can link to others using hyperlinks, creating the interconnected structure of the web.
  • Example HTML Structure:

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>UpGrad Product Page</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to UpGrad</h1>
    <p>Explore our latest courses in Data Science, AI, and Business Management.</p>
    <img src="upgrad_logo.png" alt="UpGrad Logo">
</body>
</html>

In this example, HTML organizes content using headings, paragraphs, and images. Tags are wrapped in angle brackets; each tag has a closing counterpart, denoting the end of an element.

XML Structure:

  • Purpose: XML is used to store and transport data, not to display it. It’s commonly used for structured data representation across systems.
  • Custom Tags: XML allows user-defined tags, which makes it highly adaptable. Tags are based on data needs, such as <product><name><price>, and <description>.
  • Data Interchange: XML’s structured format enables it to act as a standard for data sharing across applications and systems. This is why XML is popular in configurations for .NET, RSS feeds, and Office documents.

Must Read: 10 Exciting HTML Project Ideas for Beginners – Practical and fun ways to build skills.

Example XML Structure:

xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<products>
    <product>
        <name>Data Science Course</name>
        <price>$1200</price>
        <description>A comprehensive course covering Python, Machine Learning, and AI.</description>
    </product>
    <product>
        <name>Business Management</name>
        <price>$800</price>
        <description>Develop key business skills with this in-depth management course.</description>
    </product>
</products>

This XML file organizes product data into custom tags. Each product is nested within the <products> tag, making it easy to store, access, and transport structured information.

Syntax Rules of HTML and XML

HTML and XML follow different syntax rules, each tailored to their functions. HTML is flexible and forgiving, while XML requires strict adherence to syntax for consistency and reliability in data handling.

HTML Syntax:

  • Flexibility: HTML is case-insensitive; tags can be in uppercase or lowercase. Closing tags are optional for some elements, such as <img> or <br>.
  • Error Tolerance: HTML can still render content if minor errors are present. Browsers can ignore certain mistakes, making HTML forgiving.
  • Example:

html

<p align="center">Welcome to UpGrad!</p>
<img src="upgrad_logo.png">

This example shows HTML’s flexibility, with <p> aligning text and <img> displaying an image without a closing tag.

XML Syntax:

  • Strictness: XML is case-sensitive; tags must match precisely in case and syntax. Closing tags are mandatory for every element.
  • Error Handling: XML requires error-free syntax. If there’s an error, XML documents won’t process, ensuring data consistency.
  • Example:

xml

<course>
    <title>Data Science</title>
    <duration>12 months</duration>
</course>

In XML, each opening tag must have a corresponding closing tag (</title>), making it precise and dependable for data storage and sharing.

Use Cases: When to Use HTML and When to Use XML

HTML Use CasesHTML is ideal for web content that users will interact with directly. It’s widely used in creating structured, visually engaging, and interactive web pages.

Industry Applications for HTML 

1. E-commerce:

  • Example: Building product pages with descriptions, images, and “Add to Cart” buttons.
  • Purpose: HTML structures the product layout, while CSS adds styling, and JavaScript handles interactive features like “Add to Wishlist.”
html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Online Store</title>
    <style>
        .product { text-align: center; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="product">
        <h1>Smartphone</h1>
        <img src="smartphone.jpg" alt="Smartphone">
        <p>Latest model with advanced features.</p>
        <button onclick="addToCart()">Add to Cart</button>
    </div>
    <script>
        function addToCart() {
            alert("Product added to cart!");
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

2. Media & Entertainment:

  • Example: HTML structures video streaming sites like YouTube, displaying videos, user comments, and related recommendations.
  • Purpose: HTML organizes the video player, description, and comments section, while JavaScript manages the player controls and user interactions.

3. Education:

  • Example: Online learning platforms use HTML for course pages with modules, videos, and assessments.
  • Purpose: HTML creates an intuitive structure for content layout, making it easy for students to navigate course materials.

4. Blog or News Article Layout

  • Example: News websites like BBC and blogs use HTML to format articles with titles, sections, images, and embedded videos.
  • Purpose: HTML makes articles readable and visually appealing, providing an intuitive layout that’s easy for readers to navigate.

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Data Science Trends 2023</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Top Data Science Trends in 2023</h1>
    <p>Data Science continues to grow, with trends like AI and machine learning leading the way.</p>
    <img src="datascience.jpg" alt="Data Science Image">
    <h2>1. Increased AI Integration</h2>
    <p>AI is becoming integral in various industries, from healthcare to finance.</p>
    <h2>2. Edge Computing</h2>
    <p>Data processing closer to the data source improves response times and saves bandwidth.</p>
</body>
</html>

5. Restaurant Menu Page

  • Example: Restaurant websites use HTML to display menu categories (e.g., Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner) with each item’s description and price.
  • Purpose: HTML structures menu items in an organized format, making it simple for visitors to explore meal options and pricing.

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Menu - The Cozy Cafe</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>The Cozy Cafe</h1>
    <h2>Breakfast</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Avocado Toast - $8.00</li>
        <li>Pancakes - $6.00</li>
    </ul>
    <h2>Lunch</h2>
    <ul>
        <li>Grilled Cheese - $7.00</li>
        <li>Caesar Salad - $9.00</li>
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

When to Use HTML:

  • Web Pages and Websites: HTML is the backbone of all website structures.
  • Web Forms: HTML forms collect user input in registration, login, and checkout pages.
  • Email Templates: HTML is used for creating structured email templates for marketing campaigns.

XML Use Cases: XML is essential for data that needs to be structured, stored, and transported between applications. It’s widely used in industries that prioritize data integrity and compatibility.

Industry Applications for XML

1. Banking and Finance:

  • Example: XML structures transaction records for secure, standardized data transfer between banks.
  • Purpose: XML keeps data consistent and error-free, ensuring that records are properly formatted across financial institutions.

xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<transaction>
    <sender>John Doe</sender>
    <receiver>Acme Bank</receiver>
    <amount>5000</amount>
    <currency>USD</currency>
    <date>2023-05-15</date>
</transaction>

2. Healthcare:

  • Example: XML structures electronic health records (EHR) with patient data, diagnoses, and treatment plans.
  • Purpose: XML ensures secure, standardized data that can be shared across healthcare providers.

xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<patientRecord>
    <patient>
        <name>Jane Smith</name>
        <dob>1985-02-20</dob>
        <diagnosis>Diabetes</diagnosis>
        <treatment>Insulin Therapy</treatment>
    </patient>
</patientRecord>

3. Government and Compliance Reporting:

  • Example: Governments use XML to structure tax data, allowing secure, consistent data submission from citizens and businesses.
  • Purpose: XML’s strict format supports data verification and compliance, reducing errors in large-scale data submissions.

