Full Stack Developer Tools To Master In 2025

A full stack developer is a dynamic professional adept at managing both the client-side and server-side of web applications. Their expertise is amplified by a robust toolkit—full stack developer tools—that facilitate efficient coding, testing, and deployment across diverse technologies, ensuring seamless end-to-end development.

This blog will delve into the essential full stack developer tools you need to master in 2025. We’ll cover everything from the latest frameworks and libraries to integrated development environments (IDEs) and deployment solutions, empowering you to stay competitive and innovative in this rapidly changing domain.

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Full Stack Developer Tools – Complete List

Integrated Development Environment / Code Editors

A software developer spends most of his /her time writing code, to create an application it takes millions on lines of code or even more depending on size and complexity of application.

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Imagine spending so much time writing code with tools like Notepad, I am not trying to defame notepad here, notepad has different purposes, but it is not efficient enough to write code. It will take a lot of time to write code without any intelligence and inbuilt compilers. To help with this we have powerful code editors also known as Integrated Development Environments. IDEs have integrated compilers, library support, file explorers, plugins, templates, and many other tools in built which can help us write code very quickly. IDEs can be installed on your OS in devices as well as can be accessed by browsers. 

One’s which are installed on devices can be called as Offline IDEs. For examples: 

Offline Integrated Development Environment / Code Editors

Microsoft Visual Studio Code

A very lightweight editor by Microsoft which supports many programming languages. Visual Studio Code presents a highly optimized source-code editor for building and debugging modern web and cloud applications. About 50% of developers use VS Code for writing cleaner codes. It consists of syntax highlighting, debugging, code refracting, intelligent code completion, embedded Git, and code refactoring. The default coding font is Consolas. 

Sublime Text

Another cross-platform IDE for lightweight software development. Sublime Text is a commercial editor tool for creating clean codes. It supports several programming and markup languages. In addition, community-built plug-ins enable the expansion of its functionality. It is best suited on the Python interface as the programming languages are C++ and Python. It has a highly customizable command palette and distraction-free writing mode. 

Atom

Cross-platform IDE for JavaScript support. Suitable for a multitude of things, Atom is developed by GitHub. It has built-in integration and functional add-on packages. It is built on Electron and is the most common tool for quick scripts and smaller projects. Atom is compatible with Linux, macOS, and Microsoft Windows platforms with plugs-in written in JavaScript. 

Neovim

Neovim is a highly extensible and powerful code editor designed for developers who value speed, efficiency, and deep customization. Building on the legacy of the classic Vim editor, Neovim introduces modern improvements such as asynchronous plugins, a built-in terminal emulator, and enhanced scripting capabilities, allowing developers to tailor their environment to fit complex workflows seamlessly. Its lightweight footprint combined with robust extensibility makes Neovim a preferred choice for full stack developers seeking a highly productive and adaptable coding experience.

IntelliJ Idea

A popular editor for Java-based application development. IntelliJ is an integrated environment for web development for JVM languages. However, its LightEdit mode mainly works as a text-like editor as it does not dispense IDI editor features like code navigation and completion. But it is a well-known tool for the creation and modification of code. It is more reliable and sturdier than most text editors. 

Notepad++

A source code editor doesn’t have compiler support. Available in 90 languages, Notepad++ is a free, open-source code and text editor developed by Don Ho. It enables working on multiple open files in a single integrated window. Moreover, it allows code folding, plug-ins support, syntax highlighting and a tabbed editing interface. One essential attribute is the auto-saving of important files. 

Online Integrated Development Environment / Code Editors

There are also online IDEs available that can be accessed in browsers with internet access and can be shared very easily. For examples:

• StackBlitz - An online IDE to work with front-end apps in Angular, React, Vue.js
• CodePen - Mainly used for HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
• JSBin - Another online IDE for HTML, CSS and JavaScript
• Repl.it - Online IDE which supports multiple languages.

You can also check out this web application development course to make your learning simple and handy.

