Latest update: From January 1, 2026, candidates applying for French naturalization must now achieve a B2 level in both written and oral French, up from the previous B1 requirement.
The difference between TCF and TEF lies mainly in their purpose, usage, and recognition, even though both are official French language tests. TheTest d’Évaluation de Français (TEF) is widely used for immigration, including TEF Canada for Express Entry, while theTest de Connaissance du Français (TCF) is required for academic admissions, French universities, and residency permits in France.
In 2025–26, over 22,000 Indian candidates registered for TEF Canada, compared to around 18,000 for TCF Canada for immigration purposes. Both tests assess listening, reading, writing, and speaking, but here are some differences:
Test Flexibility: TEF allows individual module retakes; TCF requires completing all sections in one attempt.
Exam Duration: TEF lasts about 3 hours; TCF is slightly shorter at 2.5 hours.
French Citizenship: Only TCF is accepted for naturalization in France.
Global Reach: TEF is available in 150+ countries; TCF in 140+ countries.
This blog covers everything you need to know about TEF vs TCF, including their purpose, exam formats, scoring systems, CLB level comparisons for Canada PR, test durations, and fees across different countries.
Define TCF and TEF
TEF (Test d’Évaluation de Français) and TCF (Test de Connaissance du Français) are internationally recognized French-language proficiency exams used for immigration, citizenship, and higher-education purposes. Both assess core French skills like listening, reading, speaking, and writing, and are aligned with CEFR levels from A1 to C2.
TEF is widely chosen by applicants targeting Canada immigration, while TCF is the preferred test for French citizenship, residency, and several French universities.
What is TEF?
TEF (Test d’Évaluation de Français) is an international French-language proficiency exam conducted by CCI Paris Île-de-France. It is widely used for Canada immigration (Express Entry, PR), academic admissions, and professional purposes. TEF evaluates listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills, and its different versions, such as TEF Canada, TEF Naturalisation, and TEF Études, serve specific immigration or educational needs. Scores range from 0–900 and are valid for two years.
What is TCF?
TCF (Test de Connaissance du Français) is an official French-language assessment exam administered by France Éducation International. It is primarily required for French citizenship, residency applications, and university admissions. TCF versions like TCF IRN, TCF Canada, and TCF DAP evaluate comprehension and production skills through listening, reading, speaking, and writing. Scores range from 100–699, are CEFR-aligned, and remain valid for two years.
TEF vs TCF
Over 50,000 candidates take TEF and TCF exams globally each year to meet immigration, citizenship, and academic requirements. TEF is the preferred choice for Canada immigration, while 70% of applicants aiming for French citizenship or university admissions opt for TCF.
The two tests differ in format, scoring patterns, and difficulty levels, making it essential to select the right exam based on your goals. Here is a Comprehensive TEF vs TCF Comparison Table:
Feature Category
TEF
TCF
Governing Body
CCI Paris Île-de-France
France Éducation International
Primary Use
Widely used for Canada immigration (Express Entry, PR)
Standard exam for French citizenship, visa formalities, and university admissions
Recognition
Accepted by IRCC, universities, and employers
Preferred by French Ministry of Interior for naturalization and many universities
TCF Canada, TCF IRN (residency & nationality), TCF DAP (university), TCF Tout Public
Format Style
Modular — speaking and writing can be optional
Mostly fixed with compulsory comprehension and optional production sections
Mandatory Sections
Listening, Reading
Listening, Reading (same as TEF)
Optional Sections
Writing, Speaking
Writing, Speaking
Flexibility
High — candidates can attempt only required modules
Moderate — fixed structure in most versions
Scoring Scale
0–900 mapped to CEFR
100–699 mapped to CEFR
Score Validity
2 years
2 years
CEFR Range Covered
A1 to C2
A1 to C2
Difficulty Level
Slightly higher due to open-ended speaking/writing
More predictable due to multiple-choice-based comprehension
Test Availability
Generally more frequent globally
Availability varies; TCF IRN/DAP slots may be limited
Retake Flexibility
Can retake individual modules
Most versions require retaking the full exam
Best For
Candidates targeting CLB levels for Canada PR
Applicants needing proof for citizenship or university admissions
TEF vs TCF Scoring System and CLB Level Comparison
Both TEF and TCF have different scoring systems, but their results are converted into Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) for Canada PR and Express Entry.
The CLB level you achieve in each section (Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking) determines how many CRS points you can earn.
