JavaScript converts static pages into interactive pages and improves user interaction. You must incorporate some JS projects to enhance your resume, such as -
To start a simple JavaScript project, follow the basic three steps:
2. Choose the project name and your desired template.
3. Wait till the installation is complete, and then you can start with coding.
JavaScript is a client-side scripting language, meaning it can run in the web browsers on the client-side server. JavaScript is a dynamically-typed, interpreted language.
It is not a compiled language such as C++ or Java. In a compiled language, the source code is passed through a compiler which translates it into bytecode. The machine understands the bytecode and hence executes it. In JavaScript, there is no compiler. Instead, an interpreter reads the JavaScript code and runs it line by line. Many modern browsers use JIT (Just In Time) compilation. It compiles JavaScript to bytecode just as it is about to run.
JavaScript is a must for students and professionals in the web development domain. It is a dynamic language and supports object-oriented, imperative, and declarative styles.
Some key advantages of learning JavaScript are as follows:
You can use Javascript anywhere in a document. You must assess the performance to make it easy for the developers to find your scripts. The standard best practice is to place them at the head of the document. It also ensures that all Javascript has been loaded and executed before the document is displayed.
There are two ways to execute Javascript in a browser:
The most basic way to include Javascript in your HTML code
<script>
var x = 3;
alert(‘hello there, this Javascript is ‘+x)
</script>
This can be included anywhere in the project, and it would be executed. Some places are considered better than other places to put the code. Earlier, it was needed to comment out Javascript with an HTML comment to prevent the browsers from considering the code as HTML. This only applies to old browsers, so we need not incorporate this any longer. But if you use strict XHTML as your DOCTYPE, you must enclose the Javascript into the CDATA block to validate it.
You must add an src attribute to your script element to link an external Javascript file.
<script type="text/javascript" src="testscript.js"></script>
The browser will load the file testscript.js on meeting this element in the page, and execute it. The content inside the script element will be skipped when you provide an src attribute. For example, the following code will load the file testscript.js and execute the code inside it, but it will not run the alert code written inside the script element:
<script type="text/javascript" src="testscript.js">
alert('This code will not be executed);
</script>
It is better to keep the code in an external Javascript file:
JavaScript is a lightweight, robust programming and scripting language executed on a web browser, and it is easy to learn.
Data Types are fundamental to any programming language.
JavaScript can change the content of HTML. It allows three primitive types of data types to work with.
JavaScript also defines NULL (represents no value ) and Undefined (represents undefined value), which define a single value.
It also supports a non-primitive data type known as Object (through which one can access members), Array (Collection of similar values), and RegExp (Regular expression), which is a composite data type. All numbers are defined as floating-point numbers using a 64-bit floating-point format in JavaScript. In JavaScript, it does not make a distinction between integers and floating-point numbers.
JavaScript also has variables like other programming languages. Variables can be taken as names of storage locations. It has two variable types (i.e., Local Variable and Global Variable).
Note: In JS, a and A are different variables, Because JS(JavaScript) variables are case sensitive.
Before using any variable, we must declare it first and the rules for declaring variables in JS, also called Identifiers.
Name: It starts with a to z (or) A to Z, Underscores (_), or ‘$’ sign.
After the first letter, we use Digits (0 to 9).
JS(JavaScript)Variables are declared with the var keyword.
For example, correct declaration of variables.
var a=10;
var _name=”Aasha”;
Incorrect declaration of Variables.
var 56=30;
var *xx=120;
We can also declare multiple variables with “var” keywords.
var name,money;
Example 2:
<script>
var k=5;
var l=4;
var z=k+l;
document.write(z);
</script>
—> Output : 9
JavaScript Local Variables
Example:
<script>
function abc(){
var k=10; // local variable
}
</script>
Example:
<script>
if (20<26){
var a=20; // JS local variable
}
</script>
JavaScript Global Variables
Example:
<script>
var x=100 ; // declared global variable
function xyz(){
document.writeln(x);
}
function abc(){
document.writeln(x);
}
xyz(); //calling JavaScript function
abc(); //calling JavaScript function
</script>
Constants in JS are defined as “const”. The term ‘const’ does not define any constant value. Instead, it defines a constant reference to a value.
Example:
// const variable cannot be reassigned.
const x=1.234567;
x=1.23; // give an error
x=x+1; // give an error
// const variable must be assigned.
const x= 1.234567; // correctly assigned
// const variable must be assigned.
const x;
x=1.234567; //incorrectly assigned.
JS Strings is a set of characters or sequence of characters used for storing and manipulating text or characters.
There are two ways to make strings in JS.