Module Bundlers, Task Runners, and Compiler Tools

Now that we have got our IDE to write code, we need a few more tools to help with application development. In Software development, there are a few tasks that need to be performed parallelly to writing code. For example, when you are writing CSS, before it can be sent to browser it should be minified for optimization purposes, the same needs to be done with JS files as well. This is just one of the many tasks which need to be performed parallel to code writing. These tasks include Bundling, Minification, Compression, Copying files, Compiling code, testing code, and many others. 

To help with these types of tasks we have a set of tools that are used by developers to save time and write code more efficiently. 

A few popular tools are: 

Webpack
Webpack is a powerful module bundler widely used in modern web development. It efficiently bundles JavaScript files along with assets such as stylesheets and images, optimizing them for faster load times and better performance. Its extensive plugin ecosystem and configuration flexibility allow developers to tailor build processes to complex project requirements, making it an indispensable tool for full stack developers aiming to streamline front-end workflows.

Vite
Vite is an innovative front-end build tool that emphasizes speed and simplicity. Leveraging native ES modules, it provides lightning-fast hot module replacement (HMR) and supports a rich array of plugins to extend functionality. Designed for modern JavaScript frameworks, Vite significantly accelerates development cycles, making it ideal for full stack developers who prioritize rapid iteration and seamless integration.

Parcel
Parcel is a zero-configuration web application bundler that removes the complexities of traditional build tools. It automatically handles file transformations, module bundling, and asset optimization without requiring manual setup. Its out-of-the-box support for JavaScript, TypeScript, CSS, and HTML simplifies project initialization, allowing developers to focus more on coding and less on configuration overhead.

Babel
Babel is a JavaScript transpiler essential for maintaining compatibility across different browsers and environments. It transforms modern ECMAScript (ES6+) syntax into widely supported JavaScript versions, ensuring that cutting-edge code runs smoothly on older platforms. Babel’s plugin-based architecture offers granular control over code transformation, making it a vital tool for full stack developers targeting diverse user bases.

TypeScript
TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that introduces static typing and advanced tooling support. It enhances code reliability and maintainability, particularly in large-scale applications. Widely adopted in frameworks like Angular, TypeScript helps developers catch errors early and improve collaboration by providing clear type definitions. Mastering TypeScript is increasingly crucial for full stack developers focused on building robust, scalable web applications.

Also Read: 40 Must-Try JavaScript Project Ideas for Developers of All Levels

Package Management Tools

What is package management, let’s understand this first? Let’s say you are working on Node.js, and you need to connect to MongoDB.To be able to work with MongoDB in Node.js you need to have MongoDB driver for Node.js. Question is, are you going to write that driver – you can if you want to assume you have got that much time and that kind of expertise, but if you haven’t got these then you need to use code that is written by someone else, probably by MongoDB developers. These save time as well as cost in many cases. Our application has dependencies on many such codes which are also called third-party libraries. 

Now if an application is dependent on many such dependencies say dozens of them you need a tool to make sure you are getting these dependencies from the right place, having the right versions, and the tool which can help you with this is known as a package manager. Any language or framework you use, you need a package management tool to manage your dependencies. 

Here are a few popular package management tools used for different frameworks. 

npm

npm is the package manager default to Node.js (JavaScript runtime environment). It is the world's largest software registry. With easy and hassle-free features of worldwide sharing and borrowing of packages, it is highly flexible and provides easy management of steps and processes. Its main uses consist of discovering, publishing, developing, and installing node programs. 

Yarn for Node.js
Yarn is a fast, reliable, and secure package manager designed for JavaScript applications running on Node.js. It simplifies dependency management across popular front-end frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue.js by providing deterministic installs, offline caching, and enhanced performance over traditional package managers. Yarn’s robust features enable full stack developers to efficiently manage project dependencies, ensuring consistent builds and streamlined collaboration within development teams.

NuGet for .NET
NuGet is the official package manager for the .NET ecosystem, facilitating seamless integration and management of third-party libraries and tools in .NET-based applications. It automates the process of downloading, installing, updating, and configuring packages, thereby accelerating development cycles and improving code reuse. NuGet’s extensive repository and integration with Visual Studio make it an essential tool for full stack developers working on enterprise-grade .NET projects.

