How to Become a Hacker: An 8-Step Guide for Beginners in 2025

To become a hacker in 2025, it's crucial to learn the essential skills needed to protect digital systems and networks. Ethical hacking focuses on identifying security vulnerabilities to safeguard systems. This differs from malicious hacking, which exploits weaknesses for harm.

Ethical hackers play a key role in preventing cyber threats and protecting digital infrastructure. This guide will take you step-by-step through the process of learning to hack responsibly. You’ll develop skills such as penetration testing, risk analysis, and understanding the ethics behind hacking. By following this guide, you will gain the expertise to become a skilled, responsible hacker.

How to Become a Hacker in India? 8 Steps to Success

Hacking involves identifying and addressing weaknesses in systems or networks, but it’s crucial to distinguish between malicious and ethical hacking. Ethical hackers focus on protecting systems by finding and fixing security vulnerabilities. They conduct penetration testing and vulnerability assessments to ensure digital infrastructures are secure.

As ethical hackers, you'll be responsible for safeguarding sensitive data, preventing cyberattacks, and helping organizations stay compliant with cybersecurity regulations. By building stronger security systems, you’ll protect digital assets and maintain trust.

Here’s how aspiring hackers in India can build real-world skills to land roles in incident response, SOC teams, or vulnerability research, and kickstart a successful career in cybersecurity.

Key Reasons to Become a Hacker

The demand for skilled ethical hackers is rapidly growing in India, driven by the increasing frequency of cyberattacks and the need to protect sensitive digital infrastructure.

• Growing Demand for Cybersecurity Professionals: With the rise in cyber threats, ethical hackers are crucial in protecting systems across industries. For example, in sectors like banking and fintech, ethical hackers safeguard payment gateways, ensuring secure UPI transactions and preventing financial fraud.
• Lucrative Career Prospects and Diverse Opportunities: As technology becomes more ingrained in daily life, job opportunities for ethical hackers are booming. In India's expanding healthtech industry, ethical hackers help secure patient data and medical records, while those in cybersecurity consulting advise companies on robust protection strategies, all with high-paying roles.
• Safeguarding Digital Assets: Ethical hackers play a key role in defending against cybercrimes. They protect sensitive data for businesses and individuals, ensuring that organizations in sectors like e-commerce and government can securely store and manage customer information without fear of breaches.

Start your journey toward a successful career in ethical hacking and cybersecurity. These comprehensive courses provide a solid foundation, covering everything from programming basics to penetration testing, ethical hacking, and data security protocols with hands-on projects:

• AI-Powered Full Stack Development Course by IIITB
• Executive Diploma in Data Science & AI
• Executive Post Graduate Certificate Programme in Data Science & AI

Becoming a skilled ethical hacker in India requires a mix of theoretical knowledge, practical experience, and continuous learning. If you're wondering how to become a hacker, this step-by-step guide will help you develop the essential ethical hacker skills, focusing on penetration testing and identifying security vulnerabilities.

Also read: What is Ethical Hacking? How to Become an Ethical Hacker?

Step 1 - Build a Strong Foundation in Programming Languages

To successfully become a hacker, a solid understanding of programming languages is crucial. Programming enables you to understand how systems work, find vulnerabilities, and create tools for ethical hacking. If you're wondering how to become a hacker, mastering these languages will equip you to automate tasks, write security scripts, and exploit vulnerabilities effectively.

• Python: Widely used for writing scripts, automating tasks, and building security tools. Python is beginner-friendly and powerful, making it essential for both novice and advanced hackers.
• C&C++: These languages are fundamental for understanding low-level security, especially related to memory management, buffer overflows, and system vulnerabilities.
• JavaScript: Learning JavaScript is crucial for understanding web vulnerabilities, such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and securing web applications.
• Bash/Shell scripting: Useful for automating tasks in Linux environments, which ethical hackers commonly use for their flexibility and control over system operations.

Example: With Python, you can automate network scanning using libraries like Scapy or Nmap. For instance, using Python and Scapy, you can write a script that detects open ports on a target machine, which is a critical step in penetration testing to identify potential entry points into a system.