4. Content Syndication (RSS Feeds):

  • Example: News sites use XML to structure RSS feeds, delivering article titles, summaries, and links to subscribers.
  • Purpose: XML in RSS feeds enables readers to receive updates, with each news item structured in tags like <title><description>, and <link>.

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<rss version="2.0">
    <channel>
        <title>UpGrad News</title>
        <link>https://www.upgrad.com/rss</link>
        <description>Latest updates from UpGrad</description>
        <item>
            <title>New Data Science Program Launched</title>
            <link>https://www.upgrad.com/news/data-science-launch</link>
            <description>UpGrad launches an advanced Data Science program.</description>
        </item>
    </channel>
</rss>

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When to Use XML:

  • Configuration Files: XML stores app settings in systems like Microsoft .NET, making it easy to define parameters.
  • Data Interchange: XML structures and transports data across systems, ensuring compatibility and security.
  • Document Storage: XML in .docx.xlsx, and .pptx file formats supports structured storage in Microsoft Office.

How to Use HTML and XML Together

HTML and XML can be combined to build data-driven, dynamic websites. HTML structures the visual content, while XML supplies the data, allowing for seamless integration and enhanced functionality.

  • Embedding XML in HTML with JavaScript

Here’s an example that integrates XML data directly into an HTML page to display dynamic product prices. JavaScript parses the XML and updates the HTML.

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Product Prices</title>
    <script type="text/xml">
        <products>
            <product>
                <name>Laptop</name>
                <price>1000</price>
            </product>
            <product>
                <name>Tablet</name>
                <price>500</price>
            </product>
        </products>
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Available Products</h1>
    <div id="productList"></div>
    
    <script>
        var xml = document.querySelector('script[type="text/xml"]').textContent;
        var parser = new DOMParser();
        var doc = parser.parseFromString(xml, "text/xml");
        var productList = document.getElementById('productList');
        var products = doc.getElementsByTagName('product');
        
        for (var i = 0; i < products.length; i++) {
            var name = products[i].getElementsByTagName('name')[0].textContent;
            var price = products[i].getElementsByTagName('price')[0].textContent;
            productList.innerHTML += `<p><strong>${name}</strong>: $${price}</p>`;
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  1. XML data is embedded in the HTML document within a <script> tag of type text/xml.
  2. JavaScript parses the XML and extracts product details.
  3. The data is displayed dynamically on the webpage, demonstrating a common use case for XML-HTML integration.
  • Embedding HTML in XML with CDATA

When you need to include HTML content within XML, you can use CDATA sections to store HTML as plain text without it being parsed as XML.

xml

<blogPost>
    <title>Integrating HTML and XML</title>
    <content><![CDATA[
        <h1>Using HTML and XML Together</h1>
        <p>This article explores how HTML and XML can work together to create dynamic pages.</p>
    ]]></content>
</blogPost>

Explanation:

  • CDATA sections (<![CDATA[]]>) allow HTML content within XML by treating it as character data.
  • This is useful in content management systems where HTML content might need to be stored as part of a larger XML structure.
  • Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML)

XHTML combines the structure of HTML with XML’s strict syntax. XHTML is case-sensitive, requires all tags to be closed, and adheres to XML’s syntax rules. This strictness enhances page compatibility across different browsers and devices.

Example:

xhtml

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title>XHTML Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to XHTML</h1>
    <p>This page follows XML syntax rules strictly.</p>
</body>
</html>

XHTML is commonly used in systems where XML’s precision is essential, such as in mobile applications or devices requiring strict document formatting.

Must Read: HTML Developer Salary Insights in India – Explore what you can expect as a fresher or experienced developer.

Advantages and Disadvantages of HTML and XML

Here’s a detailed look at HTML and XML, focusing on their key technical benefits and limitations.

HTML Advantages

  • Easy to Learn and Use: HTML uses simple tags like <p><div>, and <h1>, making it accessible for beginners. Developers can set up basic page structures quickly.
  • Universal Browser Support: HTML functions seamlessly on all major browsers, ensuring consistent user experiences across platforms without additional adjustments.
  • Plain Text Editing: HTML files can be edited in any text editor, allowing for quick changes without specialized software.
  • Integrates with JavaScript and CSS: HTML combines well with JavaScript for interactivity and CSS for styling, creating dynamic and visually engaging pages. Tags like <script> and <style> make integration smooth.
  • Lightweight and Fast-Loading: HTML’s minimal code structure results in faster page load times, even on slower connections, reducing bandwidth usage.
  • Web Development Foundation: HTML serves as the core language of the web. It is essential for understanding more advanced web languages and technologies.

HTML Disadvantages

  • Limited to Static Content: HTML cannot generate dynamic content independently. Adding interactivity requires JavaScript or server-side languages like PHP.
  • Verbose and Repetitive Code: Simple layouts often require extensive code, resulting in redundancy. Code reusability remains low without additional languages or frameworks.
  • No Built-In Security: HTML lacks security features. It does not prevent vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL injection attacks.
  • Complexity with Large Files: Large HTML files become difficult to read and maintain, especially with deep nesting and inline styling.
  • Manual Updates for Each Page: HTML lacks modularity; changes to a layout or style require updates to each page individually, making site-wide updates tedious.

XML Advantages 

  • Extensible and Flexible: XML allows creating custom tags that can be adapted to various data structures. This flexibility makes XML suitable for unique or complex data needs in diverse industries.
  • Human-Readable Format: XML’s structure uses readable tags like <invoice> and <customer>, making it clear and accessible for developers and non-developers.
  • Platform-Independent: XML functions on any system and works across multiple programming languages, ensuring compatibility between platforms.
  • Unicode Support: XML supports Unicode, including multilingual text within a single document, ideal for global applications.
  • Consistent Data Storage and Transport: XML allows data storage and transfer without altering its structure or presentation, ensuring consistency in data handling across applications.
  • Error Reduction with Strict Syntax: XML enforces strict syntax rules, such as closing tags and proper nesting, which minimizes errors and improves data reliability.
  • Standardized for Data Interchange: XML’s structured format is widely adopted for APIs and data exchange in fields like finance, healthcare, and e-commerce.

XML Disadvantages

  • Verbose and Redundant: XML’s tag-based structure makes files long, with tags like <item> and <data> repeated frequently, increasing file size.
  • High Storage and Transport Costs: XML files become large with redundant tags, leading to higher storage and data transfer costs, especially in high-volume applications.
  • Lower Readability with Large Files: XML’s extensive tagging reduces readability, making it harder to interpret data compared to simpler formats like JSON quickly.
  • Large File Sizes: XML files often include repeated tag names and attributes, leading to slower processing times and larger storage requirements.
  • Lacks Native Array Support: XML does not directly support arrays or list structures, unlike JSON, limiting its use for highly structured data collections.