Maven for Java
Apache Maven is a widely adopted build automation and dependency management tool tailored for Java projects. It simplifies the complex process of managing libraries, plugins, and project builds through a declarative XML-based configuration system. Maven’s standardized lifecycle and extensive plugin ecosystem allow full stack developers to maintain consistent builds, automate testing, and manage project dependencies effectively across large-scale Java applications.

Pip for Python
Pip is the default package manager for Python, enabling developers to install, update, and manage software libraries and frameworks with ease. It supports a vast ecosystem of Python packages, making it indispensable for full stack developers working in data science, web development, automation, and more. Pip’s straightforward command-line interface and integration with virtual environments facilitate clean and reproducible Python project setups.

Also take a look at these Top 15 CSS Project Ideas to Boost Your Resume!

Browser-Based Tools

Job of full stack developer is to work with both the ends of a web application and when you are working on front-end browser is your best friend. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript all of these can be debugged on browsers very easily. To be able to do this you need to be aware of browser-based tools which can help you with that. Every browser has its own developer tools which help developers to debug JavaScript, CSS, and HTML. It can help with performance monitoring, API calls, and many other things. You can’t call yourself a front-end or full-stack developer if you can’t work with browsers to get all the help it provides. 

Here are some of the best-known browsers which provide browser-based tools. You can find more extensions in the browsers. Best browser extensions for 

Chrome Developer Tools

In-built Developer tool in Chrome browser. Chrome Dev Tools is a collection of Google's inbuilt developer tools which assist in the web-authoring, development, reviewing and debugging of websites within the browser.

Flexible, user-friendly and easily accessible framework tool, it has developer tools and tests web platform APIs that are updated regularly to offer advanced features. 

Developer Chrome Extensions
Developer Chrome Extensions are specialized add-ons designed to enhance productivity and streamline the coding workflow within the Google Chrome browser. These extensions offer a wide range of functionalities—from debugging and performance analysis to code inspection and API testing—empowering full stack developers to troubleshoot and optimize front-end applications more efficiently. With an extensive library of extensions available, developers can customize their browser environment to suit specific project needs and accelerate development cycles.

Microsoft Edge Dev Tools
Microsoft Edge Dev Tools provide a comprehensive suite of built-in debugging and diagnostic utilities tailored for front-end development within the Edge browser. These tools offer features such as real-time DOM inspection, CSS editing, performance profiling, and network analysis, enabling developers to identify and resolve issues quickly. Integrated seamlessly into Edge, these developer tools support modern web standards and enhance the debugging experience for full stack developers targeting Microsoft’s evolving browser platform.

Firefox Dev Tools
Firefox Dev Tools are an integrated set of developer utilities embedded directly in the Firefox browser. Offering robust capabilities like HTML and CSS inspection, JavaScript debugging, accessibility auditing, and performance monitoring, these tools help developers build, test, and optimize responsive web applications. Known for their user-friendly interface and powerful features, Firefox Dev Tools are a staple for full stack developers aiming for cross-browser compatibility and high-quality user experiences.

Source Code Management Tools

Imagine working on a large project with hundreds of developers across the globe, writing and sharing thousands of lines of code every day, to manage all of this you need right tools which can allow you to manage, store your code, allow you to share it with your team, track changes in code, allow to revert changes and many other features. These types of tools are called Source Code Management tools. 

Git and GitHub are the most widely used source code management tools. GitHub was recently taken over and is now being managed by Microsoft. 

API Testing Tools

API is Application Programming Interface, which is created in backend of any application to serve its clients on different front ends. APIs are created independently without being tightly coupled with front ends. 

Since APIs are created independently, we need tools to test them if they are working as per expectations. To help with testing APIs we have many tools available for use. 

Postman
Postman is the industry’s most popular REST API client, widely adopted by developers and QA teams for designing, testing, and documenting APIs. Its intuitive interface and powerful features—such as automated testing, environment management, and collaboration tools—streamline API development workflows. Postman supports a broad range of protocols and formats, making it an essential tool for full stack developers aiming to build reliable and scalable API-driven applications.

