Introduction to the useEffect() Hook
useeffect hook a key component. It handles tasks like data fetching, setting up event listeners, or modifying the DOM and allows users to carry out side effects using functional components. It also controls the component lifecycle.
The useeffect hook leverages two arguments, a function and an optional dependency array. The function passed as the first argument is executed post-initial rendering of the component and then again after every update.You can indicate the variables on which an effect depends using the dependency array. A new run of the effect is performed if any of the dependence array’s variables change.
Inherently the useeffect hook was created to tackle challenges faced under the ES6 class components’ lifecycle. However, it has now become one of the core react concepts.
With this brief on what is useeffect in react, let’s now look at its syntax.
Basic Syntax of useEffect() Hook
useEffect supports two arguments; the second argument is optional. The syntax is as below:
useEffect(<function>, <dependency>)
The function includes the side-effect logic. It provokes the execution of a callback directly after the DOM update.
The dependency contains an optional array of dependencies of your side-effects, i.e., state and props values. Note that the use effect hook runs callback only if the dependencies have changed during renderings.
The syntax serves the solitary purpose of useEffect(). It lets you place your side-effect logic inside the callback function and then use the dependencies argument to control when you need the side-effect to run.
You can consider the following syntax when implementing useEffect() Hook:
// import useEffect
import { useEffect } from ‘react’;
function MyComponent() {
// calls it above the returned JSX
// passes two arguments to it i.e. an array and a function
useEffect(() => {
// effect function
return () => {
// cleanup function
};
}, [/* dependency array */]);
// component rendering logic
}
}
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Mounting and Unmounting Components with useEffect() Hook
Mounting
The initial stage of a React component’s lifecycle involves creating and inserting components into the DOM. This lifecycle stage of react useeffect includes the componentDidMount lifecycle method, which executes when the component mounts.
Here’s an example of mounting components using useEffect() hook.
componentDidMount() {
console.log(“The component is successfully mounted”);
this.setState({
loaded: true
})
}
In the above example, componentDidMount lets you use setState. So, you can easily set and change the state in the lifecycle method. The corresponding method employs API calls, call remote endpoints, and fetches data.
Unmounting
This react useeffect lifecycle method handles the cleanup in a DOM. It is like a useeffect cleanup function that removes a component from the DOM. It is called unmounting in React. Unmounting uses only one lifecycle method, i.e., componentWillUnmount. It is called when you want to remove a component from the DOM.
componentWillUnmount() {
console.log(“The component is successfully unmounted”);
}
Using use effect() Hook for Handling State Changes
The useeffect executes after every render. It is also used to run certain codes in acknowledgement of a state change. You can control the time of execution of the effect by passing the second argument in useEffect() Hook. The second argument works as an array of dependencies, i.e., if the corresponding variables are changed, the effect must be re-run. Note that state is one of the variable types.
The following section illustrates an example to explain how the use effect hook handles state changes.
For example, you may want to run a side effect based on a “day” value. Suppose you have a side effect to display a greeting message depending on the value of the day. The value of the day is saved in a state variable.
Whenever you choose a day, the state gets updated. The change in state value lets you update the greeting message. You should pass the state variable to useEffect hook as a subset of the dependency array.
useEffect(() =>
{
// Side Effect
}, [state]);
In the above example of useeffect react native, the side effect would run if the value of the state variable updates.
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Using useEffect() Hook with APIs and Network Requests
You can use the ‘useEffect()’ hook with APIs and network requests to fetch data from a server and handle errors. Here’s an example of how to use ‘useEffect()’ with an API and handle network errors:
import React, { useState, useEffect } from ‘react’;
function MyComponent() {
const [data, setData] = useState(null);
const [error, setError] = useState(null);
useEffect(() => {
async function fetchData() {
try {
const response = await fetch(‘https://api.example.com/data’);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(‘Network response was not ok’);
}
const json = await response.json();
setData(json);
} catch (error) {
setError(error);
}
}
fetchData();
}, []);
if (error) {
return <div>Error: {error.message}</div>;
}
if (!data) {
return <div>Loading…</div>;
}
return (
<div>
<p>{data.message}</p>
</div>
);
}
You can modify this example to include any additional functionality you need to handle network requests and API responses.