Also read: C++ Tutorial: The Complete Guide

Step 2 - Learn Networking and Operating System Fundamentals

Understanding networking and operating system fundamentals is critical to how to become a hacker. Networks are the backbone of all digital communications, and many vulnerabilities exist at this level. A solid grasp of networking protocols and operating systems helps you understand how data flows and where potential weaknesses may lie.

• Networking Protocols: Learn key protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, DNS, and others that control communication between systems. This knowledge is essential for penetration testing and understanding network-based attacks.
• Operating Systems: Linux is widely used by ethical hackers due to its open-source nature and security features. A strong understanding of Linux, as well as familiarity with Windows, will help you navigate systems and exploit security flaws.
• Firewalls and Routers: Understanding how firewalls, routers, and other network devices operate is crucial for testing network security and bypassing protections.

Example: You can use tools like Nmap to scan a network and identify open ports. For instance, scanning a server with the nmap -sT command helps identify services running on the target, which may expose vulnerabilities that ethical hackers can use to access the system.

Step 3 - Gain Hands-On Experience Through Labs and CTF Challenges

Practical experience is indispensable when learning how to become a hacker. Participating in Capture the Flag (CTF) challenges and setting up personal labs are two ways to gain hands-on experience with real-world hacking scenarios. This allows you to apply the concepts you've learned in a controlled, safe environment.

• CTF Challenges: Platforms like Hack The Box, TryHackMe, and OverTheWire provide simulated environments for hackers to practice exploiting security vulnerabilities. These challenges cover a wide range of topics, including web security, cryptography, and reverse engineering.
• Building Your Own Lab: Set up virtual machines (VMs) to create isolated environments where you can safely practice attacking and defending systems. Using tools like Metasploit and Burp Suite helps you gain practical experience with hacking and securing systems.

Example: Participating in a CTF challenge on Hack The Box might involve exploiting a vulnerable web application to retrieve a flag. For example, you might find and exploit a SQL injection vulnerability in the app, using penetration testing skills to bypass authentication and retrieve sensitive data.

Step 4 - Specialize in an Ethical Hacking Domain (e.g., Web Security, Network Security)

Once you’ve mastered the basics, choose a focus area like web security, mobile security, or cloud security to deepen your penetration testing expertise. Specializing will help you hone in on specific areas of vulnerability and become an expert in defending those domains.

• Web Security: Focus on vulnerabilities in web applications such as SQL injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). Tools like Burp Suite are invaluable for testing web apps.
• Network Security: Specialize in securing and attacking network infrastructures. Understanding firewalls, routers, and Wi-Fi security is key here.
• Mobile Security: With the increase in mobile apps, penetration testing on Android and iOS apps is another growing field.

Example: Specializing in web security allows you to perform penetration testing on popular CMS platforms like WordPress, looking for vulnerabilities such as outdated plugins, weak passwords, or insecure user authentication mechanisms that attackers often exploit.

Step 5 - Earn Essential Certifications (e.g., CEH, OSCP)

Certifications validate your ethical hacker skills and boost your credibility in cybersecurity. If you're wondering how to become a hacker, earning recognized certifications like CEH or OSCP demonstrates expertise and opens doors to high-paying jobs, making you more competitive in the job market.

• Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH): One of the most recognized certifications in ethical hacking. CEH focuses on security vulnerabilities, network security, and tools used in ethical hacking.
• Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP): A highly regarded hands-on certification that focuses on penetration testing and real-world hacking challenges.
• CompTIA Security+: A foundational certification that covers basic cybersecurity principles, threats, and vulnerabilities.

Example: After earning the OSCP, you'll have hands-on experience in penetration testing, performing security assessments on live systems and networks, making you ready to take on real-world hacking scenarios in the cybersecurity industry.

Step 6 - Develop a Professional Network in Cybersecurity

Building a network with professionals in the field is crucial for career growth. If you're wondering how to become a hacker, networking helps you gain mentorship, job referrals, and stay updated on the latest trends and technologies in ethical hacking. It's a valuable way to connect with industry experts and advance your career.

• Attend Cybersecurity Conferences: Participate in events like DEF CON, Black Hat, or local security meetups to connect with experts in the field.
• Join Online Communities: Platforms like LinkedIn, Reddit, and specialized cybersecurity forums allow you to engage with professionals and learn from their experiences.
• Contribute to Open-Source Projects: Engaging in open-source security projects will expose you to real-world challenges while expanding your network.