SOAP UI
SOAP UI is a specialized testing tool designed for SOAP-based web services, enabling comprehensive functional, regression, and load testing. It offers a user-friendly interface for creating and executing complex test scenarios, validating XML responses, and ensuring compliance with web service standards. SOAP UI remains a go-to solution for developers and testers working extensively with legacy SOAP APIs in enterprise environments.

Insomnia
Insomnia is a popular REST API client known for its simplicity, speed, and extensibility. It allows developers to craft, debug, and organize HTTP requests with ease, supporting GraphQL and WebSocket protocols alongside REST. Its open-source core and customizable plugins make Insomnia a flexible choice for full stack developers seeking a streamlined API testing experience.

Apigee
Apigee, a Google Cloud product, is a comprehensive API management platform that also provides robust tools for API testing and monitoring. It facilitates the design, security, analytics, and lifecycle management of APIs at scale. Apigee empowers organizations to ensure API reliability and performance, making it a strategic tool for enterprises focused on building secure, scalable API ecosystems.

Karate
Karate is an open-source API test automation framework that combines API testing, mocks, and performance testing in a single unified tool. Built on top of Cucumber, it uses a simple syntax for writing tests in a behavior-driven development (BDD) style. Karate’s ability to handle both REST and SOAP APIs makes it a versatile choice for full stack developers and QA engineers looking to automate complex API test scenarios efficiently.

APIFortress
APIFortress is a continuous API testing platform designed to integrate seamlessly into CI/CD pipelines, enabling automated and ongoing validation of API functionality, performance, and security. It supports a wide range of API types and formats, providing real-time monitoring and detailed reporting. APIFortress helps development teams maintain API quality and reliability throughout the software delivery lifecycle. 

Containerization Systems

The containerization of an application is to put software or one of its components in an independent runtime environment with all its dependencies and resources in an isolated box which is called a container. The benefits of doing this are enormous. It makes our software easy to scale, easy to deploy and test, and increases fault tolerance since any faults in a container will not impact other containers. 

To be able to create containers and then manage those containers on a very large scale we need tools. 

Docker
Docker is a leading containerization platform that enables developers to package applications and their dependencies into lightweight, portable containers. These containers ensure consistency across multiple environments—whether development, testing, or production—simplifying deployment and scalability. Docker’s efficiency and ease of use have made it a foundational tool for full stack developers aiming to streamline application delivery and achieve rapid, reliable releases.

Kubernetes
Kubernetes is the industry-standard open-source container orchestration platform designed to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications across clusters of machines. It provides robust features such as self-healing, load balancing, automated rollouts, and secret management. For full stack developers and DevOps teams handling large-scale microservices architectures, Kubernetes is essential for maintaining high availability and operational efficiency.

OpenShift
OpenShift, developed by Red Hat, is a comprehensive enterprise-grade container platform built on Kubernetes. It extends Kubernetes’ capabilities by integrating developer and operational tools, streamlined workflows, and enhanced security features. OpenShift empowers organizations to build, deploy, and manage containerized applications with greater control and compliance, making it a preferred choice for full stack developers in regulated or complex environments.

Docker Swarm
Docker Swarm is Docker’s native container orchestration tool, designed to simplify cluster management within Docker environments. It enables the deployment and scaling of containerized applications across multiple Docker hosts, with features such as service discovery, load balancing, and rolling updates. Docker Swarm is favored for its straightforward setup and tight integration with Docker, providing an accessible orchestration solution for small to medium-sized projects.

Cloud-Based Container Service Providers
Cloud platforms have integrated container services that provide scalable, managed environments for deploying containerized applications without the overhead of managing underlying infrastructure.

• Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE): A managed Kubernetes service by Google Cloud that offers automated scaling, upgrades, and security features, optimized for Google’s infrastructure.
• AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) & AWS Fargate: Amazon Web Services provides powerful container orchestration options with EKS for Kubernetes and Fargate for serverless container execution, enabling flexible, scalable deployments.
• Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS): Microsoft Azure’s managed Kubernetes offering simplifies cluster management with integrated monitoring, security, and compliance tools, ideal for enterprises leveraging Microsoft’s cloud ecosystem.

