UKMLA vs PLAB – Key Differences for International Medical Graduates

The path to becoming a licensed doctor in the UK is changing. For many years, the PLAB (Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board) exam has been the main route for international medical graduates (IMGs) seeking GMC registration. But now, a new system is being introduced.

Starting in 2024, the General Medical Council (GMC) has begun introducing the UKMLA (UK Medical Licensing Assessment) as a standard test for all doctors, whether trained in the UK or overseas. PLAB is still active but is gradually being replaced. If you're planning your medical career in the UK, it's essential to know which exam applies to you and how they are different.

UKMLA and PLAB – An Overview of Medical Licensing in the UK

The UK uses national licensing exams to ensure that all practicing doctors—regardless of where they studied—are safe and competent. The PLAB exam was designed specifically for international medical graduates (IMGs), while the UKMLA introduces a single licensing standard for everyone, including both UK graduates and IMGs.

Key Roles of GMC:

• Regulates all doctors in the UK
• Ensures patients receive safe, high-quality care
• Designs and oversees both PLAB and UKMLA exams

By transitioning from PLAB to UKMLA, the GMC aims to standardize the assessment criteria so that UK and international graduates are judged using the same yardstick. This makes things fairer, but also introduces a new learning curve for IMGs.

Purpose and Scope of UKMLA vs PLAB

Understanding why each exam exists and who it targets helps you decide which one applies to you—and when you should take it.

Purpose of PLAB

PLAB was built to evaluate the knowledge and clinical skills of IMGs to determine if they can safely practice at the level of a UK Foundation Year 2 doctor.

PLAB is meant for:

• Doctors who completed their medical education outside the UK
• Those who want to register with the GMC
• Candidates seeking a pathway into UK medical practice

It does not grant specialization or long-term career advancement, but it is the first step toward employment and training.

Purpose of UKMLA

UKMLA is the new standard exam for all doctors applying for a UK license, regardless of where they completed medical school.

UKMLA is meant to:

• Replace PLAB over time
• Standardize testing for both UK and international graduates
• Ensure fairness and equal expectations for every doctor entering UK practice

Unlike PLAB, which only applies to IMGs, UKMLA will also be part of UK medical students’ final year assessment starting in 2024.

Structure and Format of UKMLA Vs PLAB

The structure of a medical licensing exam matters because it determines how you prepare. While both PLAB and UKMLA follow a two-part format, their focus, assessment tools, and exam experience vary in important ways. 

PLAB was created with international medical graduates in mind, whereas UKMLA introduces a standardised approach for all doctors in the UK. Let’s explore each in detail.

PLAB Exam Format

PLAB assesses whether international graduates have the skills and knowledge expected of a UK Foundation Year 2 doctor. It is made up of two stages: PLAB 1, a written test, and PLAB 2, a practical clinical assessment.

PLAB has helped thousands of doctors enter the UK medical system. It is well-established, and most international graduates are familiar with its structure. Here's a breakdown:

Component	Type	Duration	Mode	Description
PLAB 1	Written (MCQs)	3 hours	Computer-based	180 scenario-based questions testing clinical reasoning, diagnosis, and treatment
PLAB 2	Practical (OSCE)	~2.5 hours	In-person (UK only)	18 clinical stations assessing communication, history-taking, physical examination, and interpersonal skills

Important: PLAB 2 requires travel to the UK, so candidates must also consider visa and accommodation expenses.

UKMLA Exam Format

UKMLA introduces a new, standardised format for both UK and international graduates. It also has two parts: a computer-based knowledge test (AKT) and a clinical skills assessment (CPSA), aiming to align all doctors with a consistent UK standard.

As the new system set to replace PLAB, the UKMLA brings some structural improvements. It focuses not just on knowledge but also on professionalism and alignment with UK medical standards. Here’s how it works:

Component	Type	Duration	Mode	Description
AKT (Applied Knowledge Test)	Written (MCQs)	~3 hours	Computer-based	Assesses applied clinical knowledge based on GMC’s MLA Content Map
CPSA (Clinical and Professional Skills Assessment)	Practical (OSCE-style)	Varies	In-person (UK only)	Tests hands-on skills, communication, clinical judgment, and ethical behaviour

Note: The CPSA format may vary depending on whether you're taking it as a UK graduate or as an IMG. However, the content and expected standards remain consistent.