Example: Networking with cybersecurity professionals on LinkedIn can lead to job offers or internship opportunities in the ethical hacking field, helping you gain practical exposure while making valuable connections.

Step 7 - Participate in Bug Bounty Programs and Open-Source Projects

Participating in bug bounty programs allows you to find and report vulnerabilities in widely used software and applications. This is a great way to practice real-world hacking and gain recognition in the cybersecurity community.

• Bug Bounty Platforms: Programs like HackerOne and Bugcrowd offer rewards for identifying vulnerabilities in popular platforms, giving you practical experience in identifying security vulnerabilities.
• Open-Source Contributions: Many cybersecurity projects are open-source, and contributing to these projects allows you to learn and improve your ethical hacker skills.

Example: Reporting vulnerabilities on Bugcrowd could help you earn rewards while building a reputation as a skilled ethical hacker in the security community, potentially opening doors to full-time job offers.

Step 8 - Stay Updated with Emerging Cybersecurity Threats and Technologies

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, and staying competitive requires keeping up with the latest threats, tools, and techniques. If you're wondering how to become a hacker, follow cybersecurity blogs, read research papers, and subscribe to security news platforms to stay informed about the newest trends and best practices in the field.

• Follow Cybersecurity Blogs: Websites like Krebs on Security and Dark Reading provide insights into the latest threats and trends in the cybersecurity space.
• Attend Webinars and Online Courses: Platforms like upGrad offer specialized courses on new hacking techniques, vulnerability assessments, and penetration testing tools.
• Participate in Security Research: Stay informed about newly discovered vulnerabilities by reading research papers and whitepapers from security experts.

Example: For instance, if a new vulnerability like Heartbleed (which affected OpenSSL) is discovered, staying updated would allow you to understand its impact, immediately implement defensive measures, and know how to penetrate test systems that may be exposed to similar vulnerabilities.

Also Read: Cybersecurity Frameworks: Types, Benefits, and Best Practices

Now that you have a clear roadmap for becoming a hacker, let's dive deeper into the essential skills you'll need to succeed in this ever-evolving field.

Must-Have Skills to Become a Hacker in 2025

Becoming a skilled hacker in 2025 requires mastering both technical and soft skills. The evolving cybersecurity landscape demands that hackers not only understand the tools and techniques but also develop the mindset to tackle complex security challenges. If you're wondering how to become a hacker, here are the essential skills you need to succeed in the field of ethical hacking.

Technical Skills Required to be a Hacker in India

When landing a career in ethical hacking, technical skills are essential. Understanding how these skills show up in real-world job roles can help you focus on what recruiters look for in interviews and projects. Let’s break down the key skills required at different stages of your journey—from beginner to advanced levels—and see how they apply to specific job roles like penetration testers, security analysts, and vulnerability assessors.

Beginner Level:

• Programming Basics (Python, JavaScript, SQL):
  • Python: As a beginner, mastering Python is crucial. It’s commonly used for scripting tasks and building simple hacking tools, like network scanners. It helps you get comfortable with automation and penetration testing scripts.
  • JavaScript: Knowledge of JavaScript is key for ethical hackers working with web security. At the beginner level, you'll focus on identifying basic web vulnerabilities like Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
  • SQL: Understanding SQL basics is essential for performing SQL injection attacks and protecting databases. As a beginner, you’ll start with simple queries and focus on how attackers exploit vulnerabilities in web applications.

Intermediate Level:

• Networking Protocols:
  • TCP/IP & HTTP: As you gain experience, a deeper understanding of networking protocols like TCP/IP and HTTP will become vital. These protocols are the foundation of communication across networks. You'll need to understand data flow and apply this knowledge to detect network vulnerabilities.
  • Wi-Fi Security & Firewalls: Understanding how firewalls and Wi-Fi security protocols (e.g., WPA, WPA2) function is critical at this level. It helps you perform network penetration testing and find weaknesses in wireless networks.

Advanced Level:

• Penetration Testing & Vulnerability Assessment:
  • Penetration Testing: Tools like Metasploit, Burp Suite, and Kali Linux are your go-to tools at this stage. Advanced ethical hackers simulate complex attacks on networks, applications, and systems. As an expert, you’ll conduct comprehensive penetration tests to uncover security flaws.
  • Vulnerability Assessment: At this advanced stage, you’ll conduct in-depth vulnerability scans. You'll identify critical security gaps in infrastructures and recommend solutions that protect against cyber threats. Your findings will be key to improving security protocols.