Comparison Table: HTML vs XML Advantages and Disadvantages

Feature

HTML

XML

Ease of Use

Simple tags; beginner-friendly

Requires strict syntax; custom tags allowed

Compatibility

Supported by all major browsers

Platform-independent across languages/systems

Interactivity

Static; needs JavaScript for dynamic content

Primarily for data storage, not interactivity

Data Handling

Best for visual content

Suitable for complex data transport

Storage

Lightweight, fast loading

Verbose; leads to larger file sizes

Flexibility

Predefined tags; less adaptable

Extensible; allows custom tag structures

Readability

Easy to read and modify

Readable but lengthy and verbose

Integration

Combines well with CSS and JavaScript

Commonly integrated with Java for data handling

Security

Lacks built-in security features

Reliable syntax; lacks security on its own

Best Practices for Using HTML and XML Effectively

Following best practices when working with HTML and XML can significantly improve code readability, reduce errors, and ensure compatibility across systems, especially for large projects or data-driven applications. Here are some key tips:

Best Practices for HTML 

  • Use Semantic Tags: Choose tags based on their meaning, such as <header><footer><article>, and <section>. Semantic HTML improves readability and helps search engines better understand your content.
  • Organize Code with Indentation: Maintain consistent indentation and spacing to improve readability, especially for nested elements.
  • Separate Structure and Style: Keep HTML focused on structure only. Use CSS for styling to avoid inline styling within HTML tags, which makes the code bulky and hard to maintain.
  • Leverage HTML5 Form Elements: Use HTML5 form inputs like <email><date>, and <tel> for more specific data collection, which improves user experience and reduces validation requirements.
  • Ensure Accessibility: Use alt attributes for images and tags like <label> for form inputs. Implement ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes to make content accessible for screen readers.
  • Avoid Deprecated Tags: Avoid using outdated tags, such as <center> and <font>, as they are no longer supported in HTML5.
  • Optimize Media Elements: Use <picture> for responsive images and add controls attributes to audio and video elements for better user experience.
  • Comment Sections for Clarity: Add comments to indicate the start and end of major sections, especially in complex layouts, for better readability and easier maintenance.

Best Practices for XML 

  • Create Descriptive Tags: Choose tag names that accurately describe the data, like <customerName><orderDate>, and <productDescription>. Descriptive tags improve readability and make XML files self-explanatory.
  • Maintain Proper Nesting and Structure: Follow XML’s strict syntax rules for nesting and closing tags properly. This ensures that XML files are well-formed and compatible across systems.
  • Use Consistent Naming Conventions: Maintain a consistent style for tag names (e.g., camelCase, PascalCase) to improve readability, especially in larger XML files.
  • Add Comments for Clarity: Use comments (<!-- comment -->) to clarify complex sections, particularly in large XML files where relationships between tags may not be immediately obvious.
  • Avoid Excessive Tags: Only use necessary tags to keep files as lightweight as possible, especially for XML files used in data exchange. Minimize unnecessary nesting to prevent verbosity.
  • Validate XML Files Regularly: Use XML validation tools (e.g., Oxygen XML, XML Notepad) to ensure files are well-formed. Valid XML reduces data parsing errors and improves compatibility with other systems.
  • Define Schemas for Standardization: Use Document Type Definitions (DTD) or XML Schema Definition (XSD) files to enforce data structure rules. Defining schemas ensures that the data follows a standard format, which is crucial for data integrity in APIs and other shared systems.
  • Implement Unicode for Multilingual Support: Ensure XML files use Unicode to handle multilingual data, which is essential for applications with a global user base.
  • Leverage XML Namespaces: Use namespaces to avoid tag name conflicts, especially when integrating XML from different sources. Namespaces help keep XML data organized and prevent errors in data parsing.

Learn HTML from Scratch: Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

"Start Coding Websites Today!"

"Learn HTML from Basics to Advanced Concepts"

Key Highlights

Highlights

Details

49 Lessons Covers tags, structure, forms, and media
12 Hours of Content In-depth, interactive, and beginner-friendly
Build Real Projects Gain hands-on experience with HTML coding
Quizzes & Assessments Track your progress and test your knowledge
HTML5 & Responsive Design Learn modern HTML5 tags and techniques for responsive web design
Certification Earn a certificate of completion from UpGrad

Benefits

  1. Clear Structure – Understand basic tags and page layouts.
  2. Hands-On Coding – Practice real HTML code and get feedback.
  3. Accessible Anywhere – Access lessons on any device.
  4. Perfect for Beginners – No prior coding knowledge required.
  5. Career Starter – Great foundation for web development roles.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the main purposes of HTML and XML?

HTML structures and displays content on web pages, while XML stores and transports data across different systems. HTML focuses on layout and presentation, whereas XML focuses on organizing and exchanging data.

2. Can HTML and XML be used together in a single project?

Yes, HTML and XML can be used together. XML can supply structured data, which JavaScript can parse and display within an HTML page. This combination allows dynamic content updates on a website.

3. Why is XML more strict with syntax compared to HTML?

XML enforces strict syntax rules to ensure data consistency and prevent errors. It requires all tags to close properly and follow strict nesting, which improves data accuracy, especially in data exchange between systems.

4. How does XML handle data differently from JSON?

XML organizes data in a hierarchical structure with custom tags, making it ideal for complex data models. JSON, in contrast, uses key-value pairs and arrays, making it more compact and readable for simpler data structures.

5. Are there any alternatives to XML for data representation?

Yes, JSON and YAML are popular alternatives. JSON is more compact and is often preferred for web applications, while YAML provides a readable format for configuration files.

6. Can XML be used to structure web pages like HTML?

No, XML is not designed for displaying content on web pages. It lacks built-in tags for layout and presentation, so it functions mainly as a data storage and transfer language.

7. What are the limitations of HTML in data transfer?

HTML does not have features for data storage or secure data transport. It displays data but does not support data encapsulation or integrity during transfer, unlike XML or JSON.

8. Why is HTML considered a display language and XML a data language?

HTML includes predefined tags focused on web layout and styling, making it ideal for visual content. XML, on the other hand, uses custom tags that describe data without specifying its presentation, making it suitable for data transport.

9. How is XML used in APIs and web services?

XML serves as a standard format for data exchange in APIs and web services. It provides a consistent structure for passing information between applications, ensuring that data is accurately interpreted on both ends.

10. Can HTML tags be customized like XML tags?

No, HTML uses predefined tags with specific functions. XML allows custom tags that adapt to unique data needs, providing more flexibility for data representation.

11. How can I validate my XML file to ensure it’s well-formed?

Use an XML validator or editor like Oxygen XML or XML Notepad. Validation tools check for proper tag closures, nesting, and syntax errors, ensuring the file follows XML standards.

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Rohan Vats

Software Engineering Manager @ upGrad. Passionate about building large scale web apps with delightful experiences. In pursuit of transforming engineers into leaders.