Eligibility Criteria for UKMLA Vs PLAB

You’ll need to meet certain basic criteria before taking either PLAB or UKMLA. These include medical qualifications, English language proficiency, and official document verification.

Before you even think about registering for PLAB or UKMLA, it’s essential to understand the eligibility rules. These criteria make sure that only qualified and capable candidates take the test, keeping UK healthcare safe and consistent. 

Let’s look at the exact requirements for both exams if you're an IMG.

Eligibility for PLAB

To take the PLAB exam, you must hold a recognised medical degree, have completed internship training, prove English language skills, and complete document verification. These conditions are strictly checked by the General Medical Council (GMC).

PLAB is designed specifically for IMGs who want to work as doctors in the UK. Before you can register for PLAB 1, make sure you tick the following boxes:

• Primary Medical Qualification (PMQ)
  • You must have completed your medical degree from a university listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools
  • The GMC must recognise your institution as acceptable for registration
• Internship or Clinical Experience
  • You should have completed at least 12 months of internship or supervised clinical practice
  • The internship should cover major medical specialties (e.g., medicine, surgery)
• English Language Proficiency
  You must prove your ability to communicate effectively in English through one of the following:

Test	Minimum Requirement
IELTS (Academic)	Overall score: 7.5, no section below 7.0
OET (Medicine)	Grade B in all sub-tests (Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking)

Document Verification via EPIC

• All your qualifications must be verified through the Electronic Portfolio of International Credentials (EPIC)
• This ensures your degree is authentic and issued by a recognised body

Note: You can only proceed to PLAB 2 after successfully passing PLAB 1 and completing all GMC documentation steps.

For more detailed information, read: PLAB Eligibility 2025: Who Can Apply for the Exam?

Eligibility for UKMLA

For international graduates, UKMLA will soon replace PLAB. It has similar eligibility requirements, but applies to all new doctors seeking GMC registration after 2025, making it the new standard for entry into UK practice.

The UKMLA is not just for UK-trained doctors—it will become mandatory for all IMGs applying after 2025. While the eligibility rules are similar to PLAB, they reflect a more unified system.

UKMLA Eligibility Requirements for IMGs:

• GMC Registration Pathway (Post-2025)
  • You should be applying for full registration with the GMC after 2025, when UKMLA becomes mandatory
• Recognised Medical Degree
  • Just like PLAB, your primary medical qualification must be from a GMC-approved university
  • The university should be listed in the World Directory and flagged as “acceptable.”
• English Language Requirements
  • These are the same as PLAB:
    • IELTS Academic: Overall 7.5, minimum 7.0 in each section
    • OET Medicine: Grade B in all sub-tests
• Credential Verification
  • You may be required to submit documents for EPIC verification, just like PLAB
  • Additional checks may be introduced as the UKMLA rollout continues

Important Update:
From 2025–26, the UKMLA will become the only exam accepted for GMC registration. PLAB will be fully phased out, so all new IMG applicants must plan accordingly.

Exam Centers and Availability

The location and frequency of each exam part play a crucial role in your planning, especially if you’re outside the UK.

• PLAB 1 is offered at various international locations:
  • India, Pakistan, Nigeria, UAE, Egypt, among others
• PLAB 2 is only available in Manchester, UK
• UKMLA AKT (for IMGs) is expected to be delivered at GMC-accredited testing centers in the UK (more centers may open post-2025)
• UKMLA CPSA will likely be held in clinical settings, starting in the UK

✔ Tip: Always book early—slots for both PLAB 2 and UKMLA CPSA are limited.

Also Read: PLAB Test Centre Guide 2025: Find the Best Locations Now

Exam Timeline and Transition Plan: UKMLA Vs PLAB

The transition from PLAB to UKMLA is being implemented step by step. While UK graduates have already started taking the UKMLA, international medical graduates (IMGs) will follow a phased timeline leading up to full implementation in 2026.

The General Medical Council (GMC) has designed a gradual rollout of the UKMLA to ensure clarity and fairness for all candidates, especially IMGs. 

Understanding this timeline is crucial so you can decide whether to pursue PLAB now or prepare for UKMLA shortly.

Year	Milestone
2024	All UK medical students begin taking the UKMLA as part of their degree.
2025	UKMLA becomes available for IMGs applying for GMC registration.
2026	UKMLA becomes mandatory for all IMGs applying for registration. PLAB is phased out.

What does this mean for IMGs?