Real-World Job Roles and How These Skills Are Applied:

• Penetration Testers: Penetration testers use tools like Metasploit and Python scripts to conduct controlled cyberattacks on systems, identifying security flaws. They focus on exploiting vulnerabilities to assess an organization’s security posture.
• Security Analysts: Security analysts specialize in identifying threats across networks, analyzing potential security risks, and setting up firewalls and encryption protocols. They need a strong understanding of networking protocols and system vulnerabilities.
• Vulnerability Assessors: These professionals run vulnerability scans and assess infrastructure security. They use tools like Burp Suite, Nmap, and Nessus to identify weaknesses in applications and networks.

Soft Skills Required to be a Hacker in India

While proficiency in programming, networking protocols, and penetration testing is key to roles like penetration testers and security analysts, soft skills also play a significant role in achieving success in ethical hacking. These skills help hackers navigate challenges and collaborate effectively in the workplace.

Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills:

• Critical Thinking: The ability to think analytically allows ethical hackers to identify unconventional vulnerabilities and develop unique ways to exploit weaknesses. For example, a bug bounty hunter might have to identify obscure vulnerabilities that aren’t covered by standard testing scripts. Their critical thinking leads them to find novel attack vectors that others miss.
• Problem-Solving: Hacking often involves overcoming obstacles, such as bypassing security measures or accessing locked systems. A red teamer, for instance, might face complex security measures during a penetration test. They must use creative, out-of-the-box strategies to simulate attacks, test defenses, and identify gaps in a system’s security.

Ethical Awareness and Responsible Conduct:

• Ethical Awareness: Ethical hackers must understand the legal and ethical boundaries of hacking. For instance, when performing a bug bounty program, a hacker must work within the guidelines of the program, ensuring they only target specified areas and report vulnerabilities responsibly. This ensures no harm is done, and the hacker’s actions remain legal and ethical.
• Responsible Conduct: Hackers must adhere to strict ethical standards, ensuring that their actions benefit the organization’s security. A red teamer, when identifying vulnerabilities during a test, ensures they only exploit them to the extent necessary to prove the security flaws. Their responsible conduct maintains the integrity of the testing process and protects sensitive data.

Communication Skills for Reporting and Teamwork:

• Reporting Vulnerabilities: Clear communication is vital when reporting vulnerabilities and explaining technical findings to non-technical stakeholders. For instance, when a vulnerability is found during a penetration test, the ethical hacker needs to report it in a way that’s accessible to executives or non-technical team members. They must translate complex technical issues into actionable recommendations, ensuring decision-makers understand the severity and implications of the security risks.
• Team Collaboration: While ethical hacking can sometimes be an individual pursuit, hackers often work with teams of security professionals. A security analyst working in an organization might collaborate with incident response teams, engineers, and executives to formulate a comprehensive security strategy. Effective collaboration ensures that multiple perspectives are considered, leading to a more robust and efficient defense against potential threats.

Also read: The Ultimate Guide to Becoming a Cybersecurity Analyst

With a strong understanding of the essential skills required, it’s time to explore the best tools and resources that can help you sharpen your ethical hacking abilities.

15 Best Apps to Learn Ethical Hacking Skills

Career paths in ethical hacking require technical skills like programming, networking, and penetration testing. Ethical hacking is a valuable skill in cybersecurity, and these apps help you develop the core skills needed to become a proficient hacker. Both paid and free apps offer learning paths, practical exercises, and certifications to master ethical hacker skills.

How to Choose the Best Ethical Hacking App Based on Your Goals

• For Beginners: Start with gamified labs and basic content. Platforms like TryHackMe offer interactive, beginner-friendly learning to help you get hands-on with penetration testing.
• For Certification Preparation: If you're ready to get job-ready, platforms like OSCP and EC-Council focus on advanced penetration testing and certification preparation, giving you the skills to pass exams like CEH and OSCP.
• For Hands-On Real-World Experience: If you're looking to simulate real-world penetration tests or red team engagements, platforms like Hack The Box and SANS Institute offer in-depth labs and scenarios to improve your attack simulation skills.