// var string_name=”My name is Thanos”;
var string_name=new String(‘My name is Thanos”);
// new used to create an instance.
JavaScript String Methods help us to work with strings. JS treats primitive values as objects when executing methods of JS String.
Example:
<script>
var string=”helloworld”;
document.write(string.char(5));
</script>
Output: o
Example:
<script>
var string1=”Hello”;
var string2=”world”;
var string3=string1.concat(string2);
document.write(string3);
</script>
Output: ‘Hello world’
Example:
<script>
var string=”hello world is my first printing string”;
var s1=string.indexOf(“world”);
document.write(s1);
</script>
Output: 6
Example:
<script>
var string=”hello world index”;
var s1=string.lastIndexOf(“world”);
document.write(s1);
</script>
Output: 11
Example:
<script>
var string=”HELLO WORLD INDEX”;
var s1=string.toLowerCase();
document.write(s1);
</script>
Output: hello world index
Example:
<script>
var string=”hello world index”;
var s1=string.toUpperCase();
document.write(s1);
</script>
Output: HELLO WORLD INDEX
The starting index is inclusive, and the end index is exclusive.
Example:
<script>
var string=”helloworldindex”;
var s1=string.slice(5,8);
document.write(s1);
</script>
Output: two // 8th position is exclusive
Example:
<script>
var string=” helloworldindex ”;
var s1=string.trim();
document.write(s1);
</script>
Output: ‘helloworldindex’
Example:
<script>
var string=”helloworldindex”;
document.write(string.split(“ ”));
</script>
Output: hello world index
It returns a numerical value, which can be decimal or without the decimal, may be an integer or floating-point.
Example 1 :
// Creating Number object in JS
var s1= new Number(value);
Example 2:
var a=12; //Integer Value
var a=12.456; // floating point
var c=1e12; // Exponent Value
var d=new Number(10); // integer value using Number object
Output: 12 12.456,1000000000000,10
It operates on two numbers, which can be literals, variables, or expressions.
E.g, +,-,*,/,**(exponentiation),%(modulus),++(increment),--(decrement).
Example:
Let a =10+12; //literal
Let c= a+b; //variables
Let c=(a+b)*10; // Expression
<script>
let x = 21;
x++;
let z = x;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = z;
</script>
//the output will be 22
<script>
let x = 21;
x++;
let z = x;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = z;
</script>
//the output will be 20
Example :
=,+=,-=,*=,/=,%=,<<=,>>=,>>>=,&=,^=,|=,**=.
The assignment operator(=): It assigns values to variables.
Example: let a=10;
JavaScript Number Objects
The JavaScript number is used to represent numeric values. The value can be an integer or a floating point. JavaScript follows IEEE standards to represent floating-point numbers.
You can create a number object using the Number () constructor. Here is an example,
var n = new Number(value);
To check if the value is a number, you can use the function NaN(). If the value cannot be converted into a number, the above command returns NaN, i.e., not a number.
To assign a number to a variable, you can follow,
var a = 7; //integer value
var b = 34.7;//floating point value
var c = 7e4;//exponent value, it returns 70000
var x = new Number(16) ;//integer value by number object
The output of the above commands is as follows:
7 34.7 7000 16
JavaScript Number Constants
Following is the list of JavaScript Number Constants:
MIN_VALUE: It returns the minimum value.
MAX_VALUE: It returns the largest value.
POSITIVE_INFINITY: It returns positive infinity, which is an overflow value.
NEGATIVE_INFINITY: It returns negative infinity, which is an overflow value.
NaN: it represents “not a number”.
JavaScript Number functions:
isInteger(): it checks whether the given value is an integer.
isFinite(): it checks if the given value is a finite number.
parseInt(): it converts the string passed in the function into an integer number.
parseFloat(): it converts the string passed in the function into a floating-point number.
toString(): it returns the given number in the form of a string.
toPrecision(): it returns the string representing several specified precision.
toFixed(): it returns a string which is a number with exact digits after a decimal point.
toExponential(): it returns a string representing an exponential notation of the given number.
A JavaScript string is a sequence of characters. The new keyword creates an instance of the string. It can be created in the following two ways:
1. By string literal
The string literal is created using double quotes. The syntax is as follows:
var stringname = "your value";
2. By string object
This is done using the new keyword. The syntax is as follows:
var stringname = new String("string value") ;
JavaScript String Functions:
A JavaScript Boolean is an object that returns either of two values: true or false. The default value of a JavaScript boolean object is false. JavaScript boolean objects can also be created by using a Boolean constructor.
Boolean x = new boolean(value);
JavaScript Boolean properties:
constructor: It returns the reference of the Boolean function used to create the boolean object.
prototype: It allows adding the methods and properties in the Boolean prototype.