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Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition  Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript What is AngularJs? When Android was yet to be launched in the market, Java was the most commonly used interface in mobiles. Even now when android has taken the center stage, java is not yet abolished. It is still considered one of the most potent and user- interactive interfaces out there. AngularJS is an app that was first launched by Google in the year 2009. This app uses the same JavaScript framework. AngularJS has come a long way and it has made some very impressive adjustments in its user interface. How to Become a Full Stack Developer Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses AngularJS is basically an app that makes developing apps very easy, it helps in making super-dynamic web pages that are easy to use and easy to work with as well. We need web pages for literally everything. Every business, every start-up, every new idea that is been introduced needs a web page o promote it. Bust web pages are not too easy to work with, there are quite a few factors that need to be kept in mind before making a web page. Java is the most secure and the most optimum user interface when it comes to making web pages. Unlike Android and MAC, it has HTML support that makes the process of a web page making much easier. Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp  Learn Software Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Uses of AngularJS AngularJS helps in extending HTML Templates, it also ennobles the users to use an advanced approach towards web page making and web page designing. Java is known for its better stability and security. AngularJS sticks to its own simple functionalities and thus is very easy to use. The modular approach makes coding easy. Also updating, testing and modifying codes for a web page is made easier with AngularJS. One can easily add AngularJS to a web page with the help of simple coding. What Does A Software Developer Do? upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Domains in which you can implement AngularJS To make sure that your web page is gaining popularity, some niches and search engine optimisation tools are to be incorporated in your web page. To make the idea known to all and gain popularity nothing can be better than a well-done web page. When you are using mobile for creating a web page AngularJS is your answer to all your questions. It will even help you develop a web app. Tips for best practices Angularjs Mobile Development app can help you with the following. Video streaming apps: Video streaming apps are really in demand right now. Apps like Netflix, Amazon Prime Videos, and YouTube etc are some of the most prominent examples. User review: Market research is a very important part of developing a web page. First, you need to see what your customers really want when you know what your customers want and need them providing them with the best solutions is better and more money efficient. Travel apps: Travel apps are not very uncommon nowadays. While Android and MAC will make decent apps, the performance of a JavaScript is really difficult to top. AngularJS mobile development can help develop such sophisticated apps. Weather apps: Something that is present by default in a smartphone is a weather app. It is widely used and a JavaScript will be able to develop and manage really impressive weather apps. Social apps: In this age of social media, we can hardly come across a person who does not have a social media account. Apps like Facebook, twitter, etc. all are developed with JavaScript and thus you can too do that with AngularJS. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN)  Everything you need ot know about Mobile App Development When it comes to developing and managing an app there are many ways one can do that. But if you are using your phones to develop a web page then AngularJS should be your best bet. If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Kavya Gajjar

29 Nov'18
Angular 7.0 – What is New in its new Avatar?

5.34K+

Angular 7.0 – What is New in its new Avatar?

The strength of a building is in its concrete pillars. So is the framework for a web application. A software framework provides a standard way to design, build and deploy applications. In a world of Java platforms, the Javascript framework was the most uttered buzzword until Angular gained importance. Now, let us see some Salient features of Angular. Angular is an Open source Javascript framework which morphed into what is called ‘Typescript’ now. Code generation and development are rapid compared to a (Javascript) JS code. The Command line prompt (CLI) has commands to build application faster. The Code is well organized as it uses components hence improves productivity A directive is a dynamic function that handles variables, if statements, and loops in HTML Angular is cross-platform hence it is independent of the browser and the operating system Angular CLI comes with testing tools that are helpful for unit testing Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition Learn Software engineering courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. AngularJS – A precursor to Angular AngularJS was the first product in the Angular series introduced by Google in 2009. It is a client-side or a front-end framework. What this means is that the code runs on the user’s browser and not on the web server. AngularJS was written purely in Javascript. This was developed to decouple the application logic, however, it was the only fairly successful and paved way for Angular with its current avatar 7.0. Is AngularJS Right Choice For Your Next Mobile App Development? Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Angular 7.0 Framework Let us understand briefly the building blocks of Angular: Module:  Basically breaks down application’s core screens logically. For example, if there is a shopping cart page, one might want to have a shopping cart module. Component: This is a section of the UI and is a ‘class’ as in object-oriented programming. This is the fundamental building block of the User Interface (UI). The component class contains the core logic for the page. ” upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4 ” Components are made up of: Template: A template is written in HTML or they can be HTML files. It can have dynamic properties like variables and use of ‘if conditions’ is possible with directives. Class: Is the code for the application. The code is written in Typescript. Typescript is a superset of Javascript. Typescript is a ‘static’ type language where variables are declared with types defined. Hence errors are caught on the compilation of the program rather than being caught at runtime. Angular classes can be written in Javascript too. Components have data properties and methods.  Metadata: To identify that the class is an Angular component one uses Metadata. Metadata can be attached to Typescript using a decorator declaration. Let us walk through a simple component in Angular. Import {component} from  ‘’@angular/core’’ ; Here the component package is imported from Angular core library. @component ({     (this is a decorator declaration) Selector : ‘myapplication’   …(.this is the custom HTML tag that we use to insert the component. ) Template: ‘<h1> Hello {(name)}</h1> (name is a variable) }) export class AppComponent{       (This is the component class and ‘name’ is a property in the class) name = ‘ Angular framework’; } <body> <myapplication>Loading a sample app component here..</myapplication> </body> Data binding: A process that allows communication between the component and the view. So data is passed from the component to the view and vice-versa. There are four types of data binding. In Interpolation and property binding the data is sent from the component to the view and in event binding, the data is sent to the component from the view or the template. In two-way binding, the data travels both ways. Service: This is a class that is written for reusable code, i.e. code that can be accessed from multiple components. These classes send data and functionality across components. Service classes can also get data from a database or a js/JSON file. When one uses a Service class, the code looks organized and fragmented. Directive: Customizing HTML attributes to extend the power of HTML is a directive.  ngIf, ngFor, ngModel are directives. ngModel is responsible for, binding the view into the model, which other directives such as input, textarea or Select require. Here is a piece of code that shows how ngmodel works. <div ng-app=”” ng-init=”firstName=’John'”> <p>Input a name in the input box:</p> <p>Name: <input type=”text” ng-model=”firstName”></p> <p>You wrote: {{ firstName }}</p> </div> Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses So, firstName was initialized to ‘John’ and when one enters a new value in the text box, firstName will hold the new name entered.Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN)  Dependency injection (DI): Classes need objects to perform a particular function. Instead of creating the objects each time in the class, the class receives the objects(dependencies) from external sources. In the DI framework following are the steps that need to be followed: Create a Service Class eg. Employeedata Register this service class with the Injector. An Injector is a container that holds all the dependency classes Declare the Employeedata class as a dependency in the class that needs it eg. EmployeeList Class What Does A Software Developer Do? Versions of Angular After AngularJS, Angular 2 was released which was a complete rewrite of AngularJS. Components got added from Angular 2. Angular 2 was not backwards compatible. Angular is made up of a bunch of packages and the Router package in Angular 3 was not in sync. Hence the Angular team moved on to Angular 4 which was released with all corrections and features with backward compatibility to Angular 2. Subsequently Angular 5, Angular 6 was released and the latest version now is Angular 7. What’s new in Angular 7.0? CLI Prompts: A change in the Angular command line prompt is that the CLI prompts the user, to select the features while running the common commands. Features like Angular routing or the format of the style-sheet and many more can be selected by the user. In the previous versions of Angular one had to remember and type the options on the prompt. Application Performance : Common errors: In this version, the angular team analyzed and removed some common mistakes made by the developers like the ‘reflect-metadata’ polyfill was included in production which is actually needed only in development. Bundle-Budgets: To improve the performance of the application, default Bundle Budgets are defined in angular.JSON. The developers will now be warned if the application bundle size exceeds a limit of 5MB and when the initial bundle exceeds 2MB. These values can be modified in the JSON file as needed. Angular Material & the CDK: The Angular component development kit(CDK) was created from the Angular Material(UI for libraries).The two new features added in the CDK are Virtual Scrolling: To load only the visible part on the screen, the <cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport> package provides helpers for directives that react to scroll events. So, it will render only the items that can fit on the screen. When a user scrolls through the list then the DOM will load and unload the elements dynamically based on the display size. Drag and Drop support: The @angular/cdk/drag-drop module helps free drag and drop feature of an element, reordering items in a list, moving items in a list and so on. This is done with the help of cdkDropList and cdkDrag directives. Angular 7.0 has updated its dependencies to support Typescript 3.1, RxJS 6.3 and Node 10. Improved accessibility of Selects: The native ’select’ has some performance, accessibility, and usability advantages hence using a native select element inside a ‘mat-form-field’ is a new feature in Angular 7.0. Angular elements: A small change but new in Angular 7 “Angular Elements now supports content projection using web standards for custom elements.” — This is what Stephen Fluin, Angular says. Working with partners: The Angular team has been working to partner with community projects that have been launched recently one of them is Angular Console. Angular Console is a user interface for Angular CLI. It is good for beginners and experts as it is a lot easier than prompts. There are different UI versions for Windows and Mac OS. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java Most of the changes in Angular 7.0 are on performance improvements and bug fixing. Hence, it is the safest version to date and migrating from earlier versions is simple. Ivy is the new upcoming rendering engine that the Angular team is working on. Till then, let us wait and watch. Keep Learning! Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Saurabh Hooda

