According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, surgeons' wages are among the highest of all occupations, with a median wage equal to or greater than USD 239,200 per year and USD 115.00 per hour. Overall employment of physicians and surgeons is projected to grow 4 percent from 2023 to 2033, about as fast as the average for all occupations.
About 23,600 openings for surgeons are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Many of those openings are expected to result from replacing workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
Surgeons in the USA are among the highest-paid professionals in the country. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average surgeon's salary in USA is USD 239,200 or more per year, which means over USD 115 per hour.
Some specialists, like neurosurgeons or pediatric surgeons, earn even more due to their training and skills. The demand for surgeons in USA is also growing, especially with the aging population and the rise of new surgical technology. From 2023 to 2033, around 23,600 new openings are expected every year.
A surgeon’s income depends on many things, like experience, specialization, hospital type, and state. For example, salaries in California or New York are higher because of the cost of living and patient demand.
This article explains the full details of surgeon salary in USA, including state-wise pay, specialties, bonuses, and career growth options for both US and international medical graduates (IMGs).
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), surgeons in the USA are among the highest-paid professionals. The median salary for surgeons is USD 239,200 or more per year, which means at least USD 115 per hour. Some specialists, like pediatric surgeons or heart surgeons, can earn even more.
The salary depends on things like experience, specialty, and location. For example, surgeons working in big cities or private hospitals often earn more than those in small towns or government hospitals.
The job market for surgeons is also growing. Between 2023 and 2033, jobs for surgeons are expected to increase by 4%, which is about average compared to other careers in the USA.
Every year, around 23,600 new openings are expected. Many of these will be because older surgeons are retiring or switching to other careers, so new doctors will be needed to fill the gap.
Pediatric Surgeons
USD 450,810
Cardiologists
432,490
Surgeons, All Other
371,280
Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric
365,060
Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric
301,500
What Affects a Surgeon’s Salary in the USA?
The average surgeon salary in the USA can change a lot depending on a few important things. Let’s understand the main factors that decide how much a surgeon earns.
Education and Training: Becoming a surgeon requires a long education. First, you do 4 years of medical school, then 5–7 years of surgical residency. Some do even more fellowship training in special fields like heart or brain surgery. More training usually means higher pay.
Board Certification: If a surgeon is board certified, it shows they passed tough exams and have expert skills. Most hospitals prefer certified surgeons. It also helps them earn higher salaries.
Type of Surgeon: Different surgeon types earn differently. For example, pediatric surgeons and cardiothoracic surgeons earn more than general surgeons. Special surgeries need more skill, so they pay better.
Workplace – Hospital vs. Private Clinic: Surgeons who work in private hospitals or surgical centers may earn more than those in government hospitals. Some also run their own clinics, which gives them extra income.
Location in USA: Surgeon salary changes by state and city. Places like California, New York, and Texas often offer higher salaries due to more demand and higher cost of living.
Experience Level: A junior surgeon or someone just out of residency may earn less than a surgeon with 10–15 years of experience. More experience usually means better pay and more patients.
Number of Surgeries Performed: Surgeons who perform complex or more surgeries regularly often earn more, especially in private settings where procedure-based income matters.
If you're planning to become a surgeon in USA, it's important to know the right education pathway. Start by exploring:
Surgeons who work in specialized fields usually earn higher salaries because their work is more complex, and they go through more years of training. Specializations like neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and orthopedic surgery require long fellowships and high skills, so they are paid more than general surgeons. Also, these roles often involve high-risk surgeries, which adds to their value in hospitals and clinics.
If you are planning to become a surgeon in the USA, choosing a specialty can make a big difference in your career growth and salary.
Average Salary by Surgical Specialization in USA
Specialization
Average Annual Salary (USD + INR)
Fellowship Required
General Surgeon
USD 411,000 (INR 3.43 Cr)
No
Orthopedic Surgeon
USD 486,450 (INR 4.06 Cr)
Yes (5–6 years)
Cardiothoracic Surgeon
USD 465,200 (INR 3.89 Cr)
Yes
Pediatric Surgeon
USD 460,783 (INR 3.85 Cr)
Yes
Burn Surgeon
USD 444,800 (INR 3.72 Cr)
Yes
Trauma Surgeon
USD 444,743 (INR 3.72 Cr)
Yes
Vascular Surgeon
USD 412,663 (INR 3.44 Cr)
Yes
Oral Surgeon
USD 316,423 (INR 2.64 Cr)
Yes (via dental school)
Neurosurgeon
USD 620,507 (INR 5.18 Cr)
Yes (longest pathway)
Surgeon Salary by State in USA
Surgeon salaries in the USA change depending on the state. Some states, such as California, the District of Columbia, and Alaska, offer higher salaries due to a higher cost of living, increased demand for surgeons, and better healthcare systems. In areas with a higher concentration of hospitals, medical centers, and patients, there is a greater demand for skilled surgeons, resulting in higher pay.