JavaScript Boolean functions:
valueOf(): It converts type into Boolean type.
toString(): It converts boolean into string type.
toSource(): It returns the source of a boolean object in string form.
A function in JavaScript is a block of codes written to perform a specific task. Functions enable code reusability. You can define a function once and reuse it by invoking it elsewhere. Hence the two main advantages of functions in JavaScript are as follows:
The syntax to declare a function is as follows:
Function function_name(argument1, argument2, argument3, …… argumentN)
{
// code
}
An example of a function declaration is as follows:
function message()
{
alert(“this is my first message”);
}
A function name can have letters, digits, underscore, and dollar($). The parentheses in function declarations contain arguments separated by commas. Arguments are the values received by the function when invoked. The arguments or parameters behave as local variables inside the function. This means that the local variables are recognized only within the function. Outside the function, these variables need to be defined. Hence, variables with the same name can be used outside the function. When a function is executed, local variables are created - they are deleted when the execution is complete.
Calling a function:
The code inside a function is executed when it is called or invoked. The () operator is used to invoke a function. Calling a function without () will return the object and not the function result.
JS(JavaScript) Arrays: Arrays are the collection of similar types of values or elements.
There are three ways to construct an array in JS(JavaScript):
var array_name=[value1, value2, Value3];
Example:
Const class=[”Class1”,”Class2”,”Class3”];
JavaScript(JS) Array Directly (new keyword):
var array_name=new Array();
Example:
<script>
var x;
var class=new Array();
class[0]=”Akash”;
class[1]=”Vishal”;
class[2]=”John”;
for(x=0;x<class.length;x++){
document.write(class[x] +”<br>”);
}
</script>
JavaScript(JS) Array Constructor: By passing an argument in the constructor to create an instance.
Example:
<script>
var i;
var class=new Array(“John”,”Marry”,”Johnson”);
for(i=0;i<class.length;i++){
document.write(class[i] +”<br>”);
}
</script>
CREATING AN ARRAY: Array literal is the simplest way to create an array in JavaScript. For simplicity, execution speed, and readability, we use an array literal for creating an array. Another way of creating an array is by using ”new Array()”.
Syntax:
const name=[“Ramesh”, ”Mohan”, ”Ram”];
Const name=[];
name[0]=”Ram”;
name[1]=”Rahim”;
name[2]=”Raman”;
JavaScript Loop: for, for/in, for/of, while, do/while are used to iterate the piece of code, which we want to run, repeatedly, each time with a different value.
for loop: it iterates through a block of code for a fixed time interval.
Syntax: for(initialization;condition;increment)
{
//code
}
While loop: If the iteration number is not known to us or we have to throw the loop for an infinite number of iterations, then while loop is to be preferred.
Syntax:
while(condition){
Code to be executed
}
DoWhile Loop: It also iterates the elements for an infinite number of times but at least once for a while code has to be executed whether the condition is true or false.
Syntax:
do{
code
}while(condition);
JS For/in loop: It is used to iterate the properties of an object.
Syntax:
for(key in object){ // key is used to access the value
Code to be executed
}
JS For/of loop: It is used to iterate an object's values, which is already iterated.
Syntax:
for(variable of iterable object) // iterable objects are those which have iterable
//properties.
{ // variable can be declared as const, var or let
Code to be executed
}
JavaScript objects are containers for named values called properties. The properties of an object can be accessed in two ways:
Object methods:
Objects can have methods that can be stored in properties as function definitions. The methods of an object can be accessed as follows:
The browser creates a Document Object Model every time a web page is loaded. The DOM is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard. It is a language-neutral interface that allows scripts and programs to dynamically access and update the structure, style, and content of a document.
There are three parts of the W3C Dom standard.
Core DOM
XML DOM
HTML DOM
Some of the methods of document objects are as follows:
getElementById(): It returns the element having the specified id value.
getElementsByName(): It returns all the elements with the given name value.
getElementsByTagName(): It returns all the elements with the specified tag name.
getElementsByClassName(): It returns all the elements with the specified class name.
write(“string”): This writes the specified string on the document.
writeIn(“string”): It writes the specified string on the document with a newline character at the end
DOM is a programming interface that connects web pages to scripts. It defines how a document should be structured, styled, and accessed. The DOM represents a document through a logic tree. We use events in JavaScript to provide a dynamic interface to web pages. Events use bubbling propagation by default - from parent to child. Events can either be inline in the code or an external JavaScript file.