28 Dec'18
IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse: The Holy War!

35.45K+

IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse: The Holy War!

Batman vs. Superman, Marvel vs. DC, Windows vs. Linux, Java vs. C#, are a few examples of some eternal wars. One such battle is IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse – the selection of the best Integrated Development Environment – affectionately known as the IDE. There are many IDEs in the market today for Java development – the likes of Netbeans, DrJava, and of course Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA are just to name a few. These IDEs ease the workflow of a developer by providing them with a complete and integrated environment. The support of various plugins coupled with the ability to handle large projects seamlessly makes the IDEs an irreplaceable tool in any developer’s toolkit. Learn Software development courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Today we’ll be looking at two such IDEs in depth, and taking them head to head. We’ll look at how Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA compete against each other in terms of the features they offer. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Eclipse IDE Eclipse is by far the most commonly used IDE by budding as well as experienced developers. It is supported by a large community of developers, great documentation to get you up and running, and the best part – the support of thousands of plugins to make your experience even better. Eclipse is mainly used for developing web, mobile, desktop, enterprise, or embedded system applications. It can be used open-source under Eclipse public license. Eclipse is written mostly in Java and runs seamlessly on the three major operating systems – Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. Although well known for Java programming, it also supports various other languages including Groovy, Scala, and Python. Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Cloud Computing Eclipse is capable of opening multiple projects in the same window thereby giving you control over dependencies and relations. However, regarding user experience and the ease of code completion and inspection, Eclipse falls short despite having many plugins, especially checkstyle. If you’re a rookie programmer, you’d appreciate an auto-complete feature that can show the list of the most relevant symbols applicable in your context. Eclipse falls short on that. Just for argument’s sake, we can use this point in favour of Eclipse saying it offers a better learning curve, but at the end of the day, it’s really about how easy it is to get your application up and running. Having said that, Eclipse is and will continue to be, widely used all over the globe. Let’s take a look at some of its features that keep it going despite the limitations. A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Blockchain Salient Features of Eclipse Mylyn: Mylyn is a subsystem of eclipse for task management. The advantages of Mylyn are quite well known, but you won’t appreciate them till you use it and see them for yourself. Mylyn helps developers track their tasks in a task list view – without having to open a browser. Mylyn provides an easy way of keeping track of all the files related to your current work. Software Updates: Eclipse provides frequent and regular software updates. The ability to simply update your IDE from the console itself without worrying about dependencies, or unzipping a zipped file makes a developer’s life easier. Everything is managed through this simple dialogue: Enterprise Java Tooling: Eclipse has the best tooling to offer for JEE projects. It offers an outstanding amount of functionalities – from wizards for Web Service creation, XML editing, to excellent JSF and JPA tooling. In essence, it’s a very simple feature but is very useful. The ability to control and deploy the server of your choice is commendable. Also, if your server isn’t on the list, you’ll likely find a plug-in to support your server. Model Driven Development: The Eclipse Modelling Project offers a set of modelling tools for those using EMF or related techniques for modelling. The Ecore Tools that are used to work with the EMF models allow you to create and modify your ecore using a standard tree, or through the visual Ecore diagram editor (see below). 15 Must-Know Spring MVC Interview Questions IntelliJ IDEA IDE IntelliJ IDEA is a fully featured IDE developed by JetBrains. JetBrains is an established company and famous for the Resharper plugin for Visual Studio that is beneficial for C# development. The IntelliJ IDEA comes in two editions – Free community edition and an Ultimate edition. The free community edition of IntelliJ IDEA offers the basic features useful for developing Android and Java applications. Google’s official Android development platform – Android Studio, is also based on IntelliJ IDEA’s free community edition. This IDE supports many languages from Java, Kotlin, Scala, Android, Mercurial, Groovy, Gradle, Git, SVN, SBT, and CVS and also offers basics (yet essential) features like code completion, deep static analysis, intelligent refactorings, debugger, test runner, etc. The Ultimate Edition, on the other hand, has the most advanced set of features for developing web and desktop applications. Some of the additional features of the Ultimate Edition Supports the integration of Spring framework. Supports web app scripting languages like JavaScript, CoffeeScript, TypeScript, and many more. Supports web development framework like Node.js, Angular, and React Java EE support such as JSF, JAX-RS, JPA, CDI, etc Eclipse falls short in providing good assistance for code completion despite supporting many plugins. The default code compilation in IntelliJ is much faster and better, especially if you’re a newbie programmer – IntelliJ can help you improve your code. One of them is Smart Completion which provides you with the list of the most relevant symbols applicable in your current context. This as well as other completions constantly learn from your coding practices and moves your most frequently used packages and classes to the top of the list, so that you can select the right option faster. Another such feature is Chain completion which is even smarter than the Smart Completion. It lists all the applicable symbols by making use of getters or methods which makes it even faster. There are many other out-of-the-box features too which make IntelliJ IDEA a truly intelligent IDE What is Test-driven Development: A Newbie’s Guide Features which make IntelliJ IDEA a truly intelligent Version Control: IntelliJ IDEA offers the developers with a unified interface for most of the version control systems. Git, SVN, Mercurial, CVS, and Perforce are just to name a few. This single interface lets you browse the history of changes, manage branches, and merge conflicts. Build Tools: This IDE supports all the major build tools like Gradle, Maven, Gant, SBT, NPM, Grunt, Gulp, and more. These tools eventually help automate compiling, packaging, running tests, deploying, and other activities. Application Servers: It supports major application servers like TomCat, JBoss, WebSphere, Glassfish, and many more. It allows you to deploy your code onto the application servers and debug the deployed code from the IDE itself. Indexing: IntelliJ indexes the entire project when you first start it up. That way, it doesn’t need to search for files every time you need a resource (unlike Eclipse). This significantly speeds up the search process. Polyglot Support: As we’ve said earlier, IntelliJ IDEA supports many JVM and non-JVM frameworks and languages out of the box. Frameworks and languages like AngularJS, React, JavaScript, TypeScript, Scala, SQL are just a few examples of the wide array of languages supported by IntelliJ IDEA. All these features make IntelliJ IDEA a clear winner when it comes to usability and user experience. However, it falls short on the number of plugins offered. Compared to 1,276 plugins offered by Eclipse, IntelliJ only offers ~700 plugins. But, this shouldn’t be a dealbreaker as IntelliJ offers a lot of new and improved features out of the box, without needing any plugin – unlike Eclipse. How to Become a Full Stack Developer upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   In Conclusion… If you’re a beginner in the field of Java development, your choice should be IntelliJ IDEA – thanks to the various beginner-friendly features it has to offer. However, if you’re looking to work on large and complex projects, and have a fair bit of expertise in Java programming, you can opt for Eclipse instead. Like with every other debate, at the end of the day it’s all a matter of preferences, but there’s no way you can ignore IntelliJ IDEA.   If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.
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by Arjun Mathur