Paid Apps to Learn Ethical Hacking

These paid apps provide in-depth, structured courses, hands-on labs, and industry-recognized certifications to boost your skills in ethical hacking.

1. Hack The Box (HTB)

Hack The Box is a popular online platform that simulates real-world penetration testing scenarios. It offers a variety of machines and challenges designed to improve your ethical hacking skills. HTB provides a hands-on environment where you can practice exploiting vulnerabilities and learn how to solve complex security issues. The platform is designed to cater to hackers of all skill levels, from beginners to advanced users.

Best for: Hands-on penetration testing and real-world attack simulations.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Penetration testing across various platforms and systems
  • Exploit vulnerabilities in web applications and servers
  • Real-world attack simulations and network security challenges
  • Bypass network defenses and firewall security
  • Use tools like Burp Suite, Metasploit, and Nmap for exploitation
• Real-World Outcome: Helps prepare you for offensive security and penetration testing roles, simulating a red team engagement.
• Advantages:
  • Offers hands-on, real-world penetration testing scenarios
  • Supports all skill levels, from beginners to experts
  • Vibrant community for collaboration
• Disadvantages:
  • Requires a paid subscription for advanced access
  • No structured lessons, so some prior knowledge is necessary

2. Offensive Security (OSCP)

OSCP is one of the most challenging and respected certifications in cybersecurity. It focuses on real-world penetration testing and vulnerability assessment techniques. This certification is highly sought after by professionals looking to prove their skills in ethical hacking. The OSCP training includes access to a lab environment where learners can practice exploiting systems, performing attacks, and securing networks.

Best for: Gaining the highly respected OSCP certification.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Advanced penetration testing methodologies and exploit development
  • Identifying vulnerabilities in networks, applications, and systems
  • Real-world security assessment techniques used by ethical hackers
  • Ethical hacking tools like Kali Linux, Metasploit, and Wireshark
• Real-World Outcome: OSCP is widely recognized in the industry and prepares you for real-world penetration testing and vulnerability assessments.
• Advantages:
  • Comprehensive, hands-on training with practical penetration tests
  • Prepares you for real-world security engagements and exploit development
• Disadvantages:
  • Expensive training and certification
  • Requires prior networking and system administration knowledge

3. Cybrary

Cybrary offers a vast library of courses on cybersecurity, including ethical hacking and penetration testing. It caters to a wide range of learners, from beginners to advanced professionals. The platform provides both free and paid content, with the paid version offering access to hands-on labs, certifications, and a structured learning path. Cybrary's courses are created by experienced instructors and cybersecurity experts.

Best for: A broad range of cybersecurity skills with a flexible learning path.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Penetration testing tools and techniques
  • Network security, vulnerability assessment, and risk management
  • Ethical hacking methodologies and cybersecurity regulations
  • Hands-on experience with security tools and vulnerability scanning
• Real-World Outcome: Prepares you for roles like security analyst or penetration tester by providing a mix of foundational and advanced cybersecurity knowledge.
• Advantages:
  • Offers both free and paid courses
  • Well-structured courses created by cybersecurity experts
  • Provides certifications to validate your skills
• Disadvantages:
  • Some advanced content is behind a paywall
  • Limited hands-on practice for free users

4. SANS Institute (GWAPT)

The SANS Institute is one of the most prestigious names in cybersecurity training. Their GWAPT course is focused on web application penetration testing, equipping learners with the tools to identify vulnerabilities in web-based platforms. The training includes real-world labs, certifications, and knowledge of attack vectors such as XSS, SQL injection, and more. The SANS courses are known for their depth and practical value in the cybersecurity field.

Best for: Deep web application penetration testing.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Web application penetration testing and security vulnerabilities
  • Penetration testing techniques to exploit common web app flaws
  • Hands-on practice with tools like Burp Suite and OWASP ZAP
  • Auditing practices and implementing security patches
• Real-World Outcome: Ideal for web application security roles, including security consultant and penetration tester.
• Advantages:
  • Globally recognized certifications
  • In-depth, expert-led courses with comprehensive lab environments
• Disadvantages:
  • Expensive course fees
  • Requires high prior technical knowledge

5. Pluralsight

Pluralsight offers a variety of online courses, including ones that focus on ethical hacking, network security, and penetration testing. The platform features expert instructors and provides structured learning paths for beginner, intermediate, and advanced learners. Pluralsight also includes hands-on labs and practical exercises, making it an excellent resource for anyone aiming to master cybersecurity skills.