Application Development Frameworks & Utilities

In recent years there have been major changes in how we create web applications, and there have been huge demands for large scalable applications. If you look at the current scenario, we have got so many applications serving our needs. Examples are Uber, Netflix, Twitter, WhatsApp, and many more, these are just the tip of the iceberg. There are millions of applications being developed right now. With this demand for writing so many apps, we need great tools and frameworks for application development to be able to write applications faster with more efficiency. It is also to be noted that these tools can differ based on different technologies. For example, java front-end tools might differ from python tools. I have listed the best front-end frameworks and back-end frameworks in use today. If you are looking for web application development course, you can find it here on KnowledgeHut. 

We can divide these tools into mainly two categories. 

A) Front-End Developer Tools/Frameworks / UI Development Tools

React

Front-end JS library created by Facebook. Developed by Meta (Facebook), React is a JavaScript-based open-source and primarily front-end web framework used to build single-page applications.

Its JS library is used for building hassle-free user interfaces. It dispenses high readability and performance using virtual DOM (JavaScript object). React is popular because of its wide support for large applications. 

Angular

JS framework created by Google. Angular is a TypeScript-based web application framework maintained by Google. It helps in making single-page applications (SPA) effortless.

Comprehensive data binding and testing are the salient features of this framework. Besides this, extensive browser compatibility and the facility of creating custom components are preferred by most developers. 

Vue.js

MVVM-based JS framework. Vue is a user-interface building framework that uses JavaScript as the programming language. Created and maintained by Evan You, Vue is famous for being an adaptable tool with easy integration with other libraries or projects and extensive HTML functionality.

Svelte

A front-end compiler for JS. A front-end compiler, Svelte has grown in popularity, with its awareness spiking from 75% to 94% in recent years. It was created by Rich Harris and is different and arguably better because it "compiles'' the steps.

Svelte is a beginner-friendly set of tools that provide clear syntax and is famous for being faster than other available options. 

Flutter

Flutter is Google’s open-source mobile development framework that enables developers to create high-performance, natively compiled apps for iOS, Android, web, and desktop using a single codebase. Built with the Dart language, Flutter offers a rich set of customizable widgets and a hot-reload feature for rapid development. It’s widely favored by full stack developers for delivering beautiful, fast, and cross-platform applications efficiently. 

Bootstrap

A very popular CSS library. Bootstrap supports JavaScript, HTML, CSS, Less (v3), and Sass (v4). It is essentially convenient for designing mobile-first web systems, easy to use, beginner-friendly, and responsive. Multiple grid layouts and a wide range of compatibility on various browsers are characteristic features of Bootstrap. 

Tailwind

Tailwind CSS is a highly popular utility-first CSS framework that empowers developers to build custom, responsive designs rapidly without writing traditional CSS stylesheets. By providing low-level utility classes, Tailwind enables full stack developers to compose complex user interfaces with precision and consistency. Its flexibility, combined with excellent performance optimization, makes it a preferred choice for modern front-end development workflows focused on scalability and maintainability.

SASS

CSS Preprocessor helps with writing advanced CSS. It is a simplified front-end scripting language developed by Natalie Weizenbaum and Chris Eppstein. Sass includes various color functions, nesting, variables and import features, making it one of the most diverse front-end full-stack developer tools. Its reusable functionality, clean codes, and CSS compatibility provide more stability by incorporating fewer codes. 

B) Back-End Developer Tools/Frameworks 

Back-end development requires a lot more tools than front-end development because the back-end of an application has more responsibilities to perform. For example, API services, databases, web servers etc. We can divide backend development tools into different categories. 

i) Languages, Runtimes & Platforms

Node.js

- JS runtime for server-side programming. Node.js is an open-source runtime environment based on Single Threaded Event Loop Model architecture, compatible with different platforms. It functions easily and offers dynamic page creation, and altering options to create, open, edit, delete, etc., the files on the server. Its fundamental usage is in event-driven, non-blocking servers. Its design has real-time, push-based architecture, even though it is used for back-end services. 

Express 
Express has a minimal set of tools for accomplishing the routing tasks and handling the Request and/or Response cycle. These full-stack developer tools are written in JavaScript for both front-end and back-end services.