Suppose we want to make some changes to the occurrence of any event, like loading a web page, form submission, etc. Some common events are as follows:
1. Window event attributes: These events are triggered related to the window object
2. Mouse events: These interactions are through the mouse.
JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation and is a lightweight format for storing and moving data. It is used when data is sent from the server to a webpage. It uses human-readable text to store and transport data objects. Hence, the primary purpose of JSON is to serialize structured data and exchange it over a network.
JSON was derived from the JavaScript/ECMAScript programming language but is language-independent. The format of JSON is syntactically similar to the JavaScript code for creating objects. Therefore, a JavaScript program can easily convert JSON code to JavaScript objects. The JSON format is text only; therefore, JSON data can be easily sent between computers.
JSON allows storing JavaScript objects as text. It enables us to work with data as JavaScript objects. Hence, complicated parsing and translations are required. JavaScript objects can be sent to a server in pure text form.
JSON syntax:
The syntax of JSON is derived from JavaScript object notation syntax. Therefore, it is a subset of JavaScript syntax. The JSON syntax rules are as follows:
A name-value pair is written with a field name in double quotes, followed by a colon, and then a value:
“Name”: ” mary”
AJAX or Asynchronous JavaScript and XML can send and receive data in various formats like XML, HTML, JSON, and text files. With the help of AJAX, web applications can send and receive data without disturbing the display and behavior of the pages. It allows web pages to update asynchronously by exchanging data with the web servers. Therefore, it is possible to update parts of a web page without loading the entire page.
How AJAX works:
AJAX is the JavaScript implementation of partial server requests. The core of AJAX is the XMLHttpRequest object.
Variable = new XMLHttpRequest();
xttp.onload() = function()
{
//what operations to perform
}
JavaScript is an in-demand programming language and is native to web browsers. JavaScript supports skills like dynamic programming, object-oriented programming, and imperative style of programming. It shares many core concepts and capabilities with other programming languages. Hence, it is perfect for beginners who want to learn other programming languages. JavaScript is the most popular and versatile programming language in the world.
Here are a few reasons why JavaScript is suitable for beginners.
It is in-built into the browser. It is compatible with most web browsers, and you can readily access and learn it.
It has a simple, straightforward syntax that is beginner-friendly. It takes less time to learn.
JavaScript is highly in-demand, so the number of programmers learning and working with JavaScript is increasing.
It has a vibrant and growing community. There are numerous forums and discussion groups where you can post your doubts and participate in discussions to learn more from experienced developers.
JavaScript is equipped with many tools to make your job easier.
Now that you know what you can gain through an online vs. offline Javascript course, here’s an overview of the topics included in a standard Javascript course:
Javascript: An Introduction and Why you should learn it
Javascript Fundamentals: Variables and data types
Javascript Fundamentals: Expressions and operators
Flow control
Objects and arrays
Functions and methods
Constructor and Inheritance
Pattern matching with regular expressions
Javascript in browsers.
The Document Object Model (DOM)
How to get input and output
Asynchronous Javascript
Handling web page events.
How to script tables and forms.
Setting up Git and deployment
JavaScript opens up doors to all sorts of high-paying job opportunities. The US Bureau of Labour and Statistics predicts that developer jobs will increase by 15% in 2024. Full-stack developers will be the most sought-after job profiles in the upcoming years. This job has appeared multiple times on the Forbes list as one of the highest-paying jobs. Full-stack developers should be proficient in all aspects of software development, including user experience, databases, and deployment. Therefore, JavaScript is a must-have tool for understanding front-end and back-end development.
The most popular trends that make JavaScript relevant and in-demand are as follows:
Artificial Intelligence is not an unknown term today. It is already revolutionizing the healthcare and marketing industries. It is an emerging field and will continue to grow bigger soon. This also makes it evident that the job opportunities will grow at the same rate. Full-stack developers proficient in JavaScript are highly paid in the fields of Artificial Intelligence.
Blockchain is a distributed database that securely stores data. It is widely used in cryptocurrencies, but it has also found its use in identity management, supply chain management, and smart contracts. Full-stack developers can find many job opportunities in this area as many issues must be addressed.
Many low-code platforms let users from no-technical backgrounds or users who are not highly skilled develop websites and applications. These platforms have inbuilt capabilities to select and use features without explicit coding. These platforms give the option of touch and click and create applications.
Progressive Web Applications (PWAs) combine the features of mobile, web, and desktop applications into one. Websites built as web apps are getting more popular, and most websites are switching to web app versions. JavaScript is the most popular language for full-stack development in this regard. It can be used with many popular frameworks like Angular and NodeJS.