10 Jun'19
Python Projects for Beginners &#8211; List of 7

17.76K+

Python Projects for Beginners &#8211; List of 7

Learning a new language – whether it is for speaking to humans or to computers – is always a mixture of fun and challenge. Mastery is not an easy road to travel and that is why little wins along the way are so necessary for boosting self-confidence and making you preserve. The same can be achieved through projects that have a specific aim and allow you to put your new-found knowledge into practice. When learning a coding language like Python, these projects become all the more crucial as they help you firm your grip on a vast language that you will keep refining your entire life. So, where do you begin? As a beginner, which projects do you pick up that is not overwhelming but are challenging and rewarding at the same time? Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Learn Software Development online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career.   Check out our free technology courses to get an edge over the competition. The answer? Whatever you pick from the list below. What’s the number? Concepts needed: print, while loop, if/else statements, random function, input/ output This is a guessing game that the user plays with the program/computer. The program generates a random number using the random function. The user tries to guess it by inputting a value. The program then indicates whether the guess is right or not. If it is wrong, then the program should tell how off the guess was. If it is right, there should be another positive indicator. You can place a limit on the number of guesses allowed. You will also need functions to compare the inputted number with the guessed number, to compute the difference between the two, and to check whether an actual number was inputted or not.  Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Spin a yarn Concepts needed: strings, concatenation, variables, print. Things get more interesting here since strings are infinitely more complex to play with at the beginning.  The program first prompts the user to enter a series of inputs. These can be an adjective, a preposition, a proper noun, etc. Once all the inputs are in place, they are placed in a premade story template using concatenation. In the end, the full story is printed out to read some misintended madness! Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp What’s the word? Concepts needed: strings, variables, random function, variables, input/ output Similar to ‘What’s the Number?’, this name focuses on the user having to guess the randomly generated word. You can create a list from which the word would have to be guessed and also set a cap on the number of guesses allowed.  After this, you can create the rules yourself! When the user inputs the word, you can indicate whether the alphabet written appears in this particular position or not. You will need a function to check if the user is inputting alphabets or numbers and to display error messages appropriately.  Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Rock, paper, scissors Concepts needed: random function, print, input/ output, variables If you are tired of having no playmate, then a 5-minute stint of rock, paper, scissors with the computer and designed by you, yourself will improve your mood. We again use the random function here. You make a move first and then the program makes one. To indicate the move, you can either use a single alphabet or input an entire string. A function will have to be set up to check the validity of the move. Using another function, the winner of that round is decided. You can then either give an option of playing again or decide a pre-determined number of moves in advance. A scorekeeping function will also have to be created which will return the winner at the end.  Compute, calculate Concepts needed: functions, input/ output, variables,  This project involves building a simple calculator that can perform mathematical functions (which you decide). You can start with the basic BODMAS, and then progress to logarithms and exponents. You’ll have to keep tabs on what the user is entering and get the answer to print at the end. Whether the values in the middle of the calculation keep showing up is up to you.  upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Leap it! Concepts needed: functions, input/ output, boolean, print In this program, you input a year and check whether it is a leap year or not. For this, you’ll have to create a function that recognizes the pattern of leap years and can try fitting the inputted year into the pattern. In the end, you can print the result using a boolean expression.  Find out, Fibonacci! Concepts needed: functions, input/output, boolean, print You input a number and the function created checks whether the number belongs to the Fibonacci sequence or not. The underlying workings are similar to the above ‘Leap it!’ program.  One common theme in all the above projects is that they will help you to get your basics right. You will be the developer and the bug fixer. Not to mention, you’ll be closing working with creating and implementing a variety of functions along with working with variables, strings, integers, operators, etc. Just like 2 + 2 is the building block of your mathematics knowledge, so are these concepts, and learning about them in a fun way through building projects will help to understand and retain them more. If you are interested to become a software engineer, check out M.Sc. in Computer Science by upGrad, IIIT Bangalore, and Liverpool John Moores University which is designed for working professionals and provide 30+ projects & assignments, IIIT-B & LJMU Alumni status, 6 unique specializations, more than 500 hours of rigorous training & job placement assistance with top firms. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses
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by Ashish Korukonda