• If you are planning to apply for GMC registration before 2026, you still have the option to take the PLAB route.
• If you have already passed PLAB 1, you will be allowed to continue with PLAB 2, provided you complete the process before PLAB is retired.
• Starting in 2025, IMGs can choose to take the UKMLA instead of PLAB. This applies only to those who meet all eligibility criteria and are ready for the new format.
• After January 2026, the UKMLA will become the only acceptable exam for all international applicants. PLAB will no longer be available for new candidates.

The current phase allows for flexibility, but this will change by 2026. If you're close to meeting PLAB requirements now, it may be practical to proceed with it. 

However, if you're still a few years away from applying, it's best to start preparing for the UKMLA, which will soon become the standard gateway to UK medical practice.

Result Declaration and Validity: UKMLA Vs PLAB

After passing PLAB or UKMLA, your results are valid for a limited time to allow you to complete the GMC registration process. Each exam has its timeline for result declaration and rules around result validity.

Understanding when results are released and how long they remain valid is essential for planning your next steps, especially for booking subsequent exams or applying for GMC registration. Below is a breakdown of result timelines and validity for both PLAB and UKMLA.

PLAB Results and Validity

PLAB results are released within a few weeks after each exam. However, the validity of the result—especially PLAB 2—is critical because it sets a deadline for completing the GMC registration process.

• PLAB 1 Results
  • Released approximately 4 to 6 weeks after the exam date
  • Results are available through the GMC Online account
• PLAB 2 Results
  • Released approximately 2 to 4 weeks post-exam
  • Also published on the GMC Online portal
• Validity Period
  • Once you pass PLAB 2, your result is valid for 2 years
  • You must complete your GMC registration within this 2-year window
  • If you fail to register within this time, you may be required to retake the exam

UKMLA Results and Validity

The UKMLA is still being phased in, and result timelines for international candidates are based on current estimates. While similar to PLAB, its exact validity rules for IMGs have not yet been finalised.

• Applied Knowledge Test (AKT)
  • Expected to be computer-scored
  • Results are likely to be released within 4 to 6 weeks
• Clinical and Professional Skills Assessment (CPSA)
  • Involves structured examiner scoring
  • Results may take around 3 to 6 weeks after the exam
• Validity Period (For IMGs)
  • As of now, the GMC has not published an official validity period for UKMLA results for international medical graduates
  • More clarity is expected closer to 2025–26, when the UKMLA becomes mandatory for IMGs

While PLAB timelines are fixed and predictable, the UKMLA still has some elements being fine-tuned for international candidates. 

If you're applying before 2026, PLAB provides more certainty. If you're preparing for UKMLA, keep an eye on GMC updates regarding result validity and deadlines for registration.

Cost and Financial Considerations: UKMLA Vs PLAB

Planning for exam costs is crucial, especially for IMGs who may need to travel to the UK for practical exams. Both PLAB and UKMLA involve written and clinical components, each with separate fees and additional associated expenses.

Preparing to take PLAB or UKMLA isn’t just about passing the exam—it’s also about making sure you can afford the entire process. From test fees to travel and accommodation, the total cost can be significant, particularly for candidates outside the UK.

Component	PLAB	UKMLA (expected)
Written Test	£255 (INR 27,000)	Similar (~£255 estimated)
Practical Test	£934 (INR 99,900)	To Be Decided (likely similar or slightly higher)
Travel to the UK	Required for PLAB 2	Likely required for CPSA
Total (Approx.)	~£1,189 (INR 1.25 Lakhs)	Slightly higher overall

Note: The amount mentioned above may vary due to fluctuating exchange rates.

Also Read: PLAB Exam Fees 2025: Updated Costs for PLAB 1 & PLAB 2

Syllabus and Knowledge Domains: UKMLA Vs PLAB

Both PLAB and UKMLA assess core clinical knowledge and patient care skills. However, UKMLA follows a more structured format, guided by the GMC's official content map, offering clarity on what candidates are expected to know.

PLAB Syllabus

PLAB tests whether an international medical graduate can work at the level of a UK Foundation Year 2 doctor. The focus is on real-life clinical scenarios rather than a fixed syllabus.

Key areas covered:

• Diagnosis and management of common conditions
• Clinical judgment and patient safety
• Communication and professionalism
• Understanding of UK medical practice based on Good Medical Practice guidelines

There is no fixed content map, but questions are based on what a safe junior doctor should know in the NHS.

