Know about Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning

Machine learning helps computers learn from data to make decisions or find patterns. Two of the most common types are supervised and unsupervised learning. The main difference between the two lies in their approach: supervised learning involves guidance from labeled data, whereas unsupervised learning identifies patterns without prior guidance.

According to a 2024 LinkedIn report, job postings requiring AI skills surged 61% year-on-year, with supervised learning as a must-have skill, showing how important it is in today’s tech world. In this article, let’s understand supervised vs unsupervised learning to know its significance in the present job market.

Also Read: Online Machine Learning Courses for Working Professionals in the US

Understanding Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

What is Supervised Learning?

Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where we teach AI models by giving them labeled examples. These examples show the model what inputs go with which outputs. Once trained, the model can use this knowledge to predict outcomes for new data it hasn’t seen before.

Key Features of Supervised Learning:

Learn from labeled data (data with answers).
Used for making predictions or sorting things into groups.

Examples:

Email spam filter (tells if an email is a spam).
Predicting house prices based on size and location.

Practical Application:

Credit scoring in banks.
Speech recognition on mobile phones.

What is Unsupervised Learning?

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which the AI model uses ML algorithms to examine unlabeled data. It finds hidden patterns or groups in the data without any human help.

Key Features of Unsupervised Learning:

Works with unlabeled data (no correct answers given).
Helps in discovering patterns, trends, or hidden structures.

Examples:

Grouping customers based on shopping habits.
Sorting news articles into topics.

Practical Application:

Recommendation systems (like Netflix).
Fraud detection in banking.

Key Differences Between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

As discussed, supervised and unsupervised learning are two main machine learning categories, each with its own approach to training AI models. The key difference lies in the use of labeled data. Here’s a quick comparison to help understand how they work and when to use them.

Differentiation	Supervised Learning	Unsupervised Learning
Objective	To learn how to match inputs with the correct outputs using example input-output pairs.	To build data representation and create new, useful content based on it.
Data Requirement	Requires labeled datasets (input-output pairs).	Uses unlabeled datasets without predefined outcomes.
Classes of Data	Number of data classes is known.	Number of data classes is unknown.
Level of Accuracy	High accuracy.	Less accuracy.
Complexity	Uses simple processes.	Uses resource-heavy processes.
Outcomes	Classify data based on input features to get desired output.	Discover patterns, groupings, or structure in the data with no corresponding output values.
Examples	– Email spam detection – Disease diagnosis – Stock price prediction	– Customer segmentation – Market basket analysis – Anomaly detection

Also Read: How to Learn Machine Learning Online in the US

Choosing Between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

Selecting the right machine learning approach depends on the problem you are trying to solve and the nature of the data available. Here’s how you can make an informed decision:

Based on the data you have

Use Supervised Learning when you have labeled data and want to predict or classify new or unseen data based on set patterns learned from the labeled examples.

For example, supervised learning is used to filter legitimate or spam emails based on the machine’s training and experience.

Use Unsupervised Learning when you have a dataset with no labeled or predefined outcomes and want to discover patterns within the data or perform grouping.

For example, customer purchase behavior and website traffic patterns.

Based on your goal

Choose Supervised Learning for:
- Predicting future outcomes. For instance, to know property prices, credit risks, etc.
- Classifying data into predefined categories, like spam detection.
Choose Unsupervised Learning for:
- To discover hidden patterns.
- To identify anomalies or outliers.

Based on the Required Accuracy of the Result

Supervised models are more accurate because they are trained on high-quality labeled data. Hence, these learning methods are ideal for high-stakes applications, especially in medical diagnosis or financial forecasting.
Unsupervised models explore the data independently, so their results might need extra checking to be understood correctly.

Based on the Amount of Data You Have

Supervised learning requires large amounts of labeled data to perform well.
Unsupervised learning can work even with smaller datasets, especially when labels are difficult to generate.

Based on the Complexity of Your Problem

For complex classification or prediction problems, supervised models are suitable.
Unsupervised techniques like clustering are valuable for understanding and organizing unstructured data.

Can You Use Both?

It is common to combine both methods in many real-world machine learning projects; you can start with unsupervised learning to explore the data and then apply supervised learning once you have enough labeled data.

Also Read: Explainable AI: Making Machine Learning Models Transparent

How can upGrad help?

Working professionals in the US can boost their careers with online AI and Machine Learning courses through upGrad to enhance employability and gain industry-relevant skills. These flexible online courses are designed in collaboration with top universities to equip learners with hands-on experience and career support to thrive in the tech-driven job market.

Some popular Machine Learning AI programs available on upGrad:

For more information, email globaladmissions@upgrad.com or call +1 (240) 719- 6120.

FAQs on Difference Between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

Q: What is the main difference between supervised and unsupervised learning?
Ans: Supervised and unsupervised learning are two main machine learning categories, each with its own approach to training AI models. The key difference lies in the use of labeled data. Supervised learning uses labeled datasets to train machines to make predictions, while unsupervised learning works with unlabeled data to identify hidden patterns.

Q: Which is more commonly used: supervised or unsupervised learning?
Ans: Supervised learning is more commonly used due to the availability of labeled data and its use in predictive tasks like spam detection, fraud detection, and medical diagnostics.

Q: Can you combine supervised and unsupervised learning in one model?
Ans: Yes, hybrid approaches such as semi-supervised and self-supervised learning combine both techniques to leverage the benefits of labeled and unlabeled data.

Q: What are some popular algorithms used in supervised learning?
Ans: Standard supervised learning algorithms include Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Neural Networks.

Q: What are some popular algorithms used in unsupervised learning?
Ans: Popular unsupervised learning algorithms include K-Means Clustering, Hierarchical Clustering, DBSCAN, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Q: Is unsupervised learning harder than supervised learning?
Ans: In many cases, unsupervised learning is challenging since it doesn’t rely on labeled data. Hence, it can be more complex to validate the result, especially when interpreting complex patterns.