29 Aug'19
What does a DevOps developer do? Job Role, Skills &#038; Salary Details

12.62K+

What does a DevOps developer do? Job Role, Skills &#038; Salary Details

Of late, the concept of DevOps has taken the IT industry by storm, and for all the right reasons. DevOps is a methodology that finds its roots in both Agile and Lean approaches. It combines the best of both worlds – cultural philosophies, best practices, and tools that boost and enhance an organization’s capacity to deliver applications/services on-demand. As organizations can offer their deliverables speedily and readily, they become more competent and efficient in managing the overall business.  Speed and efficiency are the two fundamental reasons why DevOps is becoming more and more popular in the industry. As more companies are joining the DevOps bandwagon, they are driving the demand for skilled DevOps Engineers. Today, the role of a DevOps Engineer has come to be one of the most highly demanded and lucrative career options and demand for full-stack developer courses is increasing as we speak. Learn Software development courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. A DevOps Engineer is essentially an IT professional with expertise in scripting, coding, and the entire operation of product development and deployment. The role demands that one transcend the traditional barriers of software development, testing, and operations teams, and create a holistic environment for quality product development. DevOps Engineers combine in-depth knowledge and hands-on experience in software development with business analytics skills to build innovative business solutions. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. 8 in-demand career options for software engineers Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses What does a DevOps Engineer do? DevOps Engineers work in close collaboration with Software Developers, System Operators (SysOps), and other production IT members to manage and supervise code releases. They must be well-versed in IT infrastructure management that is integral for supporting the software code in dedicated, multi-tenant, or hybrid cloud environments.  Check out our best online DevOps courses In a DevOps model, the development and operations teams do not function separately as ‘siloed’ units but merge together. Also, this approach to software development demands frequent and incremental changes. Hence, DevOps Engineers have to perform a wide range of functions across the entire application lifecycle – from development and test to deployment and operations. This calls for a versatile skill set that is not limited to a particular function or role.  Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in DevOps Our Learners also read: Devops engineer jobs! To successfully implement the DevOps approach, DevOps Engineers must be well-versed in the best practices of DevOps methodology, that include: Continuous Integration – This practice requires developers to merge the alterations in their code into a central repository, after which it runs the automated builds and tests. Continuous integration aims to identify and fix bugs quicker, enhance the software quality, and reduce the validation and release time of software updates. Continuous Delivery – In this practice, the code changes are built, tested, and prepared automatically for the production release. It is the successive step to continuous integration wherein all the code changes are deployed to a testing environment and/or a production environment following the build phase.  Infrastructure as Code – This practice encourages the provision and management of the infrastructure using specific code and software development techniques (version control, continuous integration, etc.). Instead of manually setting up and configuring the infrastructure resources, the cloud’s API-driven model allows developers and system administrators to work with and scale the infrastructure programmatically. Monitoring and Logging – Monitoring and logging are essential to check and measure the metrics of applications and infrastructure and see how their performance affects the user experience of a product/service.  Communication and Collaboration – DevOps encourages increased communication and collaboration within organizations. DevOps tools, along with the software delivery process automation, allow for increased cooperation between the development and operations teams by merging their workflows and responsibilities. Microservices Architecture – It is a design approach used to develop a single application as a component of small services. In this design, the individual services run their own processes while communicating with other services via a well-defined interface (usually an HTTP-based API).  Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Blockchain In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Now, we move on to the main functions and responsibilities of a DevOps Engineer. DevOps Engineers have to perform a wide range of tasks to fulfill their three core functions – coding, scripting, and process re-engineering. The primary duties of a DevOps Engineer are: Project Planning DevOps Engineers are an integral part of the project planning operation. Their skills in software development and system options, and business expertise (the risk, impact, and costs vs. benefits) allows them to foresee the project needs and resources, thereby helping them to create actionable timelines and strategies for business projects.  Product Development DevOps Engineers are responsible for developing, building, and managing IT solutions. To meet this end, they have to install and configure solutions, implement reusable components, translate technical requirements, perform script maintenance and updates, assist operations teams at all phases of data testing, develop interface stubs and simulators, to name a few. Product Deployment DevOps Engineers design and develop automated deployment arrangements by leveraging configuration management technology. This allows them to deploy new modules/upgrades and fixes in the production environment itself. Also, DevOps Engineers have to ready the new modules/upgrades for production. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Check out a career in devops Performance Management Apart from evaluating existing applications and platforms, DevOps Engineers also offer recommendations for enhancing the performance. To do so, they must also identify and develop practical and alternative solutions. Maintenance and Troubleshooting Maintenance and troubleshooting are two routine tasks of DevOps Engineers. Using strategy-building techniques, they delineate the requirements and procedures for implementing regular maintenance. Also, they have to troubleshoot existing information systems for errors and fix the same.  Essential skills of a DevOps Engineer A DevOps Engineer must have: Strong knowledge of different programming and scripting languages (Java, Python, Ruby, JavaScript, Scala, etc.) and familiarity with basic concepts of Linux.  Familiarity in working with a variety of open-source tools and technologies for source code management. Thorough knowledge of IT operations and system admin roles for planning the entire integration and deployment process. Expertise in software code testing and deployment. Experience in working with DevOps automation tools. Strong foundational knowledge of the Agile methodology. The ability to connect to technical and business goals. Excellent communication skills and team spirit.   Since the role of a DevOps Engineer is highly demanding and versatile, the job compensates with high salary packages. The average annual salary of a DevOps Engineer in India is Rs. 6,52,296. Needless to say, the more experienced you become, the higher will be your salary. Overall, the job role of a DevOps Engineer is highly promising.   If you are interested to become a DevOps engineer, check out Advanced Certificate Programme in DevOps from IIIT Bangalore.
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by upGrad

14 Oct'19
Difference Between Agile Methodology and Scrum Methodology [Full Comparison]

5.32K+

Difference Between Agile Methodology and Scrum Methodology [Full Comparison]