Advanced useEffect() Hook Techniques
One of the advanced useeffect react native techniques is memorisation. It is an optimisation technique where the output of a function call is cached. Subsequently, the useeffect return function returns it when the same input is fed again.
Another well-known useEffect() Hook technique is the useMemo Hook. It lets you calculate a value and memorise it. Its syntax is:
import { useMemo } from ‘react’
const memoizedValue = useMemo(() => computeExpensiveValue(x, y), [x, y])
useEffect() Hook Dependencies
useEffect() Hook dependencies contain a list of dependencies of your side-effect while also comprising state or prop values. The dependencies argument allows you to catch some component lifecycle events like a component gets mounted or a particular state/prop value gets updated.
The dependencies argument lets you control the time when the side-effect is invoked, irrespective of the component’s rendering cycle.
Conditional Rendering with useEffect() Hook
useEffect Hook allows you to put the conditions within the hook. Here’s an example.
useEffect(() => {
if (shouldExecute) {
// (list of conditions)
}
}, [shouldExecute])
You need to mention the mandatory conditions that you want to execute under the shouldExecute function.
use effect() Hook vs ComponentDidMount() and ComponentDidUpdate()
useEffect() Hook vs componentDidUpdate():
| useEffect() Hook | componentDidUpdate() |
| useEffect() Hook is executed for three unique React lifecycles. These React lifecycles are componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, and componentWillUnmount. | componentDidUpdate() executes only after a React component is updated.
|
| It doesn’t offer the previous React state and props values. | It offers the previous React props and state values. |
| It can be used only in a React functional component. | It can only be invoked inside a class component. |
useEffect() Hook vs componentDidMount():
| useEffect() Hook | componentDidMount() |
| useEffect is invoked asynchronously after the browser has already painted the screen. | componentDidMount is invoked synchronously before the browser displays the screen. |
| It obtains the value of count when the effect is created. Providing the effect function to useEffect lets it persist around in memory, and here it only knows that the count was 0. | The class-based code makes sure the componentDidMount doesn’t have closure over the state. Hence, it only reads the current value. |
Common Mistakes and Best Practices with useEffect() Hook.
Common mistakes
1. Not defining dependencies
useEffect runs whenever a component is rendered. Hence, you must define the values that must trigger a re-render. Otherwise, your useEffect function can create performance issues.
2. Not cleaning up after executing the useEffect hook
useEffect may return a cleanup function that executes when the component is unmounted. Not cleaning up after useEffect can create memory leaks and other concerns. So, it is important to use useeffect cleanup function.
3. Using setState in useEffect function without a dependency
If you update the state in useEffect, it triggers another render. This can lead to an infinite loop. To prevent this, you must always define the state variable which you are updating as a dependency in a useEffect hook.
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Best Practices:
- If you want to use the useEffect hook, make sure only to use one per component. In the case of multiple useEffect hooks, all of them would run whenever a component renders. So, it can create performance issues and unexpected behaviour.
- Ensure not to use the useEffect hook inside conditions, loops, or nested functions. If you use State inside for loop, then React would create a new state variable every time the loop runs. Thus, it leads to unexpected behaviour.
- Make sure not to overuse the useEffect hook. They can make your code difficult to read and may influence the performance if used overly.
- You must only call the useEffect hook from React functions. If you call it from a class component, you will see an error.
Conclusion
It is best to use useeffect in react if you want to easily access the components’ props and state without writing any additional code. It significantly simplifies side effects in components since it makes it easier to execute side effects when the state or prop changes. You can consider the aspects and best practices discussed above to ensure that your React components perform optimally.
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