For more information, read: PLAB Exam Syllabus: What is Covered in PLAB Part 1 & 2

UKMLA Syllabus

UKMLA is based on the MLA Content Map, a structured list of the knowledge and skills required for safe UK practice. It applies to both UK graduates and IMGs.

Covered Domains:

• Clinical presentations (e.g., chest pain, shortness of breath)
• Conditions (e.g, hypertension, diabetes, infections)
• Tasks and investigations (e.g, ECG interpretation, blood tests)
• Professionalism, ethics, and communication
• UK healthcare system protocols
• Patient safety and emergency care

AKT covers theoretical knowledge through MCQs, while CPSA tests clinical skills in a structured OSCE-like format.

PLAB is broader and scenario-based, while UKMLA offers a defined structure through the MLA Content Map. For UKMLA aspirants, referring to the GMC-published content map is key for efficient and targeted preparation.

Preparation Approach and Resources

A clear preparation strategy can make a significant difference in passing either PLAB or UKMLA. Both exams test UK-based medical standards, so relying on the right resources and practicing consistently is key for success.

PLAB Preparation

PLAB preparation focuses heavily on clinical scenarios and communication skills. Candidates often rely on widely used study platforms and guides created specifically for international doctors.

Recommended Resources:

• PLABable – Most popular MCQ practice platform for PLAB 1
• Samson Notes – Concise revision guide covering key clinical topics
• OSCE Video Series – Useful for PLAB 2 practice, focusing on consultation style, empathy, and physical exams
• Study Groups & Forums – Reddit’s r/PLAB, Telegram groups, and Facebook communities offer peer support and updated strategies
• Mock Exams & Timed Tests – Simulating real exam conditions improves time management

Suggested Timeline:

• 3–6 months of focused preparation recommended (longer if part-time)
• Balance theory with hands-on practice, especially for PLAB 2

For more information, read: How to Prepare for PLAB 2 Exam: Dates & Syllabus

UKMLA Preparation (H3)

UKMLA prep is best approached through the official MLA Content Map. Since this is a newer exam, study techniques are still evolving, but aligning with UK clinical standards is essential.

Suggested Resources:

• MLA Content Map (GMC website) – Primary source to structure study plan
• UK-based Clinical Textbooks – Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Examination, etc.
• NICE Guidelines – Understanding UK diagnostic and treatment protocols
• OSCE Practice Courses – Online or in-person sessions targeting CPSA-style assessments
• University Preparation Material – Some UK medical schools may publish preparatory content or mock stations
• Official Sample Questions – GMC is developing examples for the AKT and CPSA formats (keep checking their updates)

Preparation Notes:

• As the UKMLA becomes standard, more structured resources are expected to become available
• Practicing clinical reasoning and patient interaction in a UK context is key

For both exams, early planning, daily practice, and using exam-specific resources are essential. While PLAB prep is supported by a wide range of community-created tools, UKMLA preparation should revolve around the official GMC framework and align with NHS clinical practices.

Pros and Cons of UKMLA Vs PLAB

Choosing between PLAB and UKMLA depends on your timeline, preparation preference, and familiarity with UK systems. Here's a side-by-side look to help you weigh the benefits and limitations of both exams.

Factor	PLAB	UKMLA
Familiarity	Well-established; used for years	Newer system; still rolling out
Resources	Extensive study guides and platforms	Limited but growing; official map available
Fairness	Designed specifically for IMGs	Same standard for UK grads and IMGs
Cost Clarity	Transparent and fixed	Yet to be fully confirmed
Transition	Still available till 2026	Mandatory after 2026 for all IMGs

PLAB remains a solid, reliable route for IMGs applying in the short term. But for long-term applicants—especially those targeting 2025 and beyond—the UKMLA will be the required and uniform path. Aligning your prep with your timeline is key to making the right choice.

Conclusion

The choice between UKMLA vs PLAB depends mainly on your medical graduation timeline and when you plan to apply for GMC registration. PLAB continues to be a valid and well-supported option for now, especially for candidates applying before 2026. However, the UKMLA is the future of medical licensing in the UK, promising a unified, fairer, and more structured system for both UK graduates and international medical graduates.

As the transition progresses, staying informed, choosing the right preparation resources, and aligning your goals with exam timelines will be crucial. Whether you're taking the familiar PLAB route or preparing for the upcoming UKMLA, the end goal remains the same—earning the right to practice safely and confidently in the UK’s healthcare system.