Also, states with expensive cities usually give higher salaries to balance the cost of living. For example, living in California or Hawaii is costly, so surgeons there earn more to match that. On the other hand, some states may pay a bit less but also have lower living costs. So, both salary and lifestyle should be considered when choosing where to work.
Top Paying States for Surgeons in USA
State
Average Salary (USD + INR)
California
USD 453,308 (INR 3.78 Cr)
District of Columbia
USD 455,034 (INR 3.79 Cr)
Alaska
USD 444,883 (INR 3.71 Cr)
Connecticut
USD 439,211 (INR 3.66 Cr)
Hawaii
USD 429,553 (INR 3.58 Cr)
Illinois
USD 418,909 (INR 3.49 Cr)
Colorado
USD 419,320 (INR 3.49 Cr)
Job Outlook for Surgeons in USA
The job outlook for surgeons in the USA is positive. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the surgery field is expected to grow by around 4% from 2023 to 2033. This is about the same as the average growth for most jobs.
One main reason is the aging population. As people get older, they often need more surgeries like joint replacements, heart operations, and other treatments. This creates a higher demand for skilled surgeons in hospitals and clinics.
Also, new surgical technology is growing fast. Tools like robotic surgery, laser systems, and improved imaging make surgeries safer and faster. Surgeons trained in these new tools will be needed more in the future.
Overall, with more surgeries and better tools, the need for surgeons will stay strong in the coming years across the USA.
Surgeon Salary USA by Hospital Type: Public vs Private vs Academic
Public, private, and academic hospitals each offer different work environments, and the pay reflects those differences. Public hospitals offer more predictable schedules. Private hospitals offer higher earning potential. Academic centers come with prestige and research involvement.
Need a complete view of your options? This post on Medical Courses in USAcovers UG, PG, and super-specialty routes.
Incentives and Signing Bonuses for Surgeons in USA
Surgeons often receive signing bonuses, relocation assistance, and annual performance incentives - they have become standard compensation, especially in private hospitals and rural regions.
From April 2023 to March 2024, the average physician signing bonus was USD 31,473 (INR 26.2 lakh), based on AMN Healthcare’s recruitment data. This amount varies significantly based on specialty, employer type, and region.
Some institutions now offer a portion of the signing bonus before the surgeon officially starts, reflecting a more competitive hiring market post-2020.
Surgeon Bonus and Incentive Overview
Incentive Type
Typical Range (USD + INR)
Notes
Signing Bonus
USD 25,000 – USD 325,000 (INR 21L – INR 2.7Cr)
Paid upfront or split; rural hospitals may offer the higher end
Relocation Support
USD 10,000 – USD 20,000 (INR 8.3L – INR 16.6L)
Covers travel, housing, moving expenses
Performance Bonuses
USD 20,000 – USD 100,000+ (INR 16.6L – INR 83L+)
Based on surgery count, quality outcomes, or team targets
In underserved areas, signing bonuses can rise steeply to attract long-term commitments from specialists.
Private hospitals tend to offer higher upfront packages, while academic roles prioritize research or teaching incentives.
Curious how surgeon pay compares with other doctors? This blog on the Average Doctor Salary in USAbreaks it down by specialty.
Career Progression for Surgeons in USA
A surgeon’s journey spans over a decade of education and training. But the payoffs both in terms of compensation and professional status grow significantly with time.
Typical Career Path for Surgeons in USA
Stage
Description
Average Salary (USD + INR)
Medical School
4 years
—
Residency (PGY1–PGY5/7)
5–7 years of surgical training
USD 60K–USD 90K/year (INR 50L–INR 75L)
Attending Surgeon
Independent practice begins
USD 117K–USD 144K/year (INR 1Cr–INR 1.2Cr)
Senior Consultant
10+ years, often hospital lead
USD 122K–USD 239K/year (INR 1Cr–INR 2Cr)
Department Head/Director
Leadership, teaching, admin
USD 246L–USD 290K/year (INR 2Cr–INR 3Cr)
Specialists and private practice owners may cross USD 1M/year depending on patient base and procedures.
Can Surgeons Work Part-Time or in Hybrid Roles?