Below is a comparison of how TEF and TCF scores align with CLB levels.
Skill
TEF Score Range (CLB)
TCF Score Range (CLB)
Listening
• CLB 7: 249–279
• CLB 9: 298–315
• CLB 10+: 316+
• CLB 7: 503–522
• CLB 9: 549–567
• CLB 10+: 568+
Reading
• CLB 7: 207–232
• CLB 9: 248–262
• CLB 10+: 263+
• CLB 7: 453–498
• CLB 9: 524–548
• CLB 10+: 549+
Writing
• CLB 7: 310–348
• CLB 9: 371–392
• CLB 10+: 393+
• CLB 7: 10
• CLB 9: 12
• CLB 10+: 13–15
Speaking
• CLB 7: 310–348
• CLB 9: 371–392
• CLB 10+: 393+
• CLB 7: 10
• CLB 9: 12
• CLB 10+: 13–15
Note: These score conversions apply only to TEF Canada and TCF Canada. Make sure to register for the correct test version based on your immigration goal.
Next, we will compare the exam pattern and duration for each test, so you know what to expect on test day.
TEF vs TCF Exam Format, Sections, and Time Limit
Both TEF and TCF stress the same four skills; that is, listening, reading, writing and speaking. Nevertheless, each of the tests has some differences in the amount of questions to be answered as well as the duration given and format.
Below is the table showcasing Exam Pattern and Duration Breakdown:
Section
TEF (Test d’Évaluation de Français)
TCF (Test de Connaissance du Français)
Listening
40 mins - 60 questions
25 mins - 29 questions
Reading
60 mins - 50 questions
45 mins - 29 questions
Writing
60 mins - 2 writing tasks
60 mins - 3 writing tasks
Speaking
15 mins with examiner
12 mins with examiner
Total Time
3 hours
2.5 hours
Note: For Canada PR, all four parts are required in TEF. In TCF, only listening and speaking are a must.
Which Is Easier: TEF or TCF? User Experience and Difficulty Level
Which of the two tests TEF or TCF is easier? You are not the only one. It is just the matter of how comfortable you feel using the French language, and what kind of test structure you would operate best in.
This is the way it is that TEF and TCF practice real test conditions:
What Matters Most
TEF Feels Like
TCF Feels Like
Question Pattern
Very structured, you know what to expect
Less predictable, but shorter sections
Test Length
A bit longer, around 3 hours
Slightly shorter, easier to sit through
Retaking the Test
You can retake just one part if needed
You have to take the full test again
Writing Section
2 tasks ; more focused
3 tasks; needs a bit more time and effort
Speaking Section
15-minute interview with an examiner
12-minute interview, quite similar to TEF
If you like structure and want the option to improve one section, TEF might suit you. But if you prefer something shorter and lighter, TCF can feel a bit easier.
TEF vs TCF Exam Fees: Country-Wise Cost Comparison
The price of the TEF and TCF exams depends on the country and the test center where you book. TEF is usually a little more expensive, especially if you plan to retake just one part. But in most places, the overall cost is quite similar for both.
Here is the general idea of how much each test costs in different countries:
Country
TEF (Full Test)
TCF (Full Test)
India
INR 18,000 – INR 22,000
INR 16,000 – INR 20,000
Canada
CAD 330 – 450 ( INR 20,000 – INR 27,000)
CAD 300 – 420 ( INR 18,000 – INR 25,000)
France
€150 – 250 ( INR 13,500 – INR 22,500)
€130 – 220 ( INR 11,500 – INR 19,500)
UAE
AED 900 – 1,200 ( INR 20,500 – INR 27,500)
AED 850 – 1,150 ( INR 19,000 – INR 26,500)
UK
£170 – 220 ( INR 18,000 – INR 23,500)
£160 – 210 ( INR 17,000 – INR 22,500)
Note: Prices can change based on the center. Some may also charge extra if you reschedule. If you want to retake just one part, TEF gives you that option, but it may cost a bit more.
Choosing between TEF and TCF depends on your goals, exam availability, and language strengths. Understanding each test’s focus and flexibility can help you make an informed decision that aligns with immigration, academic, or professional objectives.
Based on Your Goal
Canada Immigration: TEF Canada or TCF Canada can both be used, but TEF may offer more modular flexibility for targeted skill testing.
French Citizenship: TCF IRN is often preferred and widely recognized by the French Ministry of Interior.