This enables an easier, quicker, and orderly handling of data access layers and the basic presentation structure. Express also supports integration with template engines like Vash, Jade, EJS, etc. 

PHP
PHP is a widely-used open-source scripting language designed specifically for server-side web development. Known for its ease of integration with databases like MySQL and seamless compatibility with HTML, PHP powers popular platforms such as WordPress and Drupal. It remains a reliable choice for building dynamic websites, APIs, and eCommerce applications.

Java
Java is a robust, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language known for its platform independence and scalability. Commonly used for enterprise-level applications, Android development, and backend systems, Java’s stability and vast ecosystem make it a staple in full stack development environments.

.NET
.NET is a comprehensive development framework created by Microsoft that supports the building of web, desktop, mobile, and cloud-based applications. With languages like C# and VB.NET, and frameworks like ASP.NET, it enables developers to create secure, scalable, and high-performance applications across platforms, especially within enterprise IT infrastructures. 

Django

Django is a back-end full-stack framework written using Python, following a model-template-design pattern. It is used for making secure and manageable websites. Its tagline, "The web framework for perfectionists with deadlines", explains that it is focused on making the process simpler. It provides python-compatibility, an easy web development process, clean designs and high efficiency in web applications, among other features. 

Go (Golang)
Go, also known as Golang, is an open-source general-purpose programming language developed by Google. It is designed for simplicity, efficiency, and high performance in networked and concurrent applications. With built-in support for concurrency, fast compilation times, and a clean syntax, Go is increasingly popular among backend developers building scalable web services, cloud-native applications, and microservices.

ii) Databases

MySQL
MySQL is the world’s most widely-used open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Known for its speed, reliability, and ease of use, it is a preferred choice for web applications, especially in LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python) stacks. MySQL supports structured data storage and integrates seamlessly with a wide range of programming languages.

Microsoft SQL Server
SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. It provides enterprise-level data storage, advanced analytics, and business intelligence capabilities. With robust integration with .NET applications, it is commonly used in Windows-based environments for transactional systems, data warehousing, and enterprise software.

PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source object-relational database system known for its advanced features, extensibility, and strong compliance with SQL standards. It supports complex queries, full ACID compliance, JSON, and geographic information systems (GIS), making it suitable for high-performance applications and data-intensive environments.

Oracle Database
Oracle Database is a multi-model DBMS developed by Oracle Corporation. Known for its high scalability, reliability, and performance, it is widely used in large enterprise environments. It offers extensive support for structured and unstructured data, advanced security, and robust backup/recovery mechanisms.

MongoDB
MongoDB is the most popular NoSQL database designed for handling unstructured and semi-structured data. It uses a flexible, document-oriented data model (JSON-like BSON documents), making it ideal for applications requiring real-time analytics, rapid development, and horizontal scalability—such as content management systems and IoT platforms.

iii) Web Servers

Apache Tomcat
Apache Tomcat is an open-source Java Servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation. It is widely used for deploying Java-based web applications and supports technologies like JavaServer Pages (JSP) and WebSockets. Tomcat is lightweight, fast, and suitable for a variety of enterprise and small-to-medium scale web services.

IIS (Internet Information Services)
IIS is Microsoft’s extensible web server for hosting web applications on Windows servers. It offers deep integration with .NET-based applications, supports multiple protocols, and includes built-in security, performance monitoring, and load balancing capabilities—making it ideal for enterprise-grade deployments.

Nginx
Nginx is a high-performance web server known for its event-driven architecture and ability to handle high concurrency with low resource usage. In addition to serving static content and acting as a reverse proxy, Nginx is widely used for load balancing, caching, and API gateway implementations—making it a versatile tool for full stack developers managing large-scale deployments.

Serverless Computing Tools 

Serverless Computing allows you to use backend as a service where a developer’s only concern is to write code, and all the server infrastructure will be taken care of by backend service provider. It can benefit with reducing cost of server management since you only pay for what you use in terms of server space, easier scalability of your application, and reduced network latency since you can choose the location of the server closer to your users. 

Most of the cloud service providers provide back-end as a service or serverless computing. 