Yes. Surgeons can shift into hybrid roles over time. Some prefer to reduce operative hours while expanding into teaching, research, or consultation.
Alternate or Hybrid Career Options for Surgeons
Surgical Teaching Roles – Medical schools and residency programs
Locum Tenens Positions – Short-term, flexible contracts across hospitals
Medical Consulting – Clinical advisory for device companies or hospitals
Telehealth in Pre/Post-Operative Care – Especially in rural support systems
Hospital Administration or Department Leadership
Entrepreneurship – Start a private clinic, teleconsulting platform, or wellness venture
These roles allow surgeons to maintain their medical identity while balancing time and lifestyle.
Still figuring out your education roadmap? Here's how to Study Medicine in USA from pre-med to residency.
How to Become a Surgeon in USA
Becoming a surgeon in USA is a step-by-step process that leads to one of the most respected careers in healthcare. The timeline may be long, but each phase brings valuable experience and growth.
Step-by-Step Surgeon Career Path
Bachelor’s Degree: Focus on pre-med subjects like biology, chemistry, or physiology. A strong GPA and relevant volunteering or research work help.
MCAT: Score well on the Medical College Admission Test to qualify for top med schools.
Medical School (4 years): The First two years cover foundational sciences. The final two include clinical rotations across departments, including surgery.
Surgical Residency (5–7 years): Choose a specialty general surgery, orthopedic, neurosurgery, etc. Residency offers real-time training with mentorship.
Fellowship (Optional): Specialize further in fields like cardiac, trauma, or pediatric surgery. Fellowship programs last 1–3 years.
Board Certification and State License: Pass USMLE Step 3, complete licensing requirements, and earn certification from the American Board of Surgery.
Lifelong Learning: Attend workshops, CME courses, and explore sub-specialization for continued career growth.
The average surgeon's salary in the USA in 2025 is approximately $446,850 per year, with most surgeons earning between $377,880 and $530,346 depending on experience and location.
Specialties such as thoracic surgery and vascular surgery command even higher salaries, often exceeding $400,000 annually.
For better guidance on US medical careers, licensing, or salary negotiation, connect with upGrad experts. They will guide you step by step to maximize your earning potential as a surgeon in the USA.
FAQs – Surgeon Salary USA
What is the average salary of a general surgeon in the USA?
A general surgeon in the USA earns an average salary of around USD 411,000 per year, which is about INR 3.43 crore. The pay can go higher based on experience, location, and hospital type.
Do surgeons earn more in private practice or hospitals?
Yes, surgeons in private practice usually earn more than those in public or academic hospitals. Private hospitals often offer higher salaries, bonuses, and better incentives, especially for experienced surgeons.
Which surgeon specialty is the highest paid in the USA?
The highest-paid surgeon in the USA is usually a neurosurgeon, with an average salary of about USD 620,507 per year (INR 5.18 crore). Other high-paying specializations include orthopedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery.
How many hours do surgeons work per week in the USA?
Most surgeons work between 50 to 60 hours a week, but during emergencies or surgeries, the hours may go up. Surgeons in trauma or busy departments may work longer shifts, including nights or weekends.
What is the salary difference between surgeons in urban and rural areas?
Surgeons in rural areas may sometimes earn more than those in cities because of shortage of doctors and extra bonuses. But urban areas often offer more career growth and private practice opportunities, even if the base salary is similar.
Do US surgeons get bonuses or profit-sharing?
Yes, many US surgeons receive signing bonuses, performance bonuses, and sometimes profit-sharing. In private hospitals, these benefits can be a big part of total earnings, especially for high-performing specialists.
How much do surgeons earn in residency?
Surgeons in residency earn between USD 60,000 to USD 90,000 per year, which is around INR 50 lakh to INR 75 lakh. This is a training phase, so the salary is lower than full-time attending surgeons.
Are there tax deductions applicable to surgeons in the USA?
Yes, surgeons in the USA can claim tax deductions on things like continuing medical education (CME) fees, licensing costs, equipment, malpractice insurance, and office expenses if they run a clinic.
Can international medical graduates (IMGs) become surgeons in the USA?
Yes, international medical graduates (IMGs) can become surgeons in the USA, but they must pass USMLE exams, complete a residency in the US, and get board certification. It is a longer path, but possible with the right preparation.
Is surgery a high-demand career in the US in 2025?
Yes, surgery is in high demand in 2025, mainly due to the aging population and the rise in chronic illnesses. Also, new technology in surgery is creating more need for trained professionals in both urban and rural hospitals.