Best for: Structured learning with expert instructors for penetration testing and cybersecurity skills.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Penetration testing tools and methodologies
  • Web and network security techniques
  • Ethical hacking tools like Kali Linux and Wireshark
  • Vulnerability scanning and exploit development
  • How to secure network infrastructures and web applications from cyberattacks
• Real-World Outcome: Prepares you for penetration testing and network security roles with real-world skill application, helping you gain the foundational knowledge needed for a career in cybersecurity.
• Advantages:
  • High-quality learning paths with expert instructors
  • A wide variety of topics covered with hands-on labs and assessments
• Disadvantages:
  • Requires a subscription for full access
  • Some advanced topics may require prior knowledge
  • Limited live interaction with instructors

6. EC-Council (CEH)

EC-Council's Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification is one of the most respected certifications in cybersecurity. The CEH course focuses on penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and the legal and ethical aspects of hacking. The course includes theoretical learning, practical labs, and real-world penetration testing scenarios.

Best for: Earning the highly respected Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Advanced penetration testing techniques
  • Ethical hacking tools like Metasploit, Wireshark, and Nmap
  • Web and network vulnerabilities
  • Cybersecurity laws and regulations
  • Risk management and vulnerability assessments
• Real-World Outcome: Prepares you for CEH certification, which is highly recognized in the industry. Helps you gain hands-on experience in penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and cyber defense.
• Advantages:
  • Industry-recognized certification (CEH)
  • Comprehensive course content, including both theoretical and practical skills
  • Excellent for professionals aiming for a career in ethical hacking
• Disadvantages:
  • Expensive course and certification fees
  • Requires previous knowledge of networking and security
  • Time-intensive with a lot of material to cover

7. TryHackMe (Paid Version)

TryHackMe is a beginner-friendly platform that offers a wide variety of ethical hacking labs and challenges. It includes a free version but provides additional features and challenges with the paid version. The platform offers a gamified experience to learn and practice penetration testing in real-world environments.

Best for: A beginner-friendly, gamified learning experience with hands-on penetration testing labs.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Penetration testing techniques and tools
  • Web and network security fundamentals
  • Cryptography, reverse engineering, and system hacking
  • Hands-on skills for using ethical hacking tools like Nmap and Burp Suite
  • Security techniques for mobile and cloud environments
• Real-World Outcome: Prepares you for entry-level penetration testing roles with a fun and interactive learning experience that focuses on real-world systems and challenges.
• Advantages:
  • An interactive and gamified learning experience
  • Beginner-friendly with easy-to-follow tutorials
  • Affordable paid plans with extra features and challenges
• Disadvantages:
  • Limited access for free users
  • Advanced content requires a premium subscription
  • Some challenges may be too basic for advanced learners

8. Virtual Hacking Labs

Virtual Hacking Labs offers hands-on training by providing vulnerable machines to exploit. The platform simulates real-world penetration testing scenarios, allowing you to practice and develop your ethical hacker skills. The lab setup offers a variety of machines with different difficulty levels.

Best for: Real-world penetration testing practice with vulnerable machines to exploit.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Real-world penetration testing practices and exploitation techniques
  • Identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities in web apps and networks
  • Using advanced hacking tools like Kali Linux, Metasploit, and Burp Suite
  • Security best practices for ethical hackers
  • Reporting and documentation for penetration testing results
• Real-World Outcome: Helps you develop hands-on, real-world penetration testing skills, preparing you for security consultant or penetration tester roles.
• Advantages:
  • Provides real-world simulations for hands-on practice
  • Offers access to multiple virtual machines and challenges
  • Helps develop practical skills in a controlled environment
• Disadvantages:
  • Requires a paid subscription for full access
  • Some of the labs may be too advanced for beginners
  • No structured guidance for self-learners

Free Apps to Learn Ethical Hacking

These free platforms provide great resources for learning ethical hacking at no cost. While they may have limited content compared to paid apps, they still offer valuable learning experiences that can help you develop the foundational ethical hacker skills necessary for a successful career in cybersecurity.