• AWS Lambda Functions 
• Serverless Framework 
• Microsoft Azure Functions 
• IBM Cloud Functions 
• Google Cloud Functions

Software Testing Tools 

Most of the code is written by humans and hence it is presumed to have bugs, but we can’t deliver code with bugs as it might not be what our customers are expecting. An application must be tested before being used by end users. I can’t emphasize enough how important it is to test your code. There are different types of testing involved, also different approaches to testing are involved, there are test-based development approaches like Test Driven Development which is very popular nowadays. 

To be able to perform different kinds of tests on our applications, we need either humans or computers. Humans are slow (no offense to manual testers), if this makes it up humans are also creative, more than computers. We still need humans to perform and write creative tests, but many parts of software testing can be automated using tools to save time as well as costs. I can’t imagine testing the entire Facebook by humans, it might take months even with hundreds of testers. 

To help with automating our tests we have got tools for front-end code as well as back-end code. 

A) Front-end Testing Tools & Frameworks

Puppeteer
A Node.js library that provides a high-level API to control Chrome or Chromium browsers, ideal for automating and testing web pages in a headless environment.

Vitest
A blazing-fast unit testing framework designed for modern front-end projects, seamlessly integrated with Vite for faster test execution and simplified configuration.

Selenium
A widely-used automation tool for end-to-end testing across browsers and platforms, enabling developers to simulate user interactions for web application validation.

Cypress
A fast and reliable JavaScript-based end-to-end testing tool that provides real-time browser interaction, time-travel debugging, and automatic waits for commands.

WebDriverIO
An automation test framework built on Node.js for running Selenium WebDriver tests, compatible with both browser and mobile application testing.

Mocha
A feature-rich JavaScript test framework that runs on Node.js and in the browser, used for asynchronous testing with flexible reporting and assertion support.

Jasmine
An open-source JavaScript testing framework with zero dependencies, designed for behavior-driven development (BDD) in web applications.

Karma
A JavaScript test runner developed by the AngularJS team that allows testing across multiple real browsers for continuous integration pipelines.

B) Back-end Testing Tools & Frameworks

JUnit
A widely adopted unit testing framework for Java applications, supporting annotations, assertions, and test lifecycle management in enterprise and open-source projects.

NUnit
A unit-testing framework for .NET applications, offering advanced test execution, parameterized tests, and support for test-driven development.

xUnit
A modern, extensible testing framework for .NET applications, known for its clean syntax, dependency injection support, and modular architecture.

Pytest
A robust testing framework for Python that supports simple unit tests to complex functional testing, with fixtures, plugins, and detailed assertions.

Gomega
A Go matcher library used with Ginkgo for expressive and readable BDD-style assertions in Go-based back-end applications.

Mocking Tools, Libraries 

In software testing, to be able to write pure unit tests, you need to mock part of the application your unit of code is dependent upon. For example, if you are writing code to unit test an endpoint of API, it might have dependency on database access code. If you write tests that will call database access code too, it will become integration tests since multiple components (endpoint and data access code) are being tested now. To be able to write unit tests you need to mock any dependencies unit of code might have. This is where mocking tools help us to create mocks or fake objects of dependencies and configure them to provide constant results which then allows us to write unit tests. 

Every programming language and framework has its own mocking libraries. Here are a few of them. 

• Moq - Mock Library for .Net apps. 
• Mock Service Worker - API Mocks for JS based apps. 
• Nock - A mock library for Node.js. 
• Faker - Library to generate fake data 
• Unittest.mock - Mock library for Python

Conclusion 

As you can imagine now how many responsibilities a full stack developer needs to perform in the process of application development. Starting from writing front-end code using some front-end frameworks, then moving to backend where you need to write APIs, work with databases which can be either a relational or NoSQL database. Full stack developers also need to write unit tests code as part of Test-Driven Development approach. Once writing code is done, then comes the part of containerization, deployments where you might have to interact with DevOps tools like Docker etc. 

This doesn’t mean that as a full stack developer you need to learn all the tools listed above. You can choose probably one or two tools from all the categories we have mentioned, explore it, work with it and that would be sufficient to make you an expert level full stack developer.

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