The corporate world is a fast-paced one where project requirements, customer demands, and support functions keep changing rapidly. To keep up with the dynamic and ever-changing requirements, today, companies are moving over from the traditional (waterfall) methodologies and embracing innovative methodologies like Agile. Full-Stack software development courses are getting popular as demand is only increasing.  The Agile approach brought with it a host of benefits that were lacking in the conventional software development methodologies. In Agile methodology, testing is integrated with development, thereby contributing to the development of high-quality software. Apart from delivering high-value features within short delivery cycles, Agile also enhanced customer satisfaction and customer retention quotients.  Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition  Although the Agile approach has become widely popular in the IT and corporate worlds, not many are aware that it is made of different types of processes. For instance, there’s Scrum, Kanban, Feature Driven Development (FDD), and Adaptive System Development (ASD), to name a few. Why companies are looking to hire full-stack developers In this post, however, we’ll focus on the difference between Agile and Scrum. While people often tend to use these terms synonymously, they have their fair share of differences.  Learn Software Development Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Agile Methodology & Scrum Methodology What is Agile? Agile methodology refers to a software development practice that focuses on the continuous iteration of development and testing in the SDLC (software development life cycle) process. Unlike the Waterfall methodology that analyzes and documents the project requirements before the development process begins, in the Agile approach, the requirements are determined as the software-development advances with each iteration. This offers scope for flexibility in accommodating the necessary changes in the requirements/priorities of the business as and when they come.  In Agile methodology, the development and testing activities occur simultaneously. It breaks the product into smaller fragments, and the work is prioritized according to business or customer value. It encourages teamwork and constant communication within teams and between teams and customers as well. As such, the Agile approach aims to bring all the stakeholders together in the product development process. Agile Interview Questions & Answers Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp The Agile Manifesto comprises of 12 principles encouraging an iterative approach to software development: Customer satisfaction is the highest priority. It is accomplished through the continuous delivery of software products in parts. It should be flexible enough to accommodate changes in requirements even in later phases of software development. Business teams, developers, and customers must regularly collaborate throughout the SLDC. Face-to-face interaction is pivotal for transparency and enhanced communication within the teams. Encourage sustainable development by maintaining a constant pace throughout the development process. Together, all teams should regularly reflect and brainstorm on how to enhance productivity to boost project effectiveness. Foster self-organization within teams to deliver top-notch architectures and designs. Offer higher autonomy to team members having greater support and trust. Deliver efficient and working software frequently within shorter periods. Measure project progress through the success of the working software. Make good design and technical excellence the primary focus of the development process. Simplicity is a fundamental tool for progress. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses What is Scrum? Scrum is a subset of Agile methodology. Naturally, it also focuses on delivering a product in stages within short periods. Rather than being a process or a technique, Scrum is a simple and lightweight framework that seeks to address complex problems (of a specific project) and deliver high-value business products.  Scrum assumes that the project requirements are bound to change or are not defined before the project development process begins. By repeatedly inspecting and monitoring working software, it aims to foster accountability, cross-functional teamwork, and progress toward a well-defined business goal. ” upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4 ”   Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN)  Roles in the Scrum framework Product Owner – The Product Owner is responsible for optimizing the work and product value of the development team. Apart from this, a Product Owner also manages the product catalog. Scrum Master – The Scrum Master is responsible for organizing daily team meetings and handling challenges and bottlenecks in the development process. Scrum Masters communicate with the Product Owner to ensure that the product backlog is ready for the succeeding sprint.  Scrum Team – The Scrum Team works in collaboration with the Product Owner and Scrum Master to plan how much of the project they can complete in each iteration. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Agile vs. Scrum: Key Differences The Agile approach is best-suited for environments having an expert and dedicated team of a few members. Scrum, on the other hand, is perfect for projects where the requirements change frequently and fast.   The Agile methodology views leadership as a pivotal role in project development. However, Scrum encourages self-organizing and cross-functional teams. While the Project Head supervises all the tasks in the former, the latter has no team leader – the entire team is responsible for the project.  In Agile, there is regular collaboration and one-on-one interactions between the members of all teams, cross-functional teams, and customers. In the Scrum framework, the Product Owner, the Scrum Master, and the Scrum Team engage in daily meetings. The Agile approach may require lots of up-front changes in the organizational and development process. This is not necessary for Scrum. In the Agile method, frequent deliveries are made to the customer for obtaining their feedback. In Scrum, each sprint is followed by the delivery of a build to the client for feedback. The Agile method considers customer feedback highly necessary during the process, whereas in Scrum, daily sprint meetings are held for reviews and feedback.   While the Agile approach encourages to keep the design and execution simple, Scrum encourages innovation and experimentation for the same. The Agile approach considers customer satisfaction as the top priority, whereas, for Scrum, Empirical Process Control forms the core.  While working software forms the fundamental measure for project progress, it is not so in the case of the Scrum framework. These are the key differences between the Agile software development methodology and the Scrum framework. Differences aside, Scrum is essentially a subset of the Agile approach, and hence, the end goal of both is to maximize customer satisfaction through the delivery of value-oriented business products. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Overall, Agile practices/methods help create environments where the requirements are continually evolving and changing. Through a disciplined project-management approach, Agile methodology promotes and pushes the delivery of high-quality software that is aligned with customer needs. Explore more about the Agile software development, check out upGrad’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialisation in Full Stack Development.
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by upGrad

22 Oct'19
How DevOps Online Course Can Kickstart Your Career

5.44K+

How DevOps Online Course Can Kickstart Your Career

Amazon Web Services defines DevOps as ‘the combination of cultural philosophies, practices, and tools that increases an organization’s ability to deliver applications and services at high velocity.’ By virtue of this speed, organizations are able to serve their customers better and also stay ahead of the curve when it comes to competition. Under DevOps, the development and operations teams work together right from the development stage to deployment, testing, operations, and maintenance. Sometimes, the security and quality assurance teams also become integrated with the DevOps team. The team then uses technology and tools that help to get the work done faster because outside help is not taken or needed. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Learn Software development courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Common DevOps practices include Communication and collaboration Microservices Infrastructure as code Continuous delivery Continuous integration Monitoring and logging Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Cyber Security upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4     Why DevOps matters DevOps provides the following benefits to the organization: Speed and rapid delivery Build and release products faster. Then, fix them and make them better at the same pace. This ensures that you respond to customer needs quickly and also gain a competitive edge over them as a result. Continuous delivery and continuous integration are the cornerstones of this benefit. Increased collaboration More effective teams can be built when the development and operations teams combine. Responsibilities can be shared and the workflow can be streamlined to become more efficient. For example, the back-and-forth between the 2 teams can reduce due to the merging. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Increased reliability Thanks to monitoring and logging practices plus continuous integration and continuous delivery, application updates and iterations can be rapidly delivered. One can also know how well the performance is in real-time. Infrastructure as code and configuration management keep up the quick responsiveness of the computing resources to respond to any urgent client or product needs. Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Blockchain  Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses No compromise on security With DevOps, you can get the speed and rapid delivery without compromising on security. Configuration management techniques, automated compliance policies, and fine-grained controls all help to retain control and preserve compliance. DevOps Online Certification The above are all benefits that are crucial for an organization. At the most basic level, though, it requires each person in the merged team to take full ownership of their role and step up should something extra arise. They have to step beyond what their stated role is. This makes the DevOps role truly challenging but also rewarding. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses If you are interested to become a DevOps engineer, check out IIIT-B & upGrad’s Advanced Certificate Programme in DevOps from IIIT Bangalore. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know?
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by Mukesh Kumar

23 Oct'19