1. upGrad

upGrad offers a structured and in-depth ethical hacking course that provides both theoretical and hands-on experience. With its advanced curriculum and industry-recognized certifications, upGrad helps you develop practical skills in penetration testing, security vulnerabilities, and ethical hacking techniques. The platform is designed for both beginners and experienced professionals aiming to advance their careers in cybersecurity.

Best for: Structured learning with a focus on career outcomes and certifications.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Advanced penetration testing techniques and methodologies
  • Security vulnerabilities in web applications and networks
  • Use of ethical hacking tools like Metasploit, Nmap, and Wireshark
  • Hands-on practice in real-world cybersecurity challenges
• Real-World Outcome: Prepares you for penetration testing roles, focusing on practical skills that lead to industry-recognized certifications.
• Advantages:
  • Industry-recognized certification upon completion
  • Comprehensive curriculum with hands-on labs
  • Personalized mentorship from industry experts
• Disadvantages:
  • Some advanced topics may require prior knowledge of networking

2. OverTheWire

OverTheWire is an online platform that offers free Capture The Flag (CTF) challenges, which are ideal for learning penetration testing and hacking fundamentals. The challenges focus on system administration, binary exploitation, and file manipulation, making it an excellent platform for those new to ethical hacking. OverTheWire's hands-on puzzles help you develop critical thinking and practical hacking techniques.

Best for: Beginner-friendly penetration testing and fundamental skills.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Basic penetration testing skills and system administration
  • Exploiting vulnerabilities like buffer overflow
  • Binary exploitation and command-line skills
• Real-World Outcome: Builds foundational skills for junior penetration testers or security analysts.
• Advantages:
  • Completely free with no subscriptions required
  • Step-by-step learning with gradual difficulty levels
• Disadvantages:
  • Limited to basic challenges
  • No advanced content for experienced users

3. VulnHub

VulnHub provides downloadable vulnerable virtual machines (VMs) designed for penetration testing practice. These VMs simulate real-world environments, offering learners a hands-on way to identify and exploit security vulnerabilities. VulnHub is great for those looking to build practical ethical hacker skills in a controlled, safe environment without needing to create their own practice lab setups.

Best for: Real-world vulnerability exploitation practice in virtual environments.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Penetration testing in virtual environments
  • Exploiting web and network vulnerabilities
  • Using ethical hacking tools for real-world scenarios
• Real-World Outcome: Helps simulate real-world scenarios, ideal for those aiming to become penetration testers or security consultants.
• Advantages:
  • Free access to vulnerable VMs for practice
  • Real-world hacking scenarios
• Disadvantages:
  • Limited support for beginners
  • Requires self-learning and troubleshooting

4. TryHackMe (Free Version)

TryHackMe is a beginner-friendly platform that offers penetration testing challenges and cybersecurity learning paths. While the free version offers a limited set of rooms and challenges, it provides a gamified, interactive learning experience that's perfect for newcomers. TryHackMe guides you through the basics of ethical hacking and helps you build ethical hacking skills progressively.

Best for: Interactive and gamified learning for beginners.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Basic penetration testing techniques
  • Vulnerability analysis and web security
  • Exploiting vulnerabilities in real-world systems
• Real-World Outcome: Helps you understand the basics of penetration testing and web security, preparing you for more advanced challenges.
• Advantages:
  • Gamified, interactive approach to learning
  • Free access to introductory challenges
• Disadvantages:
  • Limited content for free users
  • Advanced challenges require a paid plan

5. PentesterLab (Free Challenges)

PentesterLab offers free access to a set of penetration testing challenges that focus on web application security. These challenges help you understand common vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). While the premium version offers access to more advanced challenges, the free content is still a valuable resource for beginners wanting to build foundational skills in ethical hacking.

Best for: Gaining foundational web application security skills with free penetration testing challenges.