University Admissions: TEF Études and TCF DAP are accepted; selection depends on university-specific requirements.
Based on Test Availability
TEF has more global centers and flexible module scheduling, helpful if you have limited test dates.
TCF may have fewer centers for specific versions like DAP or IRN, so early planning is essential.
Based on Strengths in Language Skills
Speaking & Writing: TEF’s modular approach allows focusing on strengths or retaking only weak modules.
Comprehension: TCF’s standardized structure benefits candidates confident in reading and listening skills.
Map your goal, location, and skill strengths before booking. If your priority is modular flexibility, TEF is ideal. If citizenship or standardized recognition is your focus, TCF is the safer choice.
Conclusion
Choosing between TEF vs TCF may seem confusing at first, but understanding their key differences makes it much easier. TEF is great if you are focused on Canada immigration, while TCF works best for French citizenship or academic goals. Both tests evaluate the same core language skills, so your decision mostly depends on your objectives, test flexibility, and convenience.
Remember, preparing well and picking the right exam can make a big difference in your future opportunities. Whether you aim to study, work, or settle in a French-speaking country, this blog has all the insights you need to make an informed choice. Stay confident, plan smart, and take the first step toward your French language journey with clarity and purpose.
If you are still unsure about your options, you can book a free counseling session with upGrad and seek professional guidance! We’d be happy to help you figure this out.
FAQs
Can I switch from TEF to TCF mid-preparation?
Yes, candidates can switch from TEF to TCF if they feel another exam suits their goal better. You may need to register for a new test and follow the eligibility requirements for TCF Canada or TCF for academic purposes, as scores from TEF do not transfer.
Are TEF and TCF results accepted worldwide?
TEF and TCF are recognized in many countries, especially in Canada, France, Belgium, and Switzerland. While TEF is more immigration-focused, TCF is preferred for French academic or citizenship purposes. Always check specific institutions or government authorities before submitting your scores.
Do TEF and TCF offer online exams?
Some TEF modules, like TEF for Studies, may be available in computer-based formats. TCF also offers computer-based testing in select centers. However, fully remote exams are limited, and candidates should confirm availability at official test centers in 2025–26.
Which test is faster to complete, TEF or TCF?
TEF generally takes about three hours, whereas TCF is slightly shorter at 2.5 hours. The difference depends on the number of sections taken. TEF’s modular format can make retakes easier, while TCF requires completing all sections at once, impacting total exam duration.
Can I retake only one section of TEF?
Yes, TEF allows candidates to retake individual modules, such as speaking or listening. This provides flexibility for improving scores without redoing the entire exam. TCF, on the other hand, requires retaking the full test if you want to improve your score in any section.
Is TEF better for Canada PR than TCF?
For Canada PR applications, TEF Canada is widely used and accepted under Express Entry and Quebec immigration programs. TCF Canada is also valid, but TEF offers modular retakes that help candidates optimize their scores for higher CRS points and PR eligibility.
What is the minimum TEF score for Express Entry?
Candidates applying through Express Entry usually need at least CLB 7, which corresponds to a B2 level in TEF Canada. Higher scores like CLB 9 or 10 can significantly improve CRS points, boosting the chances of being invited to apply for Canada PR.
Can TCF scores expire before I apply?
Yes, TCF and TEF scores are valid for two years from the test date. Scores cannot be reused after expiry, so it is crucial to plan your applications carefully. Scheduling exams in alignment with study, work, or immigration timelines is essential in 2025–26.
Are TEF and TCF expensive in India?
The 2025–26 cost of TEF India ranges from INR 18,000 to 22,000, while TCF India ranges from INR 16,000 to 20,000. Fees may vary slightly by center, and additional charges may apply for rescheduling or faster result delivery.
Do universities in France prefer TEF or TCF?
French universities usually accept both TEF and TCF for academic admissions. Some programs may specifically request TCF for Studies or TEF for Studies. Candidates should verify individual university requirements to ensure they submit the correct French language proficiency test scores.
Which test is easier for non-native speakers?
Difficulty depends on personal comfort with French. TEF offers structured modules and retake options, which can be helpful, while TCF has shorter sections and a fixed format. Practice and preparation are key to achieving the desired French language test score.
Can I use TEF or TCF for work permits in France?
Yes, both TEF and TCF can be accepted for certain work permit applications in France, depending on the employer and program requirements. TCF is often preferred for official residency or citizenship processes, while TEF may support professional credential recognition and migration applications.
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