There are around 400 billion active websites on the internet, and the number keeps increasing. The dependence on the internet increases, and hence the focus on web development also rises. JavaScript helps to add many functionalities to web pages. It facilitates smooth interactions between the user and the websites. There has been a massive rise in frontend technologies.
A JavaScript developer can earn around Rs 3 lakhs per annum at entry-level positions. Many developers start as front-end developers and later transition into full-stack developers. This high-paying job is in great demand in the IT industry.
The number of job opportunities and pay for JavaScript developers are high in tech hubs like Bangalore and Hyderabad. Cities like Mumbai and New Delhi also offer good career opportunities.
The popular companies hiring JavaScript specialists in India are as follows:
Accenture
Tata Consultancy Services
Infosys
Wipro
Capgemini
Cognizant
Many product-based companies and startups may pay higher than service-based companies.
The factors on which the JavaScript salary depends are as follows:
The starting salary of a JavaScript developer in India is Rs 2 lakhs per annum, which can go up to Rs 15 lakhs per annum, depending on skills and experience. Some of the job roles available are as follows:
Javascript specialists are most highly paid in the United States. According to Payscale, the average salary of a Javascript developer in the US is $84,000. This can go up to $118,000 based on the experience levels and skillset. Eastern Europe has also become a popular destination for high-paying Javascript developer jobs.
The starting salary of a Javascript developer abroad is $72,000. It is the highest in the United States. In countries like Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Netherlands, etc., the starting salary is $62,000-$68,000 for Javascript specialists.
CNBC, Dice, and Infoworld named Javascript one of the easiest to learn and the most in-demand programming languages. It is the most widely popular language according to HackerRank Developer Skills Report 2020. It is a high-paying job, and the salary can go high depending on experience, skillset, company, etc. Some of the deciding factors are as follows:
The demand for skilled professionals is increasing across companies. They want to recruit candidates who have the required skill set. Even if you are a fresher, companies expect some sort of relevant skills to hire you. In such an accelerating environment, it is necessary to be updated with the recent technologies. Javascript is one of those technical skills that are high in demand, and the demand will be increasing in the upcoming future owing to its versatility and ease of use.
As more companies adopt Javascript, the demand for skilled professionals in javascript also increases. Javascript courses not only teach you the content relevant to current industry trends, but they also help you with hands-on projects to give you some insights into real-world projects. The right course can help you land your dream job. It is vital that you invest wisely and grab the best opportunity.
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Restaurant finder is a basic application that finds restaurants on the basis of their names and shows their details such as timings and menu.
True Value Seller is a static car selling and reselling website. It showcases different promotions and has a ‘Contact Us’ component.
Mobile Cart is a simple frontend application which allows authorised users to add different mobile phones and their respective information on a website which can then be viewed by different users.
The project aims to create a Phone Directory application which allows a user to add subscribers to a service by entering the subscriber’s name and phone number; and delete the subscriber if necessary.
With this application, which is named BookMyMovie, users can browse upcoming and released movies;
HireWheels is a car rental service application.
JavaScript is currently one of the most popular programming languages since it can run on the browser or on the server. It is compatible with most devices since it can run using the JavaScript Engine.
JavaScript is an object-based programming language for use as a client-side language with add-on HTML pages for adding some behaviour to it.
ASP, jaggery.js, MongoDB and Node.js are a few products using server-side JavaScript.
JavaScript can manipulate the HTML elements and also react quickly to user actions. Besides these, it can help send requests to a remote server.
JavaScript is fully integrated with both HTML and CSS. Moreover, all main browsers support JavaScript by default.
JavaScript uses ECMAScript as a scripting language. It is, in fact, a sort of implementation of the ECMAScript. The latter is the standardised JavaScript version.
JavaScript supports data types such as Undefined, Boolean, Null, String, Object, Number and Symbol.
Strict mode applies to an entire script or to individual functions. It never applies to block statements or to close, enclosed by curly braces.
A group of characters or data is a string in JavaScript. No separate character type or single character stays stored in the form of a string.
Such a function will execute after it is defined. It executes code without actually declaring the global. Such a self-executing function type has no name and is an anonymous function.
DOM is a World wide web consortium-related standard created on an HTML page loading in a browser. This defines an HTML element as an object and also allows scripts to manipulate content dynamically along with the document structure.
Browser Object Model or BOM provides interactions with a browser. A window is the default object for a browser. The properties that windows provide are a document, the history, the screen, the location, and the navigator.
Such a property depicts a “Not-a-Number” linked value. The value it shows isn’t a legal number. A type of NaN might return a Number. When you need to check if the value is NaN, use the isNaN() function.
The history object of a browser can help switch to history pages.
Timers help operates any piece of code at specific times. These also help to iterate code in a specific interval.