• What You Can Learn:
  • Web application security and penetration testing
  • Exploiting common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and XSS
  • Basic ethical hacking tools and techniques
  • Hands-on experience with security flaws in websites
  • Writing reports based on your findings in penetration tests
• Real-World Outcome: Prepares you for web application penetration testing roles, helping you understand how to exploit and defend against common vulnerabilities found in real-world websites.
• Advantages:
  • Free access to foundational ethical hacking challenges
  • Detailed, step-by-step challenges for beginners
  • Great for practicing real-world penetration testing on websites
• Disadvantages:
  • Limited to basic challenges; advanced content requires a paid subscription
  • No interactive support; challenges may require troubleshooting
  • Not as comprehensive as paid versions

How to Choose the Best Ethical Hacking App

When selecting an app to learn ethical hacking, evaluating factors such as course content, pricing, and hands-on practice is essential. 

The table below will help you compare different platforms based on key features to choose the best one for your learning journey.

After mastering the right tools and apps to enhance your skills, it's important to understand the potential career outcomes and earning potential in the field of ethical hacking.

Hacker Salary in India and Career Opportunities in 2025

The field of ethical hacking in India is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing frequency of cyber threats and the expanding digital landscape. With businesses investing more in cybersecurity, the demand for skilled ethical hackers is at an all-time high. This surge in demand has led to competitive salaries and numerous career opportunities in the cybersecurity field.

Career Scope and Job Growth

The cybersecurity market in India is projected to reach ₹280 billion by 2025, with an annual growth rate of 18.33%. This boom in the digital economy has directly influenced the demand for ethical hackers, creating a surge in career opportunities. Major companies in IT, finance, healthcare, and government sectors are actively seeking ethical hackers to protect their systems and networks.

Key Job Growth Trends:

• The number of job openings for penetration testers, cybersecurity analysts, and information security experts is growing exponentially.
• With data breaches becoming more common, ethical hackers play a pivotal role in preventing cyberattacks.
• Certified ethical hackers (CEH), penetration testers, and security consultants are some of the most sought-after roles.

The demand for ethical hackers is expected to increase in the coming years as more companies move toward securing their data infrastructures in the face of increasing cyber threats.

Key Roles and Industries in Ethical Hacking

Ethical hacking roles offer competitive salaries and job stability as demand for cybersecurity expertise continues to grow. The table below highlights the top roles within ethical hacking and the leading industries hiring for these positions.

Growing Demand and Lucrative Career Prospects

Ethical hacking is not only one of the most exciting career paths but also one of the most lucrative in India. As companies invest more in cybersecurity, the need for skilled professionals grows, offering ethical hackers a range of career paths with attractive pay packages.

Industry Demand:

• Financial sector: The banking and financial sectors are under constant threat from cybercrime, making them one of the largest employers of ethical hackers.
• Tech companies: Leading companies like Infosys, Wipro, and TCS are increasingly hiring ethical hackers to improve their security measures.
• Consulting firms: Large firms like EY, Deloitte, and PwC offer consulting positions where ethical hackers assess and secure client networks.

As more businesses expand digitally, securing data and systems will continue to be a priority, leading to sustained demand for ethical hackers in various sectors.

Also read: Ethical Hacking Certification Cost: Fees, Factors, and Course Options

Now that you have insights into the career opportunities and salary potential, let's take the next step in shaping your path to success with the right guidance and resources.

Build a Successful Career in Ethical Hacking with upGrad!

With a growing demand for cybersecurity professionals, the field offers promising career opportunities and competitive salaries. Ethical hackers play a crucial role in safeguarding digital infrastructures and combating cyber threats. 

By focusing on essential skills like programming, networking, and certifications, aspiring hackers can set themselves up for success. UpGrad offers structured learning paths and certifications, ensuring you gain the skills and credentials necessary for a rewarding career in ethical hacking.

To complement your journey in mastering ethical hacking, upGrad provides a range of comprehensive courses designed to deepen your skills. Besides the course options you've explored, here are some more options to consider:

• Advanced Generative AI Certification Course
• Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and AI
• DBA in Emerging Technologies with Concentration in Generative AI

You can also explore these free courses to get started:

• JavaScript Basics from Scratch
• Core Java Basics
• Data Structures & Algorithms

Wondering which course is right for you?

For personalized guidance, connect with upGrad Counsellors or visit one of our offline centres to choose the best learning path for your career!

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Sources:
https://www.nucamp.co/blog/coding-bootcamp-india-ind-india-cybersecurity-job-market-trends-and-growth-areas-for-2025
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/once-an-ace-shooter-nagpurs-shahana-now-cyber-security-geek/articleshow